disintegrationn.

Etymology: noun of action < disintegrate v.: see -ation suffix.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: disinteˈgration.

The action or process of disintegrating, or the condition of being disintegrated; reduction to component particles, breaking up; destruction of cohesion or integrity.

a. literal; spec. in Geology, the wearing down of rocks by rain, frost, and other atmospheric influences; in Nuclear Physics, a process which a nucleus may undergo, spontaneously or under bombardment, in which it either emits one or more particles and becomes a different nuclide or else splits up into two or more smaller nuclei; also, the decay of an elementary particle; an instance of such a process. Also frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [noun] > decomposition, melting, or crumbling away

dissolutiona1398

resolution1533

mouldering1562

dissipation1597

deordination1686

decomposition1777

disintegration1794

chemolysis1872

biolysis1897

biodegradation1941

breakdown1959

biodeterioration1960

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or breaking up into constituent parts > [noun] > incohesion > disaggregation or disintegration

unravelling1606

disgregation1611

disintegration1794

break-up1795

disaggregation1819

breaking-down1883

break-away1885

breakdown1928

the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > [noun] > decomposition of nucleus

disintegration1903

1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 96 By exposure to the air and moisture, it..chips and falls to pieces. This disintegration is remarkable, for it does not proceed solely from the absorption of water.

1806 W. Henry Epitome Chem. (ed. 4) ii. ii. 343 The disintegration of stones, consisting chiefly of alumine, is not easily effected..by means of potash.

1834 Thomson in Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 1 No. 2. 42 The disintegration of the clay-slate rocks.

1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) i. 20 The wire wrapping of the Atlantic cable has been found in a state almost of complete disintegration.

1863 A. C. Ramsay Physical Geol. & Geogr. Great Brit. (1878) iii. 34 The constant atmospheric disintegration of cliffs.

1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (1879) i. ii. §31 30 When a Muscle is called into contraction, there is a certain disintegration or ‘waste’ of its tissue.

1903 Rutherford & Soddy in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 5 446 The first stage in the disintegration of thorium is not directly into the emanation.

1903 Rutherford & Soddy in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 5 583 Radioactive change can only be of the nature of an atomic disintegration.

1904 F. Soddy Radio-activity viii. 121 The disintegration theory [of radioactivity] regards the property as due to a fixed proportion of the total number of atoms which are undergoing disintegration.

1904 F. Soddy Radio-activity xii. 172 Consider the case of a disintegration series in which there is a parent element, A, disintegrating at an excessively slow rate.

1914 H. G. Wells World set Free i. §1 He set up atomic disintegration in a minute particle of bismuth.

1932 Cockcroft & Walton in Proc. Royal Soc. A. 137 229 (heading) The disintegration of elements by high velocity protons.

1933 Discovery June 179/2 This third hydrogen has been produced artificially in the Cavendish Laboratories in Cambridge, England, and at Princeton by the nuclear disintegration process.

1942 Ann. Reg. 1941 351 Fermi's theory of β-ray disintegration.

1942 J. D. Stranathan ‘Particles’ of Mod. Physics viii. 348 Most atoms emit a γ-ray photon and pass to their normal energy states long before they undergo a subsequent nuclear disintegration.

1945 Electronic Engin. Sept. 668/1 The enormous energy which may in certain circumstances be obtained from a chain of atomic disintegrations.

1946 Nature 14 Sept. 373/3 The disintegration-rate..correctly specifies the strength of a radioactive source.

1949 Nucleonics Dec. 49 The curie shall be defined as that quantity of any radioactive species (radioisotope) undergoing exactly 3·700 × 10¹⁰ disintegrations per second.

1954 H. Semat Introd. Atomic & Nucl. Physics (ed. 3) xi. 362 A more accurate determination of the half-life of the radioactive disintegration of the neutron.

b. figurative.

ΚΠ

1849 H. Martineau in W. B. Scoones Four Cent. Eng. Lett. 545 If the principles of social liberty should demand the disintegration of nations.

1865 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire (new ed.) VIII. lxviii. 355 The decay of moral principles which hastened the disintegration of Roman society.

1868 W. E. Gladstone Juventus Mundi (1870) i. 19 There are passages of ancient writers which tend to the disintegration of Homer.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations, as disintegration-scheme, disintegration-theory.

ΚΠ

1865 W. Kay Crisis Hupfeldiana 59 The principles on which the Disintegration-theory rests.

C2.

disintegration constant n. a measure of the rate of disintegration of a radioactive substance.

ΚΠ

1926 R. W. Lawson tr. G. von Hevesy & F. A. Paneth Man. Radioactivity iii. 33 The half-value thickness is related to the absorption coefficient in the same way as the half-value period to the disintegration constant.

1962 H. D. Bush Atomic & Nucl. Physics iv. 75 Measurement of the change of activity with time enables the disintegration constant to be found.

Derivatives

disinteˈgrationist n. an advocate of disintegration.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > specific policies or advocacy of > [noun] > other specific policies or advocacy of > supporter of

common holder1565

abolitionist1827

governmentalist1831

destructive1832

annexationist1841

destructionist1841

annexionist1844

decompositionist1849

expansionist1862

disintegrator1865

dissolutionist1882

irredentist1882

disintegrationist1884

isolationist1899

retentionist1899

free fooder1903

laissez-fairist1932

autarkist1938

elitist1938

neo-isolationist1950

non-aligner1963

1884 H. Dunckley in Manch. Examiner 1 Dec. 6/1 Mr. Forster seems to them to be the great disintegrationist of our time.

1889 Spectator 3 Aug. Their own disintegration is a Nemesis upon the disintegrationists.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	disintegration
释义	disintegrationn. Etymology: noun of action < disintegrate v.: see -ation suffix.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: disinteˈgration. The action or process of disintegrating, or the condition of being disintegrated; reduction to component particles, breaking up; destruction of cohesion or integrity. a. literal; spec. in Geology, the wearing down of rocks by rain, frost, and other atmospheric influences; in Nuclear Physics, a process which a nucleus may undergo, spontaneously or under bombardment, in which it either emits one or more particles and becomes a different nuclide or else splits up into two or more smaller nuclei; also, the decay of an elementary particle; an instance of such a process. Also frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [noun] > decomposition, melting, or crumbling away dissolutiona1398 resolution1533 mouldering1562 dissipation1597 deordination1686 decomposition1777 disintegration1794 chemolysis1872 biolysis1897 biodegradation1941 breakdown1959 biodeterioration1960 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or breaking up into constituent parts > [noun] > incohesion > disaggregation or disintegration unravelling1606 disgregation1611 disintegration1794 break-up1795 disaggregation1819 breaking-down1883 break-away1885 breakdown1928 the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > [noun] > decomposition of nucleus disintegration1903 1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 96 By exposure to the air and moisture, it..chips and falls to pieces. This disintegration is remarkable, for it does not proceed solely from the absorption of water. 1806 W. Henry Epitome Chem. (ed. 4) ii. ii. 343 The disintegration of stones, consisting chiefly of alumine, is not easily effected..by means of potash. 1834 Thomson in Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 1 No. 2. 42 The disintegration of the clay-slate rocks. 1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) i. 20 The wire wrapping of the Atlantic cable has been found in a state almost of complete disintegration. 1863 A. C. Ramsay Physical Geol. & Geogr. Great Brit. (1878) iii. 34 The constant atmospheric disintegration of cliffs. 1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (1879) i. ii. §31 30 When a Muscle is called into contraction, there is a certain disintegration or ‘waste’ of its tissue. 1903 Rutherford & Soddy in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 5 446 The first stage in the disintegration of thorium is not directly into the emanation. 1903 Rutherford & Soddy in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 5 583 Radioactive change can only be of the nature of an atomic disintegration. 1904 F. Soddy Radio-activity viii. 121 The disintegration theory [of radioactivity] regards the property as due to a fixed proportion of the total number of atoms which are undergoing disintegration. 1904 F. Soddy Radio-activity xii. 172 Consider the case of a disintegration series in which there is a parent element, A, disintegrating at an excessively slow rate. 1914 H. G. Wells World set Free i. §1 He set up atomic disintegration in a minute particle of bismuth. 1932 Cockcroft & Walton in Proc. Royal Soc. A. 137 229 (heading) The disintegration of elements by high velocity protons. 1933 Discovery June 179/2 This third hydrogen has been produced artificially in the Cavendish Laboratories in Cambridge, England, and at Princeton by the nuclear disintegration process. 1942 Ann. Reg. 1941 351 Fermi's theory of β-ray disintegration. 1942 J. D. Stranathan ‘Particles’ of Mod. Physics viii. 348 Most atoms emit a γ-ray photon and pass to their normal energy states long before they undergo a subsequent nuclear disintegration. 1945 Electronic Engin. Sept. 668/1 The enormous energy which may in certain circumstances be obtained from a chain of atomic disintegrations. 1946 Nature 14 Sept. 373/3 The disintegration-rate..correctly specifies the strength of a radioactive source. 1949 Nucleonics Dec. 49 The curie shall be defined as that quantity of any radioactive species (radioisotope) undergoing exactly 3·700 × 10¹⁰ disintegrations per second. 1954 H. Semat Introd. Atomic & Nucl. Physics (ed. 3) xi. 362 A more accurate determination of the half-life of the radioactive disintegration of the neutron. b. figurative. ΚΠ 1849 H. Martineau in W. B. Scoones Four Cent. Eng. Lett. 545 If the principles of social liberty should demand the disintegration of nations. 1865 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire (new ed.) VIII. lxviii. 355 The decay of moral principles which hastened the disintegration of Roman society. 1868 W. E. Gladstone Juventus Mundi (1870) i. 19 There are passages of ancient writers which tend to the disintegration of Homer. Compounds C1. attributive and in other combinations, as disintegration-scheme, disintegration-theory. ΚΠ 1865 W. Kay Crisis Hupfeldiana 59 The principles on which the Disintegration-theory rests. C2. disintegration constant n. a measure of the rate of disintegration of a radioactive substance. ΚΠ 1926 R. W. Lawson tr. G. von Hevesy & F. A. Paneth Man. Radioactivity iii. 33 The half-value thickness is related to the absorption coefficient in the same way as the half-value period to the disintegration constant. 1962 H. D. Bush Atomic & Nucl. Physics iv. 75 Measurement of the change of activity with time enables the disintegration constant to be found. Derivatives disinteˈgrationist n. an advocate of disintegration. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > specific policies or advocacy of > [noun] > other specific policies or advocacy of > supporter of common holder1565 abolitionist1827 governmentalist1831 destructive1832 annexationist1841 destructionist1841 annexionist1844 decompositionist1849 expansionist1862 disintegrator1865 dissolutionist1882 irredentist1882 disintegrationist1884 isolationist1899 retentionist1899 free fooder1903 laissez-fairist1932 autarkist1938 elitist1938 neo-isolationist1950 non-aligner1963 1884 H. Dunckley in Manch. Examiner 1 Dec. 6/1 Mr. Forster seems to them to be the great disintegrationist of our time. 1889 Spectator 3 Aug. Their own disintegration is a Nemesis upon the disintegrationists. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.1794
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