| 释义 |
alliancen. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French alliance. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman alliaunce, aliaunce, Anglo-Norman, Old French and Middle French aliance, alliance, alyance, allyance, Middle French alleance (French alliance ) agreement, treaty (mid 12th cent. with reference to God's covenant with his people), bond of love or friendship (c1170), connection between two families through marriage (13th cent.), treaty between two states (13th cent.), party, faction (1307 or earlier), group of people with something in common (1477), allied force (a1491) < alier ally v. + -ance -ance suffix. Compare post-classical Latin alligantia faction, group of allies or dependants (from 13th cent. in British sources), bond, obligation, marriage tie, confederation, conspiracy (frequently from 14th cent. in British sources; also in continental sources) < classical Latin alligant- , alligāns , present participle of alligāre alligate v. + -ia -ia suffix1.In α. forms perhaps influenced by French enloiance obligation, bond (13th cent. in Old French), either an alteration (with suffix substitution: compare en- en- prefix1) of aliance , or perhaps formed independently < Old French, Middle French enlier to bind together ( < en- + lier to bind: see lié adj.2) + -ance -ance suffix. Metrical evidence suggests stress on the initial syllable (sometimes with secondary stress on the final) in the Middle English period, and there is still evidence of variation between this and the current penultimate stress in the early 17th cent. (e.g. in the works of Shakespeare); the earlier pattern is still occasionally recorded in the 18th cent. With sense 2 compare later alliant n. In sense 4d after French alliance, first used in this sense by J. Braun-Blanquet & J. Pavillard in Vocabulaire de sociol. végétale (ed. 2, 1925) 20 (in the passage translated in quot. 1930 at sense 4d), itself apparently after German Verband, specific use of a noun denoting a group, especially one of people or things united by a similarity of nature or character. society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [noun] > blood-relationship society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > [noun] > union in c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) 277 (MED) He bigan to loue brut so muche..Þat he wilnede mest of alle þing to him eliance [c1425 Harl. enlyance]. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) viii. l. 139 Which of Sibrede in alliance For evere kepten thilke usance. c1425 (c1300) (Harl.) 295 Vor Emme..he sende ofte ys sonde, To spouse hyre..Þat he myȝte, þoru alyance, eny help vndergo. c1430 (c1370) G. Chaucer (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1878) l. 58 He vouchede saf..Be come a man as for oure alliance [?a1450 Hunterian allyaunce, c1450 Cambr. Ff.5.30 alliaunce, ?c1450 Pepys 2006(1) aliaunce, ?c1450 Pepys 2006(2) aliance]. 1469 J. Paston in (2004) I. 544 Consyderyng the alyans betwyx yow. 1481 W. Caxton tr. ii. viii. sig. f. 6 Mariages and Alyaunces that they doo and make wyth the sarasyns. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus II. Heb. ii. f. iiii Ioyned vnto hym with so streighte a bonde of alyaunce or consanguinitie. 1606 G. W. tr. Justinus xxxix. f. 125v There was also the bonde of aliance to withhold him from doing such a wickednesse. For..she was his Cosen German. 1668 J. Owen xii. 143 Any person of his Posterity, whether in a nearer or further alliance, to, or from the Reigning Line. 1702 I. Pref. p. xviii The Allyance was undeniable; there were Children born of it. 1772 M. Turner Let. 29 Sept. in F. Mason (1968) 277 I make no doubt but she will make you happy and that ye alliance will be beneficial to you in Business. 1844 T. J. Farnham 367 The matrimonial alliance formed, the suitor presents his lady love with a jug. 1866 3 Feb. 754/1 They..considered friendship as so sacred an alliance, that it differed but little from alliance by blood. 1937 R. K. Narayan x. 142 No one can have a greater regret at missing an alliance with your family than I. 1999 J. M. Moore ii. 38 A good alliance between prominent families ensured status retention. 2002 15 Sept. (Matrimonials section) 1/8 Garhwali alliance invited for Chamoli Garhwal Brahmin boy. †2. the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > people united by kinship or friendship society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] > ally > collectively society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > relations or kindred > [noun] > relations and friends a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) ii. l. 1184 Thilke alliance, Be whom the tresoun was compassed. ?a1425 (c1400) (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 129 Accorded be here frendes or be sum of here alliance. c1540 (?a1400) (2002) f. 172v Antenor also was abill of ffryndes Large of aliaunce. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus I. Mark vi. f. 4 His alyance, kinnesmen, and famyliares. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. i. 43 Therefore let our Alliance be combin'd. View more context for this quotation a1630 D. Hume (1644) 368 Oliphant was of his alliance..having married Margaret Douglas, daughter to William of Loghleven. 1655 W. Gouge & T. Gouge (xi. 15) iii. 58 This Country..where their kindred, alliance, and other friends were. 1765 ii. 57 Our heavenly derived pedigree, our descent, alliance and kindred. society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > [noun] society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] > ally c1475 (?c1451) (Royal) (1860) 3 (MED) Alle ye lovyng liege men, bothe your noble alliaunces and frendis, levithe suche idille lamentacions. 1536–7 in J. Raine (1890) 90/1 To Thos. Hugaite, my allyaunce, my best doublet. 1586 J. Ferne To Innes of Court, sig. Aivv A worshipfull friend and allyance of mine. 1654 J. Ussher (1658) vii. 801 He requested that..he would give him leave to see again his alliances. 1657 J. Beale 22 My dear alliance, Mr. Thomas Taylor, was owner of it many yeares. 1785 W. Paley (Dublin ed.) I. iii. xxiii. 259 Mankind..leaving the reduced branches of good families to the bounty of their wealthy alliances. 3. society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > [noun] society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [noun] > alliance or confederacy ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) ii. 278 (MED) For þe comon prow, To France suld he go..to procure an aliance. ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iv. pr. vi. l. 4074 Þer nis none alyaunce bytwixe good[e] folke and shrewes. ?a1425 (c1400) (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 129 To breke the alliance & the acord. 1477 Earl Rivers tr. (Caxton) (1877) lf. 53v Him that hath made eny aliaunce or promesse with his ennemyes. 1519 Sir T. Boleyn Let. 14 Mar. in H. Ellis (1824) I. 148 The unfeyned amytie and aliance that is established betwixt you. a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun (Royal) vii. 1724 In fermely festnyd alyawns To the Kyng. 1612 W. Shute tr. T. de Fougasses ii. 12 They might easily..distract him from the alliance with the French King. 1682 mdcclxvii/1 An Offensive and Defensive Alliance is concluded between the French King and the Duke of Savoy. 1728 25 Jan. 28 His Imperial Majesty being in Alliance with Russia, he could not see them attacked without interesting himself in their Defence. 1781 E. Gibbon II. xlv. 707 The peace and alliance of the two empires were faithfully maintained. 1815 Duke of Wellington (1838) XII. 282 A treaty of alliance which I have signed with the Ministers of the Emperors of Austria and Russia. 1844 87 We may congratulate ourselves in not being, as a Church, in alliance with such a Legislature. 1930 8 Nov. 844/2 Do they portend a military alliance against France between a Fascist Italy and a Fascist Germany? 1959 B. North & R. North tr. M. Duverger (ed. 2) ii. ii. 342 Finally we must consider a form of alliance that is less common..: the meeting of extremes. 1997 1 Dec. 122/1 (advt.) Newark flights operate in alliance with Continental Airlines. 2010 Jan. 102/3 Prompting an improbable alliance of school reformers, volunteers,..and agricultural concerns..to insert its values into the schools. society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a company or body of persons > [noun] > other specific types of company society > authority > rule or government > politics > Irish politics > [noun] > parties 1703 Memoir 15 Nov. in (1924) II. 229 The English suffered more in proportion than this country [sc. Ireland] for that they kept up 50,000 men or more abroad beside..money to support the Alliance. 1708 J. Addison 20 The Grand Alliance have innumerable Sources of Recruits..in Britain and Ireland. 1834 3 June England stands..every day more and more distant from the Holy Alliance, with its insults, its interferences, its tyranny, its terrorising. 1862 J. Skelton ix. 417 Hitherto we had diplomatically and passively resisted the Alliance. 1883 17 Oct. 5/2 The step which the United Kingdom Alliance wants Parliament to take is on their own showing a momentous one. 1890 Nov. 528 The demand of the Farmers' Alliance for the paternalistic, government pawnshop. 1973 C. Mullard iii. viii. 91 Progressive, power-demanding groups like the Black People's Alliance. 2004 30 May iv. 9/4 The guerrillas and the Northern Alliance are nice and easy-going. society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > a party > [noun] > a combination of parties 1963 23 May 10/3 The M.C.A., together with..the Malayan Indian Congress, supports the Alliance Government. 1977 14 Feb. 11/6 Alliance councillor Mrs. Muriel Pritchard has appealed to candidates in the May local government elections not to stick posters on public property. 1981 1 Oct. 5/8 As the Social Democratic Alliance had decided to support an organization opposing Labour MPs, the Alliance was now ineligible for affiliation to the party. 1997 B. H. Easton xi. 199 The successful protest against the privatisation of the Ports of Auckland was led by..Pam Corkery, who in 1996 became an Alliance MP. 2005 R. Douglas xix. 291 The Alliance leaders concocted a Manifesto entitled Working Together for Britain. 4. the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] > affinity or closeness a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville (Vitell.) l. 7696 (MED) Sobyrnesse with attempraunce Haueth alway allyaunce [Fr. de temperance est partie]. 1573 R. Lever iv. xxvii. 232 So shall ye knowe what generall respecte or alliaunce your prouing terme muste beare to the foresette and backeset of the question. 1629 T. Jackson ii. 160 (heading) Of the affinitie or allyance which Fates had to..Fortune or chance in the opinion of Heathen writers. 1754 Bp. T. Sherlock (1759) I. iv. 153 Corrupt Principles..have no Alliance with Reason. 1833 I. Taylor x. 451 The ordinary alliance of the moral sentiments with the imagination. 1851 H. L. Mansel Pref. p. vi The alliance established of old between Logic and Metaphysics. 1913 E. Gordon iv. 134 The alliance between athletics and the alcohol-free life. 2007 C. Pickstock in vi. 107 He indicates a certain alliance of love with time and becoming. the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] > a kind, sort, or class > according to quality 1674 W. Bates xvii. 337 Not only the gross act, but all things of the same alliance are forbidden; not only Murder, but rash Anger. 1677 R. Gilpin i. v. 30 This word is ranked with others, (as being of the same alliance). 1763 J. Hill V. 12 Let it only be remembered on this and all other occasions, that the greater alliances of Plants, as Classes, take in only their greatest Characters, not all of them. 1864 H. Doherty I. 122 There are several varieties of the animal or physical man, and that is all we have to consider in arranging the different alliances of the mammalian class. 1909 E. L. Greene v. 175 The polytheistic ancients had held that the different alliances of cultivated plants and trees were each the creation of some beneficent particular divinity. 2010 A. O. Lunde 6 For Dyer, the English, Scandinavians, and Germans comprise an alliance of three groups that conflate into an idealized and essentially unified Northern European whiteness. the world > plants > variety or species > [noun] > types of the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [noun] > group higher than order or of no fixed grade 1835 J. Lindley 41 The Natural System consists of species disposed in genera, genera in orders, orders in alliances, alliances in groups, [etc.]. 1866 J. Balfour in J. Lindley & T. Moore 267 A natural order of dicotyledons, characterizing Lindley's chenopodal alliance. 1873 Mar. 183 The last order of the cucurbital alliance..will, for the most part, comprehend those interesting plants known to us almost exclusively as garden specimens, namely, Begonias. 1918 18 233 Lindley arranged families into alliances, terminating uniformly in -ales... His system was used for some time in England. a1933 J. A. Thomson (1934) II. 1172 To the same alliance belongs the Goosefoot family, Chenopodiaceae, which includes many rank weeds, the goosefoots, the beets, and..the oraches. the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [noun] > community or association 1930 F. R. Bharucha tr. J. Braun-Blanquet & J. Pavillard 21 The associations (and fragments of associations) which show floristic and sociological affinities between themselves, form an ‘Alliance’ or a group of associations. 1961 H. C. Hanson & E. D. Churchill vi. 179 These attributes..have been used to make a hierarchical system of classification, including the association with its subdivisions and variants to alliance, order, and class. 1981 44 52/2 The Myrtillion alliance..is found at deeper snow cover and is particularly well developed on sloping ground. 2005 E. van der Maarel i. 23 The European Vegetation Survey has recently resulted in a survey of 928 phytosociological alliances in 80 classes. society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > [noun] c1571 E. Campion (1963) ii. i. 66 The subjectes whome they had scholed to breake allyance toward the kinge of Leynster. 1681 Bp. G. Burnet (ed. 2) I. iii. 181 The Bishops did all renew their Alliance [1679 Allegeance] to the King. 1799 W. Scott tr. J. W. von Goethe ii. 75 You have pledged your alliance to a traitor to the Emperor. 1892 C. W. C. Oman 314 He shifted his alliance from one to the other with..levity and suddenness. 1909 Aug. 11/1 Old customers..transfer their alliance to other firms. 2008 A. H. Cordesman 31 At least three brigades are known to have pledged alliance to this group. Compounds C1. 1856 June 186 A convention not confined to Alliance members, but open to whomsoever of the faithful in Christ would come. 1891 28 Nov. 724/2 No matter how the Alliance leaders may view this matter, they can not but see that their party..has lost its hold. 1898 1 Sept. 474 Prince Bismarck was afraid of the alliance-making possibilities of a monarchical restoration in France. 1905 1 Apr. 620/1 The text of the alliance agreement between Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was made public. 1939 26 May 3/5 Japan would..be a much better alliance partner if she had her affairs in the east straightened out. 1943 15 Oct. 10/4 The puppet Philippine Republic government had signed an alliance pact providing that the occupied islands..will support Japan in the present war. 1961 15 233/2 The process of alliance-building and of competitive armament began. 1970 D. G. Mandelbaum I. xiv. 249 Alliance leaders..would prefer that..[a man] not have close relations with anyone outside the alliance. 1996 (Nexis) 6 Feb. 11 He was the ninth alliance soldier to die since Nato troops took over from the United Nations in the Balkans in December. 2004 B. Kleymann & H. Seristö iii. 53 It is likely that a significant part of the internal wrestling between alliance partners will..occur over the allocation of yield share on jointly operated routes. b. 1774 D. Graham (ed. 3) 177 An alliance treaty long ago. 1898 29 Apr. 5/2 It is understood that England is seeking an alliance treaty with the United States. 1947 12 Aug. 3/2 There was not one word in the alliance treaty which limited Egypt's commercial or financial freedom. 2000 (Nexis) 19 Mar. b1 Even if alliance treaties are read broadly to limit states, the Constitution has a mechanism to protect state interests. C2. society > authority > rule or government > politics > Irish politics > [noun] > parties 1920 H. M. Vinacke vi. 130 The Tung Meng Hui (the Alliance Party) and the Kung Ho-t'ang or Conservative party were nearly equal in voting strength. 1969 2 Sept. 10/3 Tunku Abdul Rahman's Alliance Party..the old guard who had ‘won’ Merdeka. 1970 25 Apr. 17/2 This revolt of the moderates was salutary. Their showing encouraged them to announce the formation of the new Alliance party, for Protestants and Roman Catholics alike. 2001 G. Segell 98 The Alliance Party is the main non-sectarian party of Northern Ireland. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). alliancev. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: alliance n. Etymology: < alliance n. Compare Anglo-Norman and Middle French aliancer, reflexive (c1245 or earlier). society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > associate with for common purpose [verb (transitive)] 1533 E. Hormolden Let. 28 Mar. in J. A. Froude (1860) VI. xxxi. 200/2 (modernized text) Are not we, said he, allianced with Normandy. 1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza iii. xvii. 103 Their mourning apparel..euery one is bounde to weare, according as he is alianced vnto the dead. 1606 T. Palmer ii. 116 That other sort of friends are the profitable, who for the politicall defence and offence are collegued and allianced or confederated with. 1647 R. Cudworth 70 It is allianced to none, but wretched forlorn and apostate Spirits. 1728 J. Morgan I. 153 Some Numbers of Arabs peaceably allianced with the principal Citizens of all the considerable Places. 1797 S. Relf xxviii. 116 She..even avoids him to whom she is solemnly allianced by both religion and law! 1837 A. Campbell in 251 You may see what justice my opponent renders to Episcopalians and Methodists, in his alliancing them with himself on the subject of confession. 1857 Jan. 79/2 The unhappy youth, terror-stricken at having allianced himself to a spectre, fell upon his sword. 1913 H. S. Harrison 88 A night off, to see her step-daughter allianced to a substitute Pullman porter. 1989 D. Puffett tr. J.-J. Nattiez iii. 39 The Duchess must be allianced with all that lot. 2007 R. Fripp xi. 76 Louis the Fat had allianced France to me, not least to put the pincers on Anjou. society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > associate for common purpose [verb (intransitive)] society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [verb (intransitive)] > enter into alliance 1569 T. Stocker tr. Diodorus Siculus iii. xiii. f. 130 He..alliaunced with the Etholians, against Polispercon and Cassander. 1743 Earl of Egmont 20 These Circumstances together should..have induced the Minister, to have laid aside his old Way of alliancing with France. 2004 B. Kleymann & H. Seristö i. 11 By alliancing with an airline, this carrier becomes a partner. Derivatives 1782 T. Paine 52 Courts..are relatively republics with each other. It is the first and true principle of alliancing. 1896 June 564 An alliance for purposes hostile to England is quite incredible... The alliancing goes on in public. 1994 (Nexis) Dec. 25 The ongoing turmoil of cost reduction, downsizing, and alliancing. 2004 B. Kleymann & H. Seristö i. 7 Further potential for reaping size-related economies from alliancing lies in joint procurement of technical material (aircraft and aircraft spares). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). <  n.c1325 v.1533 |
