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单词 disable
释义

disablen.

Brit. /dɪsˈeɪbl/, U.S. /dəˈseɪb(ə)l/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: disable v.
Etymology: < disable v.
An act or function of disabling or deactivating.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > inability > [noun]
unablenessc1380
unabletyc1380
infirmityc1384
unabilityc1475
non-ability1477
inability1500
disability1545
unsufficiency1580
disablement1597
disableness1609
incapacity1611
uncapableness1611
incapability1632
incapableness1632
uncapabilitya1644
incompatibility1659
incompetibilitya1660
uncapacity1681
invalidity1698
disable1827
1827 J. Barrington Personal Sketches Own Times II. 16 A disarm is considered the same as a disable.
1981 Electronics Austral. Aug. 75/2 Disable, the use of a control signal to halt the operation of a circuit or part of it.
2005 EDN (Nexis) 14 Apr. 85 You may not need an enable function, but it can function as a disable during transient or failure conditions.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

disableadj.

Brit. /dɪsˈeɪbl/, U.S. /dəˈseɪb(ə)l/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: dis- prefix, able adj.
Etymology: < dis- prefix + able adj. Compare Anglo-Norman disable incapable, unfit (second half of the 15th cent. in legal use). Compare non-able adj. and earlier unable adj. Compare also later disabled adj.
Now rare.
Unable; incapable; impotent.In recent use usually contrasted with able.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > inability > [adjective]
unmightyOE
unmightfulc1450
disablea1500
non-able1552
incapable1597
uncapable1627
matterless1794
a1500 in R. H. Robbins Secular Lyrics XIVth & XVth Cent. (1952) 168 Consider that my conning is disable To write to you the figure amable.
1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 32 As my disable and vnworthy hand, Could giue no soueraine title of commaund.
1599 S. Daniel Musophilus in Poet. Ess. sig. E4 That these more curious times they might deuorce From the opinion..Of our disable and vnactiue force.
1615 G. Markham Eng. Hus-wife in Countrey Contentments Pref. This imperfect offer may come to you weak and disable.
a1625 J. Fletcher Rule a Wife (1640) v. i. 62 How wretched is my case willing to please ye, And find you so disable?
1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar ii. §12. 98 To forgive debts to disable persons, to pay debts for them.
1741 J. Oldmixon Brit. Empire in Amer. (ed. 2) II. 429 There were but 70 Men at that Time upon the Island both able and disable.
1863 Spray in F. Moore Rebellion Rec. VI. ii. 384/2 The officers, able and disable, were to be paroled together with the wounded men.
1952 Daily Times-News (Burlington, N. Carolina) 28 Aug. 2 Dozens of folks, young and old, able and disable.
2007 PNG Post-Courier (Austral.) (Nexis) 15 Mar. 4 I will make sure all able and disable human beings of this province have the chance to get a better education.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

disablev.

Brit. /dɪsˈeɪbl/, U.S. /dəˈseɪb(ə)l/
Forms: late Middle English–1500s dysable, late Middle English–1600s dishable, late Middle English– disable, 1500s disabel, 1500s disabil, 1600s–1700s dissable; Scottish pre-1700 disabil, pre-1700 dishabil, pre-1700 dishable, pre-1700 1700s– disable.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; originally modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: dis- prefix, able adj., able v.
Etymology: < dis- prefix + either able adj. or able v., originally after Anglo-Norman desabler, disabler, etc., to deprive of a legal right (c1275 or earlier), to pronounce legally incapable (14th cent. or earlier). Compare earlier unable v. Compare also dishabilitate v.Compare also Older Scots disableis (one isolated attestation; apparently < disable v., with alteration of the ending after verbs in -ish suffix2 (compare establish v., publish v.)):1530 in P. H. Brown Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1901) 2nd Ser. III. 644 The wealth and strenth off your majesties kingdome, quhilk now is dis-ableised and impoveriched.
1. transitive. To incapacitate legally; to pronounce legally incapable; to hinder or restrain (a person or class of persons) from performing acts or enjoying rights which would otherwise be open to them; to disqualify.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal capacity > invest with legal status or capacity [verb (transitive)] > remove legal capacity
unablec1380
disable1445
incapacitate1657
dishabilitate1662
society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > remove from office or authority [verb (transitive)] > declare ineligible for office
disable1445
inabilite?a1475
disqualify1732
1445 Rolls of Parl. (2005) V. 108/2 Who so evere presume..to accept or occupie the seide office of shirreff..to stonde disabled evere and atte alle tymes, to be or bere thoffice of shirrif, withinne any shire in England.
1485 King Richard III Let. 21 June in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 162 Piers Bisshop of Excestre..with other diverse his [sc. Richard's] rebells and traitours disabled and attaynted by the..high Courte of Parliament.
1524 in Vicary's Anat. Bodie of Man (1888) App. iii. 156 Doctour Bentley & doctour Yakesley,..examyners Admytted to hable or disable suche as practise phisik & Surgery in London.
1590 W. Segar Bk. Honor & Armes iii. 32 Me thinks that Bastardie ought not to disable a man to bee admitted vnto Combat.
1637 Decree Starre-Chamber conc. Printing xix. sig. F2v Vpon paine of being for euer disabled of the vse of a Presse or printing-house.
1678 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 4 An act..disabling papists from sitting in either house of parliament.
1700 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) IV. 673 Papists, by the Act of Settlement, are disabled to inherit the crown.
1789 J. Throsby Sel. Views in Leics. 111 The Children which she bore him were disabled by Act of Parliament from inheriting the Honours and Possessions of the Family.
1862 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. (ed. 3) xvii. 274 Statutory provisions disabling the Judges from sitting in the House of Commons.
1892 E. S. Beesly Queen Elizabeth v. 98 The second [course of action] was that she should be disabled from succession to the crown.
1932 H. S. Quigley Japanese Govt. & Politics Appendix IX. xv. 374 When a Member of the House of Representatives..has received an official appointment which by law disables him from being a Member, he shall be considered as retired.
1997 Federal News Service (Nexis) 5 Mar. Hundreds of police officers that would be disabled by this law [sc. one prohibiting the carrying of firearms by police officers with previous convictions for domestic violence].
2.
a. transitive. To render (a person, animal, etc.) incapable of activity or limited in movement, sensation, etc., esp. by physical injury or bodily infirmity. Also in figurative context.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > maiming or mutilation > maim or mutilate [verb (transitive)]
wemc900
slaya1000
alithOE
hamblea1050
belimbc1225
dismember1297
lamec1300
maimc1325
shearc1330
unablec1380
emblemishc1384
magglec1425
magc1450
demember1491
disablea1492
manglea1500
menyie?a1513
mayhem1533
mutilatec1570
martyr1592
stump1596
bemaim1605
cripplea1616
martyrize1615
deartuate1623
hamstring1641
becripple1660
limb1674
truncate1727
dislimb1855
a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) ii. f. cciiiiv /1 I am all dysabled of my membres.
1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. 57 b His continual sicknes..was like to dishable the gouernment and sway of so high a place.
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets lxvi. sig. E2v Strength by limping sway disabled . View more context for this quotation
1662 in Proc. Soc. Antiquaries Scotl. (1888) 22 256 The wrong off Androw Peacok by casting som thing at him, disabling him in his hench.
1712 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1889) III. 296 My writeing hand hath been disabled by a sprain.
1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 283 A Wound in his Breast by a Musket-ball..disabled him at present.
1814 C. Capel Let. 12 June (1955) i. 41 The poor children suffered dreadfully from Sickness,..& Thorpe..was as I expected totally disabled.
1893 Weekly Notes 28 85/2 A member being permanently disabled by an accident.
1937 H. Jennings et al. May 12th Mass-observ. Day-surv. ii. 380 Her husband was a ships painter, disabled by a fall.
1969 Newsweek 16 June 44/2 The dread black-lung disease..annually disables thousands of miners.
1996 Independent 28 Aug. ii 4/2 Ponting..had given up a much-loved job..to care for her mother who had been severely disabled by a stroke.
b. transitive. gen. To incapacitate, render ineffective, put out of action; to overwhelm.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or overwhelm
overcomeeOE
overgangOE
overnimOE
overswivec1175
foldc1275
overgoc1275
to bear downc1330
oversetc1330
outrayc1390
overleada1393
overreach?a1425
overwhelmc1425
to whelve overc1440
overruna1475
surprise1474
overpress1489
surbatea1500
overhale1531
overbear1535
overcrow1550
disable1582
surgain1586
overpower1597
overman1609
to come over ——1637
to run down1655
overpower1667
compel1697
to get over ——1784
overget1877
to grab (also take) by the balls1934
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 39 Thee Gods thee cittye dishable.
1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft iii. xv. 64 Foure old witches, who with their charms so qualified the Danes, as they were thereby disabled.
1672 H. Saville Let. in M. A. Forbes Curiosities Sc. Charta Chest (1897) i. 15 Capt. Berry in the Resolution and Sir Fretcheville Holler in the Cambridge..were both soon disabled.
c1790 J. Willock Voy. diverse parts 56 We were struck by a sea, which totally disabled us.
1854 T. De Quincey Murder in Select. Grave & Gay IV. 107 The landlord..they intended to disable by a trick then newly introduced amongst robbers, and termed hocussing.
1897 Westm. Gaz. 8 July 5/2 The tail-shaft got bent and could not be rectified, consequently the ship became disabled.
1957 J. Kerouac Let. 25 Mar. in Sel. Lett. 1957–69 (1999) 17 I naturally dont [sic] want any extensive useless changes that will disable the prose and render it Non-Jack.
1976 A. White Long Silence vii. 53 The railway marshalling yards we were to disable were crescent-shaped.
2003 N.Y. Times 23 Feb. iv. 3/1 The soldier is taught to consider using a lighter weapon to disable the tank.
c. transitive. To suspend deliberately the functioning of (a technical device or facility); to deactivate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > inaction > make inactive [verb (transitive)]
unactive1639
stun1700
unmechanize1761
paralyse1764
hang1778
benumb1789
inactivate1901
disable1932
stultify1958
deactivate1970
1932 Bell Telephone Q. 11 102 There is provided an automatic protection in the receiving detector and delay circuit, which..disables the transmitting detector so that stray noise currents..cannot act to change the state of affairs until the distant speaker has finished.
1947 F. E. Terman Radio Engin. (ed. 3) xv. 765 Communication receivers normally include a tuning meter..and a switch to disable the A.V.C. and replace it by a normal volume control.
1990 I. M. Banks Use of Weapons (1992) i. 44 The drone used its electromagnetic effector to disable the door's alarm.
2004 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 25 Aug. 2 To disable the call forwarding, you turn your phone on and dial +73.
3. transitive. To pronounce incapable; (hence) to disparage, depreciate, detract from, belittle; (reflexive) to depreciate one's own competence or fitness for an appointment or honour (chiefly as a conventional tribute to modesty). Now archaic and rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > modesty > be modest [verb (reflexive)] > be conventionally modest
disable1528
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > disparagement or depreciation > disparage or depreciate [verb (transitive)]
littleeOE
low1340
dispraisec1386
minish1402
deroge1427
detractc1449
descryc1450
detrayc1475
dismerit1484
decline1509
vilipend1509
disprize?1518
disable1528
derogatea1530
elevate1541
disparagea1556
detrect1563
debase1565
demerit1576
vilify1586
disgrace1589
detracta1592
besparage1592
enervate1593
obtrect1595
extenuate1601
disvalue1605
disparagon1610
undervalue1611
avile1615
debaucha1616
to cry down1616
debate1622
decry1641
atomize1645
underrate1646
naucify1653
dedignify1654
stuprate1655
de-ample1657
dismagn1657
slur1660
voguec1661
depreciate1666
to run down1671
baffle1674
lacken1674
sneer1706
diminish1712
substract1728
down1780
belittle1789
carbonify1792
to speak scorn of1861
to give one a back-cap1903
minoritize1947
mauvais langue1952
rubbish1953
down-talk1959
marginalize1970
marginate1970
trash1975
neg1987
1528 J. Skelton Honorificatissimo: Replycacion agaynst Yong Scolers sig. Aiii Our glorious Lady to disable And heynously on her to bable.
1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 7 I praefer Tulli before Caesar in writing Latin; do I therefore disable or disalow Caesar?
a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 92 That..presume so far to disable..disgrace and infame this marriage.
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. C1v It hath beene ordinarie..to extenuate and disable learned men by the names of Pedantes . View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iv. i. 32 Farewell Mounsieur Trauellor:..disable all the benefits of your owne Countrie: be out of loue with your natiuitie. View more context for this quotation
1619 in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times James I (1849) (modernized text) II. 142 He disabled himself divers ways, but specially, that he thought himself unworthy to sit in that place.
1709 J. Strype Ann. Reformation xxvi. 294 When Sir Edward Rogers..had recommended him to the house to be their speaker, and Williams [i.e. the speaker recommended] had disabled himself, Cecil..required him to take the place.
1763 [implied in: Ld. Hardwicke Let. 5 Aug. in G. Harris Life Ld. Hardwicke (1847) III. xv. 370 I..made all the dutiful, grateful, but disabling speeches that became me. (at disabling adj.)].
1930 S.P.E. Tract (Soc. for Pure Eng.) No. XXXIV. 476 I disable the judgement of any one who does not recognize that, [etc.].
4.
a. transitive. With following construction. To injure, impair, or render less able in some capacity; to deprive of the use of (some faculty, power, or possession). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > deprive (of)
benimc890
to do of ——eOE
bedealc1000
disturbc1230
bereavec1275
reave?a1300
acquitc1300
benemec1300
deprivec1330
privea1382
subvertc1384
oppressc1395
abridgea1400
to bate of, from1399
lessa1400
nakena1400
dischargea1425
privatec1425
to bring outa1450
abatec1450
sever?1507
spulyie?1507
denude1513
disable1529
distrain1530
destituec1540
destitutec1540
defalk1541
to turn out of ——1545
discomfit1548
wipe1549
nude1551
disannul?a1556
bereft1557
diminish1559
benoom1563
joint1573
uncase1583
rid1585
disarm1590
visitc1592
ease1600
dispatch1604
unfurnisha1616
rig1629
retrench1640
unbecomea1641
disentail1641
cashier1690
twin1722
mulct1748
fordo1764
to do out of ——1796
to cut out1815
bate1823
deprivate1832
devoid1878
1529 in Vicary's Anat. Bodie of Man (1888) App. xiv. 256 Yt ys ordeyned that no man of the sayde Felyshippe shall..speke any Slaunderus wordes yn disablyng hym of hys science.
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 171 Least God be disabled in any thyng that is due to his omnipotencie.
1604 King James VI & I Counterblaste to Tobacco sig. C4v How you are by this custome disabled in your goods.
1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 435 All things that depriue or disable the debtor in any of these, do weaken and lessen his meanes.
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 292 He..disabled them of sixteen thousand good horses.
1713 C. Cibber tr. P. Corneille in Cinna's Conspiracy i. ii. 7 When dead he'll be disabled of Revenge.
b. transitive. With following construction. To deprive of ability, incapacitate, prevent from doing something; formerly also to, for, or with infinitive. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > inability > render unable [verb (transitive)]
unablec1380
unablec1380
disable1548
lame1568
founder1590
disenable1604
discapacitate1660
incapacitate1666
uncapacitate1668
incapacify1683
dishabilitate1871
1548 E. Gest Treat. againste Masse sig. Cviiiv Lesse hys fyrst offering..be..dishabled to the ful contentation of syn.
1574 J. Dee in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) (Camden) 34 My father was dishabled for leaving unto me due mayntenance.
a1602 W. Perkins Cases of Consc. (1619) 328 Immoderate excesse, whereby we are vtterly disabled from these..duties.
a1627 W. Sclater Expos. 4th Chapter Rom. (1650) 127 We are wilfully disabled to performance.
1660 E. Waterhouse Disc. Arms & Armory 106 Nor could they be chargable with what should disable the Tenurer to do his service.
1700 J. Jones Myst. Opium Reveal'd xxviii. 304 The Feeling at Stomach may thereby be disabled to take any notice of it.
1704 Duke of Marlborough Let. 28 Aug. in H. L. Snyder Marlborough–Godolphin Corr. (1975) I. 360 I hope this victory is soe great that it will disable them from putting in exacusion severall projects thay had resolved.
1790 Coll. Voy. round World IV. vii. 1534 Incumbered by many garments..which must disable them to exert their strength in the day of battle.
1848 R. D. Hampden Bampton Lect. (ed. 3) Introd. 20 Men..are disabled from understanding what they have been taught to condemn.
1946 J. H. Morgan Assize of Arms i. ii. 36 The moment the old Army was demobilized and a new Army nominally created, we should have been disabled from making any attempt to discover whether the prescriptions of the Treaty..were complied with or not.
1997 Federal News Service (Nexis) 5 Mar. Am I correct that a person who is disabled from possessing a firearm because of the domestic violence misdemeanor cannot apply to the ATF for relief?
5. transitive. To make or pronounce of no force or validity. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > cancellation, revocation > annul, cancel, revoke [verb (transitive)] > make void or invalid
wanea889
voida1340
avoidc1375
abolishc1475
disnull1509
disannula1513
annihilate1525
evacuate1526
aniente1528
extinct1530
disable1548
extinguish1548
solute1550
destitutea1563
exinanitea1575
cashier1596
devoid1601
shorta1616
supersede1618
vitiate1627
invalidate1649
out1653
vacate1662
exinanitiate1698
atheticize1701
squasha1777
invalid1827
negate1837
negative1837
unsanction1854
cancel-
society > law > rule of law > illegality > render illegal [verb (transitive)] > deprive of legal validity > deny the validity of
quash?a1400
disable1548
infirm1558
overrule1611
null1656
to set aside1765
to strike down1894
1548 E. Gest Treat. againste Masse sig. C vii To renew the sayde sacryfyce is vtterlye to vnperfyt, & disable it quite.
1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft ii. iii. 23 The depositions of manie women at one instant are disabled, as insufficient in lawe.
1598 R. Hakluyt tr. in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) I. 221 Neither meane I to auouch..ne to disable or confute those thinges which..haue beene reported.
1665 J. Glanvill Sciri Tuum: Authors Defense 53 in Scepsis Scientifica Some few of whose charges against Aristotle our Author indeavours to defeat and disable.
1693 Apol. Clergy Scotl. 25 The Council may stop and disable the Laws.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1827adj.a1500v.1445
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