disciplen.

Brit.

/dᵻˈsʌɪpl/, U.S.

/dəˈsaɪp(ə)l/

Forms: Old English discipl- (Northumbrian, inflected form), Old English discipulo (plural, apparently transmission error), Old English discipulus, Old English dyscipulum (dative plural, rare), Old English–Middle English discipul, early Middle English discipulis (dative plural, rare), Middle English decipil, Middle English decipill, Middle English decyple, Middle English descipull, Middle English descypull, Middle English desiple, Middle English diciple, Middle English discipel, Middle English discipil, Middle English discipull, Middle English discipyl, Middle English dysciple, Middle English dyssyple, Middle English dyssypull, Middle English (in a late copy) dysyllpylles (plural, transmission error), Middle English–1500s descyple, Middle English–1500s discyple, Middle English–1500s dissiple, Middle English–1500s dycyple, Middle English–1500s dyscyple, Middle English–1500s dyscypull, Middle English–1600s deciple, Middle English–1600s desciple, Middle English–1600s disiple, Middle English– disciple, 1500s dyscypyl, 1600s–1700s discipile; Scottish pre-1700 dischiple, pre-1700 discipil, pre-1700 discipile, pre-1700 discipill, pre-1700 discippil, pre-1700 dissyple, pre-1700 dyscipill, pre-1700 dysciple, pre-1700 1700s– disciple. N.E.D. (1896) also records forms Middle English descipil, Middle English dissipil.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin discipulus; French disciple.

Etymology: Originally (in Old English) < (i) classical Latin discipulus (see below); subsequently reinforced by (ii) Anglo-Norman desiple, diciple, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French deciple, desciple, disciple, Old French dessiple (French disciple) one of the personal followers of Jesus during his lifetime (a1140), personal follower or pupil of another teacher or leader (c1175; c1370 in specific sense ‘pupil of a philosopher’), pupil, student (13th cent. or earlier), person who follows, or is influenced by, the doctrine or example of another (a1406 in figurative use in disciple de Mars) < classical Latin discipulus learner, pupil, in post-classical Latin also follower of Jesus (both during his lifetime and in the early Church), apostle (Vulgate), of uncertain origin (see note). The Latin noun was also borrowed into other European languages. Compare Old Occitan disciple, discipol, disiple, desiple, Catalan deixeble (14th cent.), Spanish discípulo (c1200), Portuguese discípulo (14th cent. as †discipolo), Italian discepolo (last quarter of the 12th cent. as †desipolo); also Old Frisian discipul pupil of a bishop, Middle Low German discipul pupil, student, follower of Jesus, apprentice.Ulterior etymology of the Latin noun. Classical Latin discipulus was derived by ancient authors (e.g. Varro) from discere ‘to learn’, but this leaves the suffix unexplained. Some modern scholars favour a derivation from an unattested verb *discipere ‘to grasp mentally’ ( < dis- dis- prefix + capere to take, seize: see capture n.); compare disceptare discept v., praeceptor preceptor n. Classical Latin discere may well have been associated with discipulus by popular etymology (compare discussion below of Old English leorningcniht ). Form history. In French, forms range from those showing semi-popular phonological development (e.g. deciple , diciple ) through those showing Latin influence (e.g. desciple ) to disciple , which is fully remodelled after the ulterior Latin etymon. All these types are reflected in English. Semantic development. Unlike in Latin, where discipulus was the usual word for ‘pupil’ or ‘student’, sense 1c has always been relatively rare in English. The English word was originally chiefly used in translations of the New Testament, where it is applied chiefly to the twelve apostles chosen by Jesus (compare sense 1a), but also to followers of John the Baptist (compare quot. c1384 at sense 1b) and to members of the primitive Church (e.g. in Acts; compare quot. a1425 at sense 1d). Senses 1c and 2 probably partly reflect extensions of the religious uses within English, and partly reflect use in French and Latin. Uses in Old English. In Old English a strong masculine, but also used with Latin case inflections, sometimes in a mixed paradigm (e.g. Latin nominative plural discipuli , but vernacular dative plural discipulum ). It is unclear whether the isolated (apparently erroneous) Old English nominative plural form discipulo should be taken to show an Old English or Latin case ending. Although the word is well attested in Old English in some texts, the most frequent word for ‘student, disciple’ in late West Saxon is leorningcniht ( < leorning learning n. + cniht knight n., apparently as a calque on classical Latin discipulus ). In Old English renderings of the New Testament, the Vulgate use of Latin discipulus in sense ‘follower of Christ’ is not usually translated by the loanword; in the West Saxon Gospels the word used is leorningcniht , in the Lindisfarne Gospels gloss it is þegn (see thane n.¹ 1). Compare also the following apparently isolated attestation of Old English discipula ‘female student (of religious life), novice’ ( < classical Latin discipula, feminine form of discipulus):eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. xviii. 236 In þære stowe..heo mynster getimbrode, in þæm seo..cyninges dohtor ærest wæs discipula & leornungmon regollices lifes [L. discipula uitae regularis].

1. A person who follows or attends upon another in order to learn from him or her; a pupil; a follower.Originally and chiefly with reference to the followers of Jesus (sense 1a).

a. One of the personal followers of Jesus during his lifetime; esp. one of the Twelve Apostles.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > Biblical personages > disciple > [noun]

discipleOE

seventyc1535

OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. xxvi. 40 Uenit ad discipulos et inuenit eos dormientes : cwom to ðegnum uel to ðæm disciplum & gemoete hia slepende.

OE Blickling Homilies 233 Ah we syndon discipuli Drih[t]nes Hælendes Cristes þa he geceas.

OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 150 Þu ure hælend Crist, þe behete þinum discipulum,..swa hwæt swa ge biddað eow bið getyðod untwylice ðæs.

OE Homily (Bodl. 340) in D. G. Scragg Vercelli Homilies & Related Texts (1992) 39 Þa com þyder sum rice man.., wæs his nama Iosep. Folgade he ær þam hælende & wæs his discipul [OE Corpus Cambr. 162 discipulus, lOE Corpus Cambr. 303 leornincgcniht].

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 84 He biheold hu hise deciples fluȝen alle from him.

c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 217 To þa bredale was..crist and hise deciples.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 96 Þer he zet..and his deciples [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues disciples] aboute him.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John xix. 38 Joseph of Armathi..was a disciple [L. discipulus] of Jhesu, forsothe priuey, for the drede of Jewis.

?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 188 (MED) Crist..charged alle his apostlis & disciplis to goo & preche þe gospel to alle men.

a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 6 Seynt Ion Baptyst..ȝede to hym, and was his descypull.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 27 Al chrystys dyscypullys & apostyllys were sympul & pore.

1611 Bible (King James) Luke x. (heading) Christ sendeth out, at once, seuenty disciples to worke miracles.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 438 His Disciples, Men who in his Life Still follow'd him.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Mission Jesus Christ gave his Disciples their Mission in these Words, Go, and teach all Nations, &c.

1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. III. 353 An altar-piece representing our Saviour, distributing consecrated wafers to the disciples.

1800 J. Cottle Alfred 67 The scribes and pharisees having..put to death Stephen the proto-martyr, the rest of Christ's disciples were dispersed.

1858 E. H. Sears Athanasia ii. x. 233 He walked to Emmaus with the two unrecognizing disciples.

1911 Catholic Encycl. XI. 749/2 Mark wrote his Gospel..at the request of the Roman Christians, who desired a written memorial of the doctrine preached to them by St. Peter and his disciples.

1955 R. W. Millar tr. H. Daniel-Rops Jesus in His Time 57 Eleven of the disciples were Galileans, the one Judean was Judas.

2010 Church Times 12 Mar. 17/1 When they encountered the risen Christ, the disciples worshipped, but some of them doubted.

b. A personal follower or pupil of another teacher or leader; (in early use esp.) a follower of one of the Twelve Apostles or another Christian leader.Sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > disciple

discipleeOE

followereOE

childOE

scholara1425

lererc1440

discipless1611

acolyte1623

chela1834

eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) v. ix. 410 An ðara broðra, se wæs iu on Breotene Bosles discipul [L. discipulus] & ðegn Gode þæs leofan sacerdes.

OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke Pref. Lucas Syrus..arte medicus, discipulus apostolorum : Lucas ðe syrisca..mið cræfte lece discipul uel larcneht uel fostring ðara postolra.

OE Blickling Homilies 225 Ða heht he [sc. Saint Martin] him ealle his discipulos to, & him sægde þæt he þa forðferan sceolde.

c1300 St. Matthew (Laud) l. 125 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 81 (MED) Ake seint Matheus desciples for-boden heom ech-one Þat huy ne duden no such þing.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke vii. 19 And John clepide to gidere tweyne of his disciplis [L. de discipulis suis], and sente to Jhesu.

c1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Bodl. 902) viii. l. 2942* And gret wel Chaucer whan ye mete, As mi [sc. Venus's] disciple and mi poete.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21199 Lucas was..disciple o paule ai foluand fer.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxi. l. 262 Iosephes..his disciple Pers ful sik him leyd.

a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 209 Ermogines..bade hom goo and bynde Iames and Fylet, his discipull.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Mark ii. f. 23 Certain of Johns disciples..were attached with a spiece of humain enuie.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 474 All the Easterne wise men beleeued the transmigration of spirites..and insinuated so much to their symmists and disciples.

1691 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. 41 The Pythagoreans..taught their Disciples..that they must separate and unwind themselves even from their very Bodies, if they would be good Philosophers.

1756 T. Nugent Grand Tour IV. 90 The cieling..is painted in fresco, by Francesco Romanelli, a disciple of Peter of Cortona.

1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) II. 137 His fellow-citizen, friend, and disciple, the courageous and unfortunate Zeno.

1900 L. Stephen Eng. Utilitarians II. i. 7 Bentham was fanciful, and Mill stern and rigid. No one, however, could be a more devoted disciple.

1957 Sci. & Society 21 320 Goldberg, Bach's disciple, who invents a two-keyboard instrument.

2001 Daily Tel. 18 Jan. 25/2 The moral strenuousness, self-certitude and brusque manner of this Catholic disciple of Wittgenstein.

c. gen. A scholar, a pupil; a student.In later use frequently humorous or with conscious allusion to sense 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > pupil

discipleOE

scholarOE

clerka1425

pupil1531

eleve1736

school student1846

pup1871

OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke vi. 40 Non est discipulus super magistrum, perfectus autem omnis erit sicut magister eius : ne is..discipul [OE West Saxon Gospels: Corpus Cambr. leorningcniht] ofer magistre wisfæst ðonne eghuelc bið..sua laruu his.

c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 765 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 128 It nas neuere riȝt ordre þat þe sone is fader scholde bete, Ne þat desciple beote is maister.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 1167 Ther cam..a gret Phisicien..Ther were of his disciples some.

a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 2150 The maister lesith his tyme to lere Whanne that the disciple wole not here.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. x. sig. Bvii Al thinges seme dyfficyle to the dysciple or scoler.

?1566–7 G. Buchanan Opinion Reformation Univ. St. Andros in Vernacular Writings (1892) 11 Nor ȝit sal it be leful to the said pedagogis to ding thair disciples.

1691 W. Yworth New Art of making Wines vii. 90 I taught several of my Disciples in their Chymical course.

1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. vi. 132 The passionate pedantic Schoolmaster, that lashes his Disciples into Learning.

1758 J. Jortin Life Erasmus I. 321 Lord Mountjoy, who was formerly my disciple, gives me a yearly pension of an hundred crowns.

1894 E. Eggleston Schoolmaster in Comedy & Satire 561 A good tutor..can and will apply himself with diligence and concern and indefatigable patience to effect what he undertakes; to teach his disciples and see what they learn.

1917 F. B. Pearson Reveries of Schoolmaster ix. 58 I instinctively veered away from the Procrustean bed idea, and found some work for my bewhiskered disciple that connected with his native dispositions.

2010 Daily Mail (Nexis) 3 Nov. Nose, length, weight, bouquet, texture—when I go around a vineyard on a tour I am quite the willing disciple.

d. A professed follower of Christ; a committed and practising Christian; (now esp. Christian Church) a person who actively devotes his or her life to following and carrying out Christ's teachings. Cf. discipleship n.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > person > [noun]

christenmaneOE

limbc1000

christenOE

disciplec1325

Christianc1330

member of Christc1384

Nazarenec1384

saintc1384

Nazarite1535

cross-bearera1569

Nasrani1583

Nazaritan1609

Galilean1611

Nasara1792

Xtian1940

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 4783 Pope eleuthery..deciples..hider sende, cristendom to bringe.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Deeds xi. 26 The disciplis [L. discipuli] weren namyd first at Antioche cristen men.

c1475 (?c1400) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 433 (MED) Crist seiþ þat noo man may be his discipul but ȝif he renunce alle siche þingis.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xx. 7 The disciples came to geder for to breake breed.

1607 S. Hieron Life & Death Dorcas in Wks. (1620) I. 384 If a true disciple, a true Christian; if but a formall disciple, surely but a hollow Christian.

1698 W. Chilcot Pract. Treat. Evil Thoughts vi. 162 This will denominate us of the number of Christ's true disciples.

1791 M. De Fleury Divine Poems & Ess. 230 How is it that disciples..continue in the word of Christ, and by so persevering, give evidence of that they are?

1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. 2nd Ser. xix. 244 To the true disciple a miracle only manifests the Power and Love which are silently at work everywhere.

1890 J. Hunter Devot. Services Dedic. Serv. You are gathered here..to take upon yourselves the obligations of Christ's disciples.

1948 R. H. Fuller tr. D. Bonhoeffer Cost of Discipleship xii. 130 The disciple can now perceive that even his enemy is the object of God's love.

2012 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 28 Jan. 12 It doesn't matter if you're a parish priest, archdeacon, bishop or archbishop because the following of Jesus as a disciple is the first priority.

2. A person who follows, or is influenced by, the doctrine or example of another; (later also) an adherent of a particular philosophy, school of thought, etc.In early use chiefly in negative contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [noun] > a pattern or model of conduct > one who follows example or doctrine of another

disciplea1400

progenyc1451

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16636 (MED) Þai spitted on his luueli face, þaa disciplis of hell.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iv. 18 A discipill of Iudas, Maknab, a fals tratour.

1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie iv. vii. 181 To become disciples vnto the most hatefull sort that liue.

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII v. iii. 146 This man, whose honesty the Diuell And his Disciples onely enuy at.

1678 R. L'Estrange tr. Epistles xvii. 121 in Seneca's Morals Abstracted (1679) All these Worthy Men are our Progenitors; if we will but..become their Disciples.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 163. ¶4 I am one of your Disciples, and endeavour to live up to your Rules.

1787 G. Greive tr. F. J. de Chastellux Trav. N.-Amer. I. 369 Those great convulsions so enthusiastically imagined by the disciples of the Buffonic school.

1849 G. P. R. James Woodman II. xv. 286 All who are disciples of St. Hubert, prepare your horses.

1868 M. E. Grant Duff Polit. Surv. 75 M. Pierre Lafitte and his English disciples.

1893 Christian World 16 Nov. 885/3 An advanced Theist, of the school of the late Professor Green, of whom he was a pupil and is a disciple.

1927 Amer. Mercury May 3/2 The disciples of Educational Sociology.

1951 R. Campbell Light on Dark Horse xv. 207 In case I give the idea that I am a sort of vegetarian disciple of Bernard Shaw, I should explain.

2011 New Yorker 21 Nov. 66/3 She is an unembarrassed disciple of a school of history known as experimental archeology—or, as she calls it, ‘dressing up and trying things out’.

3. Usually with capital initial. Chiefly North American. In plural. More fully Disciples of Christ. A Protestant Christian denomination originating among Presbyterians in the United States in the early part of the 19th cent., chiefly distinguished by rejection of any post-biblical creeds and relying on biblical authority alone to test doctrine. Also in singular: a member of this group. Cf. Campbellite n. 1.The name was suggested by one of the founder members, Alexander Campbell of Lexington, Kentucky, in 1832.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Baptists > sects and groups > [noun] > Campbellite

reformer1798

Campbellite1830

Disciples of Christ1832

1832 A. Campbell in Millennial Harbinger (Bethany, Va.) 5 Mar. 136 We who are united in advocating the restoration of primitive christianity, both in faith and practice, do not designate ourselves by, nor ‘retain the name of Christian Baptists’. We profess to be disciples of Jesus Christ.

1834 J. M. Peck Gazetteer Illinois 203 A new sect [was] recently organized by a union of ‘Reformed Baptists’ and ‘Christians’ who call themselves ‘Disciples’.

1835 J. Martin New Gazetteer Virginia 76 The precise distinction between the regular Baptist and the Reformers, called the disciples of Christ, not being in all cases drawn.

1858 J. Gardner Faiths World I. 718/1 The principles of the Disciples have found their way into England and Wales..and the census of 1851 contains a return of three congregations or churches calling themselves by the name of Disciples of Christ.

1922 Continent 14 Sept. 1157/2 The Disciples are in the midst of a campaign for a million new members in five years.

1976 Billings (Montana) Sunday Gaz. 20 June 9 a/5 Carter..told a Disciples of Christ meeting..that God wants each individual to ‘demonstrate the life of Christ’.

1980 Washington Post (Nexis) 25 July a28 Howland said, ‘We are conscious of his (Reagan's) heritage as a Disciple. If he is elected president we would do all we could to welcome him and minister to him and his family.’

2008 M. H. Montgomery in G. Mannion & L. S. Mudge Routledge Compan. Christian Church xii. 226 The Disciples are the most liberal and hence the most likely to engage in broader social issues.

Compounds

General attributive and objective with agent and verbal nouns, as disciple-band, disciple-group, disciple-maker, disciple-making, etc.

ΚΠ

c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 123 (MED) Whan þou lenyst a man for vsurye þe monye þat an-oþer toke þe to kepe, or ȝif þou borwedyst it to lene for encres, þou art a dycyple vsurere.

1823 ‘G. Smith’ Not Paul, but Jesus 392 Apparatus employed by him in his trade of disciple-catcher.

1883 Missionary Observer Feb. 85 Each is a missionary—an evangelist—a disciple-maker—a disciple-baptizer, and a trainer of disciples in the knowledge of Christ's will and the doing of Christ's work.

1897 W. R. Nicoll Expositor's Greek Test. I. 30 At various points in this division of the Gospel the disciple-band is referred to in a way to indicate that they are assuming a new importance to the mind of Jesus.

1911 W. A. Grist Hist. Christ iv. 449 Jesus perceived his incorrigible baseness and desired him to leave the disciple-group.

1988 Jrnl. Pacific Hist. 23 199 Bellona was soon closed to disciple hunters because of its inhabitants' ‘suspicion of outsiders and the consequent likelihood of violence’.

2010 BusinessWorld (Phillipines) (Nexis) 4 Oct. s3/4 They have a vision for leadership development and disciple-making.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	disciple
释义	disciplen. Brit. /dᵻˈsʌɪpl/, U.S. /dəˈsaɪp(ə)l/ Forms: Old English discipl- (Northumbrian, inflected form), Old English discipulo (plural, apparently transmission error), Old English discipulus, Old English dyscipulum (dative plural, rare), Old English–Middle English discipul, early Middle English discipulis (dative plural, rare), Middle English decipil, Middle English decipill, Middle English decyple, Middle English descipull, Middle English descypull, Middle English desiple, Middle English diciple, Middle English discipel, Middle English discipil, Middle English discipull, Middle English discipyl, Middle English dysciple, Middle English dyssyple, Middle English dyssypull, Middle English (in a late copy) dysyllpylles (plural, transmission error), Middle English–1500s descyple, Middle English–1500s discyple, Middle English–1500s dissiple, Middle English–1500s dycyple, Middle English–1500s dyscyple, Middle English–1500s dyscypull, Middle English–1600s deciple, Middle English–1600s desciple, Middle English–1600s disiple, Middle English– disciple, 1500s dyscypyl, 1600s–1700s discipile; Scottish pre-1700 dischiple, pre-1700 discipil, pre-1700 discipile, pre-1700 discipill, pre-1700 discippil, pre-1700 dissyple, pre-1700 dyscipill, pre-1700 dysciple, pre-1700 1700s– disciple. N.E.D. (1896) also records forms Middle English descipil, Middle English dissipil. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin discipulus; French disciple. Etymology: Originally (in Old English) < (i) classical Latin discipulus (see below); subsequently reinforced by (ii) Anglo-Norman desiple, diciple, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French deciple, desciple, disciple, Old French dessiple (French disciple) one of the personal followers of Jesus during his lifetime (a1140), personal follower or pupil of another teacher or leader (c1175; c1370 in specific sense ‘pupil of a philosopher’), pupil, student (13th cent. or earlier), person who follows, or is influenced by, the doctrine or example of another (a1406 in figurative use in disciple de Mars) < classical Latin discipulus learner, pupil, in post-classical Latin also follower of Jesus (both during his lifetime and in the early Church), apostle (Vulgate), of uncertain origin (see note). The Latin noun was also borrowed into other European languages. Compare Old Occitan disciple, discipol, disiple, desiple, Catalan deixeble (14th cent.), Spanish discípulo (c1200), Portuguese discípulo (14th cent. as †discipolo), Italian discepolo (last quarter of the 12th cent. as †desipolo); also Old Frisian discipul pupil of a bishop, Middle Low German discipul pupil, student, follower of Jesus, apprentice.Ulterior etymology of the Latin noun. Classical Latin discipulus was derived by ancient authors (e.g. Varro) from discere ‘to learn’, but this leaves the suffix unexplained. Some modern scholars favour a derivation from an unattested verb discipere ‘to grasp mentally’ ( < dis-* dis- prefix + capere to take, seize: see capture n.); compare disceptare discept v., praeceptor preceptor n. Classical Latin discere may well have been associated with discipulus by popular etymology (compare discussion below of Old English leorningcniht ). Form history. In French, forms range from those showing semi-popular phonological development (e.g. deciple , diciple ) through those showing Latin influence (e.g. desciple ) to disciple , which is fully remodelled after the ulterior Latin etymon. All these types are reflected in English. Semantic development. Unlike in Latin, where discipulus was the usual word for ‘pupil’ or ‘student’, sense 1c has always been relatively rare in English. The English word was originally chiefly used in translations of the New Testament, where it is applied chiefly to the twelve apostles chosen by Jesus (compare sense 1a), but also to followers of John the Baptist (compare quot. c1384 at sense 1b) and to members of the primitive Church (e.g. in Acts; compare quot. a1425 at sense 1d). Senses 1c and 2 probably partly reflect extensions of the religious uses within English, and partly reflect use in French and Latin. Uses in Old English. In Old English a strong masculine, but also used with Latin case inflections, sometimes in a mixed paradigm (e.g. Latin nominative plural discipuli , but vernacular dative plural discipulum ). It is unclear whether the isolated (apparently erroneous) Old English nominative plural form discipulo should be taken to show an Old English or Latin case ending. Although the word is well attested in Old English in some texts, the most frequent word for ‘student, disciple’ in late West Saxon is leorningcniht ( < leorning learning n. + cniht knight n., apparently as a calque on classical Latin discipulus ). In Old English renderings of the New Testament, the Vulgate use of Latin discipulus in sense ‘follower of Christ’ is not usually translated by the loanword; in the West Saxon Gospels the word used is leorningcniht , in the Lindisfarne Gospels gloss it is þegn (see thane n.¹ 1). Compare also the following apparently isolated attestation of Old English discipula ‘female student (of religious life), novice’ ( < classical Latin discipula, feminine form of discipulus):eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. xviii. 236 In þære stowe..heo mynster getimbrode, in þæm seo..cyninges dohtor ærest wæs discipula & leornungmon regollices lifes [L. discipula uitae regularis]. 1. A person who follows or attends upon another in order to learn from him or her; a pupil; a follower.Originally and chiefly with reference to the followers of Jesus (sense 1a). a. One of the personal followers of Jesus during his lifetime; esp. one of the Twelve Apostles. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > Biblical personages > disciple > [noun] discipleOE seventyc1535 OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. xxvi. 40 Uenit ad discipulos et inuenit eos dormientes : cwom to ðegnum uel to ðæm disciplum & gemoete hia slepende. OE Blickling Homilies 233 Ah we syndon discipuli Drih[t]nes Hælendes Cristes þa he geceas. OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 150 Þu ure hælend Crist, þe behete þinum discipulum,..swa hwæt swa ge biddað eow bið getyðod untwylice ðæs. OE Homily (Bodl. 340) in D. G. Scragg Vercelli Homilies & Related Texts (1992) 39 Þa com þyder sum rice man.., wæs his nama Iosep. Folgade he ær þam hælende & wæs his discipul [OE Corpus Cambr. 162 discipulus, lOE Corpus Cambr. 303 leornincgcniht]. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 84 He biheold hu hise deciples fluȝen alle from him. c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 217 To þa bredale was..crist and hise deciples. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 96 Þer he zet..and his deciples [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues disciples] aboute him. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John xix. 38 Joseph of Armathi..was a disciple [L. discipulus] of Jhesu, forsothe priuey, for the drede of Jewis. ?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 188 (MED) Crist..charged alle his apostlis & disciplis to goo & preche þe gospel to alle men. a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 6 Seynt Ion Baptyst..ȝede to hym, and was his descypull. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 27 Al chrystys dyscypullys & apostyllys were sympul & pore. 1611 Bible (King James) Luke x. (heading) Christ sendeth out, at once, seuenty disciples to worke miracles. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 438 His Disciples, Men who in his Life Still follow'd him. View more context for this quotation 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Mission Jesus Christ gave his Disciples their Mission in these Words, Go, and teach all Nations, &c. 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. III. 353 An altar-piece representing our Saviour, distributing consecrated wafers to the disciples. 1800 J. Cottle Alfred 67 The scribes and pharisees having..put to death Stephen the proto-martyr, the rest of Christ's disciples were dispersed. 1858 E. H. Sears Athanasia ii. x. 233 He walked to Emmaus with the two unrecognizing disciples. 1911 Catholic Encycl. XI. 749/2 Mark wrote his Gospel..at the request of the Roman Christians, who desired a written memorial of the doctrine preached to them by St. Peter and his disciples. 1955 R. W. Millar tr. H. Daniel-Rops Jesus in His Time 57 Eleven of the disciples were Galileans, the one Judean was Judas. 2010 Church Times 12 Mar. 17/1 When they encountered the risen Christ, the disciples worshipped, but some of them doubted. b. A personal follower or pupil of another teacher or leader; (in early use esp.) a follower of one of the Twelve Apostles or another Christian leader.Sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 2. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > disciple discipleeOE followereOE childOE scholara1425 lererc1440 discipless1611 acolyte1623 chela1834 eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) v. ix. 410 An ðara broðra, se wæs iu on Breotene Bosles discipul [L. discipulus] & ðegn Gode þæs leofan sacerdes. OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke Pref. Lucas Syrus..arte medicus, discipulus apostolorum : Lucas ðe syrisca..mið cræfte lece discipul uel larcneht uel fostring ðara postolra. OE Blickling Homilies 225 Ða heht he [sc. Saint Martin] him ealle his discipulos to, & him sægde þæt he þa forðferan sceolde. c1300 St. Matthew (Laud) l. 125 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 81 (MED) Ake seint Matheus desciples for-boden heom ech-one Þat huy ne duden no such þing. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke vii. 19 And John clepide to gidere tweyne of his disciplis [L. de discipulis suis], and sente to Jhesu. c1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Bodl. 902) viii. l. 2942* And gret wel Chaucer whan ye mete, As mi [sc. Venus's] disciple and mi poete. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21199 Lucas was..disciple o paule ai foluand fer. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxi. l. 262 Iosephes..his disciple Pers ful sik him leyd. a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 209 Ermogines..bade hom goo and bynde Iames and Fylet, his discipull. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Mark ii. f. 23 Certain of Johns disciples..were attached with a spiece of humain enuie. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 474 All the Easterne wise men beleeued the transmigration of spirites..and insinuated so much to their symmists and disciples. 1691 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. 41 The Pythagoreans..taught their Disciples..that they must separate and unwind themselves even from their very Bodies, if they would be good Philosophers. 1756 T. Nugent Grand Tour IV. 90 The cieling..is painted in fresco, by Francesco Romanelli, a disciple of Peter of Cortona. 1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) II. 137 His fellow-citizen, friend, and disciple, the courageous and unfortunate Zeno. 1900 L. Stephen Eng. Utilitarians II. i. 7 Bentham was fanciful, and Mill stern and rigid. No one, however, could be a more devoted disciple. 1957 Sci. & Society 21 320 Goldberg, Bach's disciple, who invents a two-keyboard instrument. 2001 Daily Tel. 18 Jan. 25/2 The moral strenuousness, self-certitude and brusque manner of this Catholic disciple of Wittgenstein. c. gen. A scholar, a pupil; a student.In later use frequently humorous or with conscious allusion to sense 1b. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > pupil discipleOE scholarOE clerka1425 pupil1531 eleve1736 school student1846 pup1871 OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke vi. 40 Non est discipulus super magistrum, perfectus autem omnis erit sicut magister eius : ne is..discipul [OE West Saxon Gospels: Corpus Cambr. leorningcniht] ofer magistre wisfæst ðonne eghuelc bið..sua laruu his. c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 765 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 128 It nas neuere riȝt ordre þat þe sone is fader scholde bete, Ne þat desciple beote is maister. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 1167 Ther cam..a gret Phisicien..Ther were of his disciples some. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 2150 The maister lesith his tyme to lere Whanne that the disciple wole not here. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. x. sig. Bvii Al thinges seme dyfficyle to the dysciple or scoler. ?1566–7 G. Buchanan Opinion Reformation Univ. St. Andros in Vernacular Writings (1892) 11 Nor ȝit sal it be leful to the said pedagogis to ding thair disciples. 1691 W. Yworth New Art of making Wines vii. 90 I taught several of my Disciples in their Chymical course. 1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. vi. 132 The passionate pedantic Schoolmaster, that lashes his Disciples into Learning. 1758 J. Jortin Life Erasmus I. 321 Lord Mountjoy, who was formerly my disciple, gives me a yearly pension of an hundred crowns. 1894 E. Eggleston Schoolmaster in Comedy & Satire 561 A good tutor..can and will apply himself with diligence and concern and indefatigable patience to effect what he undertakes; to teach his disciples and see what they learn. 1917 F. B. Pearson Reveries of Schoolmaster ix. 58 I instinctively veered away from the Procrustean bed idea, and found some work for my bewhiskered disciple that connected with his native dispositions. 2010 Daily Mail (Nexis) 3 Nov. Nose, length, weight, bouquet, texture—when I go around a vineyard on a tour I am quite the willing disciple. d. A professed follower of Christ; a committed and practising Christian; (now esp. Christian Church) a person who actively devotes his or her life to following and carrying out Christ's teachings. Cf. discipleship n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > person > [noun] christenmaneOE limbc1000 christenOE disciplec1325 Christianc1330 member of Christc1384 Nazarenec1384 saintc1384 Nazarite1535 cross-bearera1569 Nasrani1583 Nazaritan1609 Galilean1611 Nasara1792 Xtian1940 c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 4783 Pope eleuthery..deciples..hider sende, cristendom to bringe. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Deeds xi. 26 The disciplis [L. discipuli] weren namyd first at Antioche cristen men. c1475 (?c1400) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 433 (MED) Crist seiþ þat noo man may be his discipul but ȝif he renunce alle siche þingis. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xx. 7 The disciples came to geder for to breake breed. 1607 S. Hieron Life & Death Dorcas in Wks. (1620) I. 384 If a true disciple, a true Christian; if but a formall disciple, surely but a hollow Christian. 1698 W. Chilcot Pract. Treat. Evil Thoughts vi. 162 This will denominate us of the number of Christ's true disciples. 1791 M. De Fleury Divine Poems & Ess. 230 How is it that disciples..continue in the word of Christ, and by so persevering, give evidence of that they are? 1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. 2nd Ser. xix. 244 To the true disciple a miracle only manifests the Power and Love which are silently at work everywhere. 1890 J. Hunter Devot. Services Dedic. Serv. You are gathered here..to take upon yourselves the obligations of Christ's disciples. 1948 R. H. Fuller tr. D. Bonhoeffer Cost of Discipleship xii. 130 The disciple can now perceive that even his enemy is the object of God's love. 2012 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 28 Jan. 12 It doesn't matter if you're a parish priest, archdeacon, bishop or archbishop because the following of Jesus as a disciple is the first priority. 2. A person who follows, or is influenced by, the doctrine or example of another; (later also) an adherent of a particular philosophy, school of thought, etc.In early use chiefly in negative contexts. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [noun] > a pattern or model of conduct > one who follows example or doctrine of another disciplea1400 progenyc1451 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16636 (MED) Þai spitted on his luueli face, þaa disciplis of hell. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iv. 18 A discipill of Iudas, Maknab, a fals tratour. 1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie iv. vii. 181 To become disciples vnto the most hatefull sort that liue. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII v. iii. 146 This man, whose honesty the Diuell And his Disciples onely enuy at. View more context for this quotation 1678 R. L'Estrange tr. Epistles xvii. 121 in Seneca's Morals Abstracted (1679) All these Worthy Men are our Progenitors; if we will but..become their Disciples. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 163. ¶4 I am one of your Disciples, and endeavour to live up to your Rules. 1787 G. Greive tr. F. J. de Chastellux Trav. N.-Amer. I. 369 Those great convulsions so enthusiastically imagined by the disciples of the Buffonic school. 1849 G. P. R. James Woodman II. xv. 286 All who are disciples of St. Hubert, prepare your horses. 1868 M. E. Grant Duff Polit. Surv. 75 M. Pierre Lafitte and his English disciples. 1893 Christian World 16 Nov. 885/3 An advanced Theist, of the school of the late Professor Green, of whom he was a pupil and is a disciple. 1927 Amer. Mercury May 3/2 The disciples of Educational Sociology. 1951 R. Campbell Light on Dark Horse xv. 207 In case I give the idea that I am a sort of vegetarian disciple of Bernard Shaw, I should explain. 2011 New Yorker 21 Nov. 66/3 She is an unembarrassed disciple of a school of history known as experimental archeology—or, as she calls it, ‘dressing up and trying things out’. 3. Usually with capital initial. Chiefly North American. In plural. More fully Disciples of Christ. A Protestant Christian denomination originating among Presbyterians in the United States in the early part of the 19th cent., chiefly distinguished by rejection of any post-biblical creeds and relying on biblical authority alone to test doctrine. Also in singular: a member of this group. Cf. Campbellite n. 1.The name was suggested by one of the founder members, Alexander Campbell of Lexington, Kentucky, in 1832. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Baptists > sects and groups > [noun] > Campbellite reformer1798 Campbellite1830 Disciples of Christ1832 1832 A. Campbell in Millennial Harbinger (Bethany, Va.) 5 Mar. 136 We who are united in advocating the restoration of primitive christianity, both in faith and practice, do not designate ourselves by, nor ‘retain the name of Christian Baptists’. We profess to be disciples of Jesus Christ. 1834 J. M. Peck Gazetteer Illinois 203 A new sect [was] recently organized by a union of ‘Reformed Baptists’ and ‘Christians’ who call themselves ‘Disciples’. 1835 J. Martin New Gazetteer Virginia 76 The precise distinction between the regular Baptist and the Reformers, called the disciples of Christ, not being in all cases drawn. 1858 J. Gardner Faiths World I. 718/1 The principles of the Disciples have found their way into England and Wales..and the census of 1851 contains a return of three congregations or churches calling themselves by the name of Disciples of Christ. 1922 Continent 14 Sept. 1157/2 The Disciples are in the midst of a campaign for a million new members in five years. 1976 Billings (Montana) Sunday Gaz. 20 June 9 a/5 Carter..told a Disciples of Christ meeting..that God wants each individual to ‘demonstrate the life of Christ’. 1980 Washington Post (Nexis) 25 July a28 Howland said, ‘We are conscious of his (Reagan's) heritage as a Disciple. If he is elected president we would do all we could to welcome him and minister to him and his family.’ 2008 M. H. Montgomery in G. Mannion & L. S. Mudge Routledge Compan. Christian Church xii. 226 The Disciples are the most liberal and hence the most likely to engage in broader social issues. Compounds General attributive and objective with agent and verbal nouns, as disciple-band, disciple-group, disciple-maker, disciple-making, etc. ΚΠ c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 123 (MED) Whan þou lenyst a man for vsurye þe monye þat an-oþer toke þe to kepe, or ȝif þou borwedyst it to lene for encres, þou art a dycyple vsurere. 1823 ‘G. Smith’ Not Paul, but Jesus 392 Apparatus employed by him in his trade of disciple-catcher. 1883 Missionary Observer Feb. 85 Each is a missionary—an evangelist—a disciple-maker—a disciple-baptizer, and a trainer of disciples in the knowledge of Christ's will and the doing of Christ's work. 1897 W. R. Nicoll Expositor's Greek Test. I. 30 At various points in this division of the Gospel the disciple-band is referred to in a way to indicate that they are assuming a new importance to the mind of Jesus. 1911 W. A. Grist Hist. Christ iv. 449 Jesus perceived his incorrigible baseness and desired him to leave the disciple-group. 1988 Jrnl. Pacific Hist. 23 199 Bellona was soon closed to disciple hunters because of its inhabitants' ‘suspicion of outsiders and the consequent likelihood of violence’. 2010 BusinessWorld (Phillipines) (Nexis) 4 Oct. s3/4 They have a vision for leadership development and disciple-making. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). disciplev. Brit. /dᵻˈsʌɪpl/, U.S. /dəˈsaɪp(ə)l/ Forms: see disciple n. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: disciple n. Etymology: < disciple n.In sense 3 frequently with allusion to Matthew 28:19: ‘Go ye therefore, and make disciples of all the nations’ (Revised Version), rendering Hellenistic Greek μαθητεύειν. Compare discipulize v. In early use, the position of stress apparently varied between the first syllable (as in quot. 1596 at sense 1) and the second syllable. †1. transitive. To teach, train, educate. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > [verb (transitive)] > inflict disciplinary or corrective punishment thewc1175 castea1200 chaste?c1225 amendc1300 chastyc1320 chastise1362 corrigec1374 correct1377 scourgec1384 disple1492 orderc1515 nurturec1520 chasten1526 whip1530 discipline1557 school1559 swinge1560 penance1580 disciple1596 castigatea1616 to serve out1829 society > education > teaching > training > train [verb (transitive)] to teach of1297 exercec1374 informc1384 schoolc1456 break1474 instruct1510 nuzzle1519 train1531 train1542 frame1547 experience?c1550 to trade up1556 disciplinea1586 disciple1596 nursle1596 accommodate1640 educate1643 model1665 form1711 to break in1785 scholar1807 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. Proem i. sig. A2 Fraile youth is oft to follie led..That better were in vertues discipled . View more context for this quotation †2. transitive (in passive). To acquire or have a disciple or disciples. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. ii. 28 He did looke farre Into the seruice of the time, and was Discipled of the brauest. View more context for this quotation 3. transitive. To make (a person) into a disciple or follower; (originally and chiefly) to convert (a person) to Christianity; to cause to become a professed follower of Christ (cf. disciple n. 1d); (also) to cause to become an adherent of any doctrine, school of thought, etc. (cf. disciple n. 2). Also intransitive. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > school of thought > acknowledge belief [verb (transitive)] > win over infecta1387 reduce1546 disciple1645 discipulize1652 to get over1656 convert1814 1645 P. Hobson Fallacy Infants Baptisme Discovered 11 They that were to be Baptized, were such as must first be Taught, and Discipled, and being Beleevers, must be Baptized. 1655 W. Nicholson Plain Expos. Catech. 182 Go and disciple all nations: preach the Gospell to every creature. 1662 E. Hickeringill Wks. (1716) I. 303 This lip Religion is so cheap and easie to be come by, that every hypocrite can afford to disciple himself thereunto. a1711 T. Ken Wks. (1721) I. 179 Go out with Zeal, Disciple all Mankind. 1756 J. Dove Ess. on Inspiration 141 A school-master, who intends to instruct his scholars, to farm their manners, to disciple them; he gives them rules, instructions, and doctrines. 1827 11th Ann. Rep. Directors Amer. Educ. Soc. 45 He who commands us to disciple all nations. 1862 J. M. Neale Hymns Eastern Church 36 That every race beneath the skies They should disciple and baptize. 1902 Educ. Rev. 23 1 The latter have as their aim the perpetuation of a certain way of looking at things current among a given body of persons. Their purpose is to disciple rather than to discipline. 1911 N.Y. Observer 1 Feb. 131/1 His command to disciple all nations is the Categorical imperative of Christian service. 2011 C. Lynn DNA of Disciple iii. 23 All of us rely on our strengths, callings, and anointing to disciple people. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.eOEv.1596
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disciplen.

Compounds

disciplev.