单词 | disposition |
释义 | dispositionn. I. The action or faculty of disposing, the condition of being disposed. 1. a. The action of setting in order, or condition of being set in order; arrangement, order; relative position of the parts or elements of a whole. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > [noun] layingc1330 pitchinga1398 settinga1398 couchingc1400 stowingc1440 placingc1449 stelling1560 disposition1563 location1568 planting1585 situation1589 collocation1605 situating1611 disposurea1625 depositure1635 allodgement1639 instalment1646 fixation1652 deposition1659 lodgement1713 repositing1713 emplacement1742 bestowal1773 locating1774 disposal1828 placement1844 allocation1846 enlodgement1884 siting1902 1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors ii. f. 24 It commeth of ye diuerse disposition of ye cloudes. 1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke Annot. sig. *3 In the natural disposition of numbers thus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 140 The Disposition of the Strata. 1713 A. Pope Narr. Robert Norris 9 I then took a particular Survey of..the Furniture and Disposition of his Apartment. 1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful ii. §14. 60 Stonehenge, neither for disposition nor ornament, has any thing admirable. 1827 H. Steuart Planter's Guide (1828) 15 Single Trees and Bushes, in groups and open dispositions. 1865 A. Geikie Scenery & Geol. Scotl. vi. 122 Looking at the disposition of the Highland glens and straths. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > [noun] standing?c1400 situationa1484 setting?1523 disposition?1541 position1556 collocation1605 posture1605 standa1684 lie1697 lay1819 presentation1833 sit1857 gisement1864 orientation1875 ?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Kj Where is the dysposicion of the yerde? 1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 99 That..the Tracing-Pin be constantly held in the same Disposition, without varying its Point. 1750 tr. C. Leonardus Mirror of Stones 102 Effestis..being opposed to the Sun, kindles Fire in Matter put in a Disposition for it. c. Rhetoric and Logic. The due arrangement of the parts of an argument or discussion. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > logical argument > [noun] > arrangement of parts of argument disposition1509 judgement1551 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure x. i The second parte of crafty Rethoryke Maye well be called Disposicion. 1553 T. Wilson Arte Rhetorique (1567) 82 a Inuencion helpeth to finde matter, and Disposicion serueth to place argumentes. 1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick ii. 13 Ramus calls, the second part of Logick, Disposition. So doth Aristotle also,..where he requires of a Logician, to dispose singular things, by themselues: and, he saith, that, this disposition is proper to a Logician. 1788 G. S. Howard New Royal Encycl. II. 715 Disposition, in Logic, is that operation of the mind, whereby we put the ideas, operations, and arguments, which we have formed concerning our subject, into such an order as is fittest to gain the clearest knowledge of it, to retain it longest, and to explain it to others in the best manner; the effect of this is called method. d. Architecture, etc. The due arrangement of the several parts of a building, esp. in reference to the general design: see quots. ΚΠ 1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1672) 14 I may now proceed to the Disposition thereof [i.e. of the matter], which must form the Work. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Disposition..in Architecture, is the just placing of all the several Parts of a Building, according to their proper Order. 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 964 Disposition, one of the essentials of architecture. It is the arrangement of the whole design by means of ichnography (plan), orthography (section and elevation), and scenography (perspective view). 1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 115 Disposition; a draught or drawing representing the several timbers that compose the frame of the ship, so that they may be properly disposed with respect to the ports, &c. 1886 R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. III. 247 The general inclosure within walls, the disposition into courts..all have their analogies..in the monastic buildings. Categories » e. Military. See 2b. 2. a. Arrangement (of affairs, measures, etc.), esp. for the accomplishment of a purpose; plan, preparation; condition or complexion of affairs. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun] > conduct of affairs or dealing with > definitely dispositiona1382 disposal1648 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. xxiv. 6 For with disposicioun me goth in to bataile; and helthe shal ben wher ben many counseilis. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. iii. 235 I craue fit disposition for my wife..Which such accomodation? and besort As leuels with her breeding. View more context for this quotation 1712 E. Budgell Spectator No. 404. ¶1 In the Dispositions of Society, the civil Oeconomy is formed in a Chain as well as the natural. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. Introd. p. viii To judge, what particular Disposition of things, would be most..assistant to Virtue. 1814 F. Shoberl tr. J. Klaproth Trav. Caucasus & Georgia 3 My dispositions for the journey would soon have been completed. 1872 J. Morley Voltaire vi. 301 To observe..those secret dispositions of events which prepared the way for great changes. b. Military. The arrangement of troops in preparation for a military operation: (a) (from sense 1) their actual arrangement in the field; (b) (from sense 2) their distribution, allocation, destination, etc.; plural military preparations or measures. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [noun] field?1548 disposition1776 1600 E. Blount tr. G. F. di Conestaggio Hist. Uniting Portugall to Castill 37 Having viewed the ill disposition of the Campe. 1738 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. (ed. 2) II. 125 The Persian troops had been generally us'd to engage four and twenty men in depth, but Cyrus thought fit to change that disposition. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xxiv. 684 The military dispositions of Julian were skilfully contrived. 1799 J. Stuart in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 116 I have accordingly made a disposition to..defend my position. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 605 Having observed the disposition of the royal forces. 1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 242 Fabius made all his dispositions to repel the attempt to force a passage. c. Nautical. (See quot. 1867.) ΚΠ 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Disposition, the arrangement of a ship's company for watches, quarters, reefing, furling, and other duties. 3. Ordering, control, management; direction, appointment; administration, dispensation; = disposal n. 1 (Cf. dispose v. 2, 7) archaic. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [noun] > management or administration dispositionc1374 ministrationc1390 disposing1406 procuration?a1425 guidingc1425 economy?1440 conduct1454 solicitation1492 regimenta1500 mayning1527 enterprisea1533 handlinga1538 conduction1565 manyment1567 disposure1569 conveyance1572 managing1579 disposement1583 government1587 carriage1589 manage1591 steerage1597 management1598 steering1599 manurance1604 fixing1605 dispose1611 administry?1616 husbandry1636 dispensatorship1637 admin1641 managery1643 disposal1649 mesnagery1653 contrectation1786 conducting1793 wielding1820 managership1864 operation1872 operating1913 case management1918 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 477 (526) O god þat at þi disposicioun Ledest þe fyn by luste purueyaunce Of euery wyght. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Chron. xxiii. 18 Forsothe Joiada sette prouostis in the hous of the Lord..after the disposicyoun [a1425 L.V. by the ordynaunce] of Dauid. 1520 Chron. Eng. v. f. 56v/2 To submytte hym to the dyposycyon of God. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 214/1 Disposytion, disposition, govuernement, ordre. 1582 Bible (Rheims) Acts vii. 53 Who receiued the Law by the disposition of [so 1611: R.V. as it was ordained by (marg. or, as the ordinance of)] Angels, and haue not kept it. 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. ii. 6 Which things by the just disposition of Almighty God, fell out according to the..desires of these holy persons. 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 286 This seem'd to me to be a Disposition of immediate Providence. 1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §14. 53 Inexpressibly thankful to receive this Law by the disposition of Angels. 4. a. The action of disposing of, putting away, getting rid of, making over, etc. (see dispose v. 8); bestowal; spec. in Law, the action of disponing; bestowal or conveyance by deed or will. ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > [noun] release1344 alienationc1425 conveying1483 transportc1485 state making1487 conveyance1523 designation1573 transferring1573 assignation1579 dispose1591 assignment1592 convey1592 disposing1638 disposurea1649 attornment1650 abalienation1656 transfer1674 disposal1697 conveyancing1714 transference1766 disposition1861 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 269 She [i.e. Nature] preferreth no degree As in the disposicion Of bodely complexion. ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Ddiii Touchyng the disposicion of his goodnes [Fr. ses biens] after his deth. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 507/2 in Chron. I The dispositioun of officis vacand. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 497. ⁋2 The wanton disposition of the favours of the powerful. 1795 G. Wythe Decis. Cases Virginia 5 His wife could make no disposition of the personal estate. 1861 G. Ross W. Bell's Dict. Law Scotl. (rev. ed.) 292 A disposition is an unilateral deed of alienation, by which a right to property, either heritable or moveable, is conveyed. 1884 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 27 47 The point which is said to remain for disposition when the case is heard. b. Power of disposing of; disposal, control: esp. in phrase at (in, etc.) one's disposition (= disposal n. 4). ΘΚΠ society > authority > [noun] > authority to deal with as one pleases dispositionc1374 devotion1558 dispose1594 disposure1606 disposal1630 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 2 Aprochen gan the fatal destyne That loues hath in disposicioun. 1406 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 13 At the dysposicion of myn Executours. 1529 Cdl. Wolsey in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. II. 12 Yf I may have the free gyft and dyssposycion of the benefyces. 1680 W. Temple Ess. Advancem. Trade Ireland in Wks. (1731) I. 110 The Lieutenants of Ireland since the Duke of Ormond's Time have had little in their Disposition here. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xii. 255 The choice of action or of repose is no longer in our disposition. 1860 R. C. Trench Serm. in Westm. Abbey iii. 31 [He] had at his disposition no inconsiderable sums of money. II. The way or manner in which a thing has been disposed, or is situated or constituted. a. The situation of a planet in a horoscope, as supposed to determine the nature or fortune of a person, or the course of events. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > as influence on mankind > [noun] > influence > planet as > situation of dispositionc1386 c1386 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 229 Som wikke aspect or disposition Of Saturne. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 699 Astrology Quhar-throu clerkis..May knaw coniunctione of planetis..And of the hevyn all halely How that the disposicioune [1489 Adv. dispositioun] Suld apon thingis virk heir doune. a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. C2v A booke where I might see al..planets..that I might knowe their motions and dispositions. ΚΠ 1647 W. Lilly Christian Astrol. lxxxii. 447 See if the more ponderous Planet of the two, that is, the receiver of the Disposition be in any angle but the fourth. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > as influence on mankind > [noun] > nature of dispositionc1386 c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Prol. 701 Mercurie loueth wysdam and science And Venus loueth ryot and dispence. And for hire diuerse disposicioun, Ech falleth in otheres exaltacioun. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 114 His nativite Hath take upon the proprete Of Martis disposicion. 6. Natural tendency or bent of the mind, esp. in relation to moral or social qualities; mental constitution or temperament; turn of mind.Possibly of astrological origin: cf. the description of dispositions as saturnine, jovial, martial, venereal, mercurial. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun] heartOE erda1000 moodOE i-mindOE i-cundeOE costc1175 lundc1175 evena1200 kinda1225 custc1275 couragec1300 the manner ofc1300 qualityc1300 talentc1330 attemperancec1374 complexionc1386 dispositiona1387 propertyc1390 naturea1393 assay1393 inclinationa1398 gentlenessa1400 proprietya1400 habitudec1400 makingc1400 conditionc1405 habitc1405 conceitc1425 affecta1460 ingeny1477 engine1488 stomach?1510 mind?a1513 ingine1533 affection1534 vein1536 humour?1563 natural1564 facultyc1565 concept1566 frame1567 temperature1583 geniusa1586 bent1587 constitution1589 composition1597 character1600 tune1600 qualification1602 infusion1604 spirits1604 dispose1609 selfness1611 disposure1613 composurea1616 racea1616 tempera1616 crasisc1616 directiona1639 grain1641 turn1647 complexure1648 genie1653 make1674 personality1710 tonea1751 bearing1795 liver1800 make-up1821 temperament1821 naturalness1850 selfhood1854 Wesen1854 naturel1856 sit1857 fibre1864 character structure1873 mentality1895 mindset1909 psyche1910 where it's (he's, she's) at1967 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 113 Nouȝt by chaungynge of body, but by chaungynge of disposicioun of wit and of semynge. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 19 After the disposition Of glotony and dronkeship. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 51 If suche prophesies and influence of the seide constellacions might be trew, yet..havyng a clene soule, may turne the contrarie disposicion that jugement of constellacion or prophesies signified. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Hippocrates in Panoplie Epist. 266 Men of honeste and vertuous disposition. 1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World v. ii. §81. 472/2 A man he was of a fierce, bloody, and faithless disposition. 1779 J. Moore View Society & Manners France (1789) I. xvii. 128 Congenial with the phlegm and saturnine dispositions of the English. 1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. I. 136 The belief..that the motions of the stars, and the dispositions and fortunes of men, may come under some common conceptions and laws. 1841 G. P. R. James Corse de Leon I. i. 10 His disposition was naturally cheerful and bright. 7. a. The state or quality of being disposed, inclined, or ‘in the mind’ (to something, or to do something); inclination (sometimes = desire, intention, purpose); state of mind or feeling in respect to a thing or person; the condition of being (favourably or unfavourably) disposed towards. (In plural formerly sometimes = mental tendencies or qualities; hence nearly = sense 6.) ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > [noun] willeOE hearteOE i-willc888 self-willeOE intent?c1225 device1303 couragec1320 talentc1325 greec1330 voluntyc1330 fantasyc1374 likinga1375 disposingc1380 pleasancea1382 affectionc1390 wish1390 disposition1393 affecta1398 likea1400 lista1400 pleasingc1400 emplesance1424 pleasurec1425 well-willingc1443 notiona1450 mindc1450 fancy1465 empleseur1473 hest?a1513 plighta1535 inclination1541 cue1567 month's mind1580 disposedness1583 leaning1587 humour1595 wouldings1613 beneplacit1643 wouldingness1645 vergency1649 bene-placiture1662 good liking1690 draught1758 tida1774 inkling1787 the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [noun] kinda1200 disposingc1380 disposition1393 aptc1400 hieldc1400 remotiona1425 inclination?a1439 incliningc1450 taste1477 intendment1509 benta1535 swing1538 approclivity1546 aptness1548 swinge1548 drift1549 set1567 addiction1570 disposedness1583 swaya1586 leaning1587 intention1594 inflection1597 inclinableness1608 appetite1626 vogue1626 tendency1628 tendence1632 aptitude1633 gravitation1644 propension1644 biasing1645 conducement1646 flexure1652 propendency1660 tend1663 vergencya1665 pend1674 to have a way of1748 polarity1767 appetency1802 drive1885 overleaning1896 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 62 They take logginge in the town After the disposition Where as him thoughte best to dwelle. 1461 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 96 If thei do it of her owne disposicion. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Diiiv He requyreth but onely a disposicion in the person..that he be repentaunt. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iv. i. 106 But come, now I will be your Rosalind in a more comming-on disposition . View more context for this quotation 1625 J. Mede Let. 17 June in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 199 Those..that know best her dispositions are very hopefull his Majestie will have power to bring her to his own religion. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xxii. 134 Testiness is a disposition or aptness to be angry. 1754 Earl of Chatham Lett. to Nephew (1804) iv. 28 Go on, my dear child, in the admirable dispositions you have towards all that is right and good. 1832 H. Martineau Life in Wilds ix. 121 There was a general disposition to remain. 1886 J. Ruskin Præterita II. vii. 253 A pleasant disposition to make the best of all she saw. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > temporary state of mind, mood > [noun] moodOE affection?c1225 affecta1398 statec1450 humour1525 vein1577 frame1579 temperality1600 tempera1628 à la mode1654 disposition1726 spite1735 the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > state of feeling or mood > [noun] moodOE cheerc1225 affecta1398 statec1450 mindc1460 stomach1476 spiritc1480 humour1525 vein1577 frame1579 tune1600 tempera1628 transport1658 air1678 tift1717 disposition1726 spite1735 tonea1751 1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. i. 23 I rose up with as melancholy a Disposition as ever I had in my Life. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. x. iii. 22 The Footman and Post-boy were in a different Disposition . View more context for this quotation 1764 S. Foote Patron iii. 67 If he is admitted in his present disposition, the whole secret will certainly out. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > [noun] naturec1275 kindc1300 complexion1398 habitudec1400 disposition1477 constitution1553 corporature1555 habit1576 composition1578 temper1601 composure1628 schesis1684 stamina1701 habitus1886 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 55 If ye Iuge the disposicion of my body after the colour of my face ye be gretly abused. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. vi. f. 29v Rather by the disposition of the earthe, then constitucion of heauen. 1576 A. Fleming tr. G. Macropedius in Panoplie Epist. 365 Considering the weake disposition of your bodie. 1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated ii. xiv. 224 Hippocrates pronounced the people of the North to be of a leane & dry disposition. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 3/2 A constant unchangeable Disposition of Air above all the rest of the World. 1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. v. 228 The disposition of trees may, however, be changed gradually in many instances. 9. a. Physical aptitude, tendency, or inclination (to something, or to do something). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [noun] > to some physical condition or action inclinationa1398 disposition1398 propension1612 propensitya1623 bias1819 perpensity1871 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) iii. xix. 65 To make the wytte of smellynge perfyte it nedyth to haue..good dysposicions in the nosethryllis. ?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Aiij, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens We shall treate in this present boke the dysposycyons which augmenteth the vlcere. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Disposition to slepe or wake, cataphora. 1654 Z. Coke Art of Logick 32 Disposition..sometimes it is largely used for all fitness to any thing..as when water waxeth warm, it is said to have a disposition to heat. 1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing I. i. ii. i. 120 The different dispositions of wool, silk, etc. to unite with the colouring particles. 1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 97 The disposition to form wens prevails frequently in many parts of the body at the same time. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > [noun] > ability or talent enginea1393 virtuea1425 kindnessc1425 part1561 vogue1590 disposition1600 talent1602 genio1612 genius1649 turn1721 aptitude1793 1600 E. Blount tr. G. F. di Conestaggio Hist. Uniting Portugall to Castill 27 Yet did he admire their order..their disposition to handle the pike, and their strict obedience. 1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 98 You can shave, and dress a wig a little, La Fleur?—He had all the dispositions in the world. a. Physical condition or state; state of bodily health. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [noun] ferec1175 statea1325 casec1325 likingc1330 plighta1393 dispositionc1400 health1509 disease1526 affection?1541 affect1605 valetude1623 tift1717 situation1749 condition1798 fix1816 shape1865 fig1883 c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 103 I foond þe sike of bettere disposicioun..& he spak bettere. ?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Bivv, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens Of other vlceres wherin no corrupte affection or dysposition (that the Grekes call Cacoetes) is adioyned. 1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales vi. vi. 130 Cocceius Nerua..being in perfect disposition of body, resolued with himselfe to die. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Habitude L'habitude du corps, the estate, plight, liking, or disposition of the bodie. 1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia ii. xxx. 280 Being surprised by an ill disposition of health. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iv. 370 Any inflammatory Disposition of the Coat of the Nerve. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > [noun] > original or natural condition i-cundeeOE kindc1175 statea1387 disposition1581 natural1633 natural state1653 c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 58 As soone as a membre is brouȝt to his kyndeli disposicioun.] 1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) i. 19 This solitarinesse is profitable and necessary for the disposition of the minde, so verie often is it hurtfull to the health of the bodie. 1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 36 The Pilot, seeing him restored to his disposition, caused [etc.]. Compounds In Philosophy, as disposition-concept, disposition-term, disposition-word. ΚΠ 1936 R. Carnap in Philos. Sci. 3 440 Let us consider the question whether the so-called disposition-concepts can be defined. 1936 R. Carnap in Philos. Sci. 3 448 In the case of a disposition-term, the reduction cannot be replaced by a definition. 1949 G. Ryle Concept of Mind ii. 44 Many disposition-concepts are determinable concepts. 1958 Aspects of Translation 54 One may use the language of linguistic philosophers, and talk about disposition-words. 1965 P. Caws Philos. of Sci. viii. 54 Carnap..restricts the applicability of disposition terms. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1374 |
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