dirgen.

Brit.

/dəːdʒ/, U.S.

/dərdʒ/

Forms: α. Middle English–1600s (1700s–1800s Historical) dirige, (Middle English–1500s dir-, dyr-, der-, -ige(e, -yge, -ege, -egi, -egy, 1500s–1600s dirigie). β. 1500s Scottish dergie, (1500s–1700s dregy, dredgy, drudgy), 1600s dirgie, 1600s–1700s dirgee. γ. Middle English derge, Middle English derche, dorge, Middle English–1500s dyrge, 1500s– dirge.

Etymology: Originally dirige, the first word of the Latin antiphon Dirige, Domine, Deus meus, in conspectu tuo viam meam ‘Direct, O Lord, my God, my way in thy sight’, taken from Psalm v. 8.

1. In the Latin rite: The first word of the antiphon at Matins in the Office of the Dead, used as a name for that service; sometimes extended to include the Evensong (Placebo), or, according to Rock, also the Mass (Requiem).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > canonical hours > matins > [noun] > in office of dead

dirge?c1225

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 21 Efter euensong anan Placebo. vhche nicht seggeð ȝef ȝe beoð aise. bute hit beo hali nicht for feste of niȝe leceons. þe comeð ine mareȝen. Bifore compelin. oðer efter vchtsong. Dirige. wið þreo salmes. & wið þreo leceons vche nicht sundri..& placebo seoðen oðet magnificat. & asswo et dirige.

c1320 Sir Beues 2902 Beues is ded in bataile Þar fore..Hit is Beues dirige!

1350 Eng. Gilds (1870) 35 He ssal sende forthe þe bedel to alle þe breþeren and þe systeren, þat þey bien at the derge of þe body.

1408 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 15 Brede & Ale to Spende atte my dyryge.

c1420 Chron. Vilod. 2170 He continuede algate..In doyng of masse, of derche, & of almys-dede.

1494 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 191 When any Broder or Suster of this Gilde is decessed oute off this worlde..y^e Steward of this Gilde shall doo Rynge for hym, and do to say a Placebo and dirige, w^t a masse on y^e morowe of Requiem.

1539 J. Hilsey Man. Prayers in Three Primers Henry VIII 407 Of those old Jewish customs hath there crept into the church a custom to have a certain suffrages for the dead, called Dirige, of Dirige, the first anthem hereof; but by whom or when these suffrages were made, we have no sure evidence.

1539 J. Hilsey Man. Prayers in Three Primers Henry VIII 408 For this only cause have I also set forth in this Primer a Dirige; of the which the three first lessons are of the miseries of mans life; the middle of the funeral of the dead corpse; and the last three are of the last resurrection.

1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 453 They whilome used..to say..Their Diriges, their Trentals, and their shrifts.

c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 71 Allso a solempne dirige songen in everye parishe churche in London.

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 165 Give moneyes and yearly gifts to a Priest to read Masse or Dirigies for the weale of his soule after his decease.

1689 R. Milward Selden's Table-talk 43 The Priest said Dirgies, and twenty Dirgies at fourpence a piece comes to a Noble.

1711 J. Anderson Countrey-man's Let. to Curat 7 This Primer consisted of the very same parts that the Popish Primer does, viz. of Mattins..Dirige..and such other Ecclesiastical Jargon.

1846 W. Maskell Monumenta Ritualia Ecclesiae Anglicanae II. 111 (note) The Office of the Dead (or Dirge), consisted of two parts: the Evensong or Vespers: and the Matins.

1849 D. Rock Church our Fathers II. 503 As the first anthem at matins commenced with Dirige..the whole of the morning's service, including the Mass, came to be designated a Dirige or Dirge.

1875 J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 83 (note) The ‘Vigiliæ Mortuorum’..consisting of Vespers, called ‘Placebo’..and Matins, called ‘Dirige’, from its first antiphon, ‘Dirige Domine’, etc.

2. transferred. A song sung at the burial of, or in commemoration of, the dead; a song of mourning or lament. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > formal or ceremonial mourning > [noun] > formal lamentation > dirge

elegy?1521

coronach1559

dirge1568

requiem1578

threne1593

threnos1601

death song1613

monody1623

threnody1634

throb1635

trental1648

lament1698

myriologue1824

keen1830

threnode1858

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > types of song > [noun] > dirge or lament

threne?a1475

elegy?1521

dumpa1556

coronach1559

dirge1568

requiem1578

threnos1601

planctusa1612

death song1613

monody1623

threnody1634

trental1648

lament1698

myriologue1824

keen1830

planh1843

threnode1858

myrology1892

sorrow song1903

lamento1944

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > lyric poem > [noun] > lament, elegy, or dirge

threne?a1475

elegy?1521

deploration1537

coronach1559

dirge1568

requiem1578

monodia1594

threnos1601

threnody1634

monody1645

lament1698

caoine1707

whillaloo1790

keen1830

tangi1836

threnode1858

commos1879

1568 W. Dunbar in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 275 Heir endis dumbaris dergy to the king bydand to lang in stirling.

1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. L3^v And now this pale Swan in her watrie nest, Begins the sad Dirge of her certaine ending.

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 228 Most memorable battels; as when Crassus lost his life, Valerian and others, occasioning those dirgees of the Roman Poets.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. vi. 297 Musick, which in some sort sung her own Dirige..at the dissolution of Abbies.

1713 A. Pope in Guardian 27 Apr. 2/1 In another of his Pastorals, a Shepherd utters a Dirge not much inferior to the former.

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles ii. i. 43 Let mirth and music sound the dirge of Care!

1820 P. B. Shelley Ode to West Wind ii, in Prometheus Unbound 190 Thou dirge Of the dying year.

1832 H. Martineau Ireland iv. 65 The waves..renewed their dirge with every human life that they swept away.

1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid vi, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 273 Dirge at an end, the departed is placed in the funeral bed.

3. A funeral feast or carouse; cf. dirge-ale n. at Compounds 2; quot. 1408 at sense 1 (Scottish)

ΚΠ

?a1750 in D. Herd Anc. & Mod. Sc. Songs (1776) II. 30 But he was first hame at his ain ingle-side, And he helped to drink his ain dirgie.

1754 E. Burt Lett. N. Scotl. I. xi. 269 Wine is filled about as fast as it can go round; till there is hardly a sober Person among them... This last Homage they call the Drudgy [read Dredgy], but I suppose they mean the Dirge, that is, a Service performed for a dead Person.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

dirge-man n.

1824 J. Symmons tr. Æschylus Agamemnon 99 Why for Loxias woe, woe, woe? He has no dirgemen.

dirge-mass n.

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 2046/1 To say a Dirige Masse after the olde custome, for the funerall of Kyng Edward.

dirge-note n.

a1835 F. D. Hemans Swan & Sky-lark in Poet. Wks. (1836) 209/1 The dirge-note and the song of festival.

dirge-priest n.

154. Def. Priests' Marriage 24 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. lii. 393 Mass-priests, dirige-priests, chantry-priests, sacrificing-priests.

dirge-like adj.

ΘΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > [adjective]

carefulOE

charyOE

mourningOE

sorrowingOE

sorryOE

balec1220

heavy?c1225

ruefulc1225

ruthfulc1225

sorrowful?c1225

dolefulc1275

plaintivea1393

complainingc1430

lamentable?a1475

plaining?c1475

dolent1490

lamentatious1532

troublous1535

plaintfula1542

dirge-like1561

yearnfula1566

waymenting1573

mestive1575

lamentatory1576

mestful1577

wailful1579

lamentinga1586

weepy1602

deplorative1610

deploringa1616

gement1656

condolent1691

dirgeful1793

dirgy1830

lamentful1876

1561 Iniunctions Bishop of Norwich sig. B.iii Whether they vse to sing any nomber of psalmes, dirige lyke, at the buryall of the deade.

1828 J. Keble Christian Year (ed. 3) 374 One dirgelike note Of orphanhood and loss.

1862 E. Bulwer-Lytton Strange Story II. xi. 91 Other dogs in the distant village..bayed in a dirge-like chorus.

C2.

dirge-ale n. an ale-drinking at a funeral (cf. quot. 1408 at sense 1).

ΘΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [noun] > drinking intoxicating liquor > drinking socially > at a funeral

dirge-ale1587

1587 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. i. i. 32 The superfluous numbers of..church-ales, helpe-ales, and soule-ales, called also dirge-ales..are well diminished.

dirge-groat n. money paid for singing the dirge.

ΘΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] > funeral expenses > specific payments

poll penny1489

dirge-groat1564

dirge-money1564

mortuary1590

1564 T. Becon Displaying Popish Masse Prayers, etc. (1844) 258 Have ye not well deserved your dirige-groat and your dinner?

1721 J. Strype Eccl. Memorials III. xii. 114 The priests did not seldom quarrel with their parishioners for..dirge-groats and such like: for that was the usual reward for singing mass for a soul.

dirge-money n. = dirge-groat n.

ΘΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] > funeral expenses > specific payments

poll penny1489

dirge-groat1564

dirge-money1564

mortuary1590

1564 Briefe Exam. ****** You can be content Dirige money be conuerted to preachynges.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	dirge
释义	dirgen. Brit. /dəːdʒ/, U.S. /dərdʒ/ Forms: α. Middle English–1600s (1700s–1800s Historical) dirige, (Middle English–1500s dir-, dyr-, der-, -ige(e, -yge, -ege, -egi, -egy, 1500s–1600s dirigie). β. 1500s Scottish dergie, (1500s–1700s dregy, dredgy, drudgy), 1600s dirgie, 1600s–1700s dirgee. γ. Middle English derge, Middle English derche, dorge, Middle English–1500s dyrge, 1500s– dirge. Etymology: Originally dirige, the first word of the Latin antiphon Dirige, Domine, Deus meus, in conspectu tuo viam meam ‘Direct, O Lord, my God, my way in thy sight’, taken from Psalm v. 8. 1. In the Latin rite: The first word of the antiphon at Matins in the Office of the Dead, used as a name for that service; sometimes extended to include the Evensong (Placebo), or, according to Rock, also the Mass (Requiem). ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > canonical hours > matins > [noun] > in office of dead dirge?c1225 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 21 Efter euensong anan Placebo. vhche nicht seggeð ȝef ȝe beoð aise. bute hit beo hali nicht for feste of niȝe leceons. þe comeð ine mareȝen. Bifore compelin. oðer efter vchtsong. Dirige. wið þreo salmes. & wið þreo leceons vche nicht sundri..& placebo seoðen oðet magnificat. & asswo et dirige. c1320 Sir Beues 2902 Beues is ded in bataile Þar fore..Hit is Beues dirige! 1350 Eng. Gilds (1870) 35 He ssal sende forthe þe bedel to alle þe breþeren and þe systeren, þat þey bien at the derge of þe body. 1408 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 15 Brede & Ale to Spende atte my dyryge. c1420 Chron. Vilod. 2170 He continuede algate..In doyng of masse, of derche, & of almys-dede. 1494 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 191 When any Broder or Suster of this Gilde is decessed oute off this worlde..y^e Steward of this Gilde shall doo Rynge for hym, and do to say a Placebo and dirige, w^t a masse on y^e morowe of Requiem. 1539 J. Hilsey Man. Prayers in Three Primers Henry VIII 407 Of those old Jewish customs hath there crept into the church a custom to have a certain suffrages for the dead, called Dirige, of Dirige, the first anthem hereof; but by whom or when these suffrages were made, we have no sure evidence. 1539 J. Hilsey Man. Prayers in Three Primers Henry VIII 408 For this only cause have I also set forth in this Primer a Dirige; of the which the three first lessons are of the miseries of mans life; the middle of the funeral of the dead corpse; and the last three are of the last resurrection. 1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 453 They whilome used..to say..Their Diriges, their Trentals, and their shrifts. c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 71 Allso a solempne dirige songen in everye parishe churche in London. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 165 Give moneyes and yearly gifts to a Priest to read Masse or Dirigies for the weale of his soule after his decease. 1689 R. Milward Selden's Table-talk 43 The Priest said Dirgies, and twenty Dirgies at fourpence a piece comes to a Noble. 1711 J. Anderson Countrey-man's Let. to Curat 7 This Primer consisted of the very same parts that the Popish Primer does, viz. of Mattins..Dirige..and such other Ecclesiastical Jargon. 1846 W. Maskell Monumenta Ritualia Ecclesiae Anglicanae II. 111 (note) The Office of the Dead (or Dirge), consisted of two parts: the Evensong or Vespers: and the Matins. 1849 D. Rock Church our Fathers II. 503 As the first anthem at matins commenced with Dirige..the whole of the morning's service, including the Mass, came to be designated a Dirige or Dirge. 1875 J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 83 (note) The ‘Vigiliæ Mortuorum’..consisting of Vespers, called ‘Placebo’..and Matins, called ‘Dirige’, from its first antiphon, ‘Dirige Domine’, etc. 2. transferred. A song sung at the burial of, or in commemoration of, the dead; a song of mourning or lament. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > formal or ceremonial mourning > [noun] > formal lamentation > dirge elegy?1521 coronach1559 dirge1568 requiem1578 threne1593 threnos1601 death song1613 monody1623 threnody1634 throb1635 trental1648 lament1698 myriologue1824 keen1830 threnode1858 society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > types of song > [noun] > dirge or lament threne?a1475 elegy?1521 dumpa1556 coronach1559 dirge1568 requiem1578 threnos1601 planctusa1612 death song1613 monody1623 threnody1634 trental1648 lament1698 myriologue1824 keen1830 planh1843 threnode1858 myrology1892 sorrow song1903 lamento1944 society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > lyric poem > [noun] > lament, elegy, or dirge threne?a1475 elegy?1521 deploration1537 coronach1559 dirge1568 requiem1578 monodia1594 threnos1601 threnody1634 monody1645 lament1698 caoine1707 whillaloo1790 keen1830 tangi1836 threnode1858 commos1879 1568 W. Dunbar in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 275 Heir endis dumbaris dergy to the king bydand to lang in stirling. 1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. L3^v And now this pale Swan in her watrie nest, Begins the sad Dirge of her certaine ending. View more context for this quotation 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 228 Most memorable battels; as when Crassus lost his life, Valerian and others, occasioning those dirgees of the Roman Poets. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. vi. 297 Musick, which in some sort sung her own Dirige..at the dissolution of Abbies. 1713 A. Pope in Guardian 27 Apr. 2/1 In another of his Pastorals, a Shepherd utters a Dirge not much inferior to the former. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles ii. i. 43 Let mirth and music sound the dirge of Care! 1820 P. B. Shelley Ode to West Wind ii, in Prometheus Unbound 190 Thou dirge Of the dying year. 1832 H. Martineau Ireland iv. 65 The waves..renewed their dirge with every human life that they swept away. 1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid vi, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 273 Dirge at an end, the departed is placed in the funeral bed. 3. A funeral feast or carouse; cf. dirge-ale n. at Compounds 2; quot. 1408 at sense 1 (Scottish) ΚΠ ?a1750 in D. Herd Anc. & Mod. Sc. Songs (1776) II. 30 But he was first hame at his ain ingle-side, And he helped to drink his ain dirgie. 1754 E. Burt Lett. N. Scotl. I. xi. 269 Wine is filled about as fast as it can go round; till there is hardly a sober Person among them... This last Homage they call the Drudgy [read Dredgy], but I suppose they mean the Dirge, that is, a Service performed for a dead Person. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. dirge-man n. Π 1824 J. Symmons tr. Æschylus Agamemnon 99 Why for Loxias woe, woe, woe? He has no dirgemen. dirge-mass n. Π 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 2046/1 To say a Dirige Masse after the olde custome, for the funerall of Kyng Edward. dirge-note n. Π a1835 F. D. Hemans Swan & Sky-lark in Poet. Wks. (1836) 209/1 The dirge-note and the song of festival. dirge-priest n. Π 154. Def. Priests' Marriage 24 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. lii. 393 Mass-priests, dirige-priests, chantry-priests, sacrificing-priests. b. dirge-like adj. ΘΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > [adjective] carefulOE charyOE mourningOE sorrowingOE sorryOE balec1220 heavy?c1225 ruefulc1225 ruthfulc1225 sorrowful?c1225 dolefulc1275 plaintivea1393 complainingc1430 lamentable?a1475 plaining?c1475 dolent1490 lamentatious1532 troublous1535 plaintfula1542 dirge-like1561 yearnfula1566 waymenting1573 mestive1575 lamentatory1576 mestful1577 wailful1579 lamentinga1586 weepy1602 deplorative1610 deploringa1616 gement1656 condolent1691 dirgeful1793 dirgy1830 lamentful1876 1561 Iniunctions Bishop of Norwich sig. B.iii Whether they vse to sing any nomber of psalmes, dirige lyke, at the buryall of the deade. 1828 J. Keble Christian Year (ed. 3) 374 One dirgelike note Of orphanhood and loss. 1862 E. Bulwer-Lytton Strange Story II. xi. 91 Other dogs in the distant village..bayed in a dirge-like chorus. C2. dirge-ale n. an ale-drinking at a funeral (cf. quot. 1408 at sense 1). ΘΠ the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [noun] > drinking intoxicating liquor > drinking socially > at a funeral dirge-ale1587 1587 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. i. i. 32 The superfluous numbers of..church-ales, helpe-ales, and soule-ales, called also dirge-ales..are well diminished. dirge-groat n. money paid for singing the dirge. ΘΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] > funeral expenses > specific payments poll penny1489 dirge-groat1564 dirge-money1564 mortuary1590 1564 T. Becon Displaying Popish Masse Prayers, etc. (1844) 258 Have ye not well deserved your dirige-groat and your dinner? 1721 J. Strype Eccl. Memorials III. xii. 114 The priests did not seldom quarrel with their parishioners for..dirge-groats and such like: for that was the usual reward for singing mass for a soul. dirge-money n. = dirge-groat n. ΘΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] > funeral expenses > specific payments poll penny1489 dirge-groat1564 dirge-money1564 mortuary1590 1564 Briefe Exam. ****** You can be content Dirige money be conuerted to preachynges. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online March 2022). dirgev. Etymology: < dirge n. rare. a. transitive. To sing a dirge over, commit with a dirge. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > formal or ceremonial mourning > exhibit mourning for [verb (transitive)] > mourn with a dirge dirge1826 threnody1893 society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > perform (music) [verb (transitive)] > perform specific types of music jig1598 serenade1672 prelude1795 shivaree1805 dirge1826 ran-tan1866 overture1870 threnody1893 ragtime1908 rag1914 blow1949 1826 T. Hood She is far from Land in Whims & Oddities 76 Waves oversurging her, Syrens a-dirgeing her. a1845 T. Hood Loss Pegasus ii Dirged by Sea Nymphs to his briny grave! b. To sing as a dirge. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (transitive)] > sing mournfully dirge1895 1895 Punch 5 Oct. 162/2 They might all dirge in chorus the old duet of ‘Again we come to thee, Savoy’. c. intransitive. To utter a dirge. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > mournful or plaintive sound > mournful or plaintive [verb (intransitive)] knella1400 plaina1425 mourna1522 groan1602 complain1694 moan1805 dirge1907 1907 C. E. Mulford Bar-20 xxi. 206 Shortly afterward the mournful cry of a whip-poor-will dirged out on the early morning air. 1921 Chambers's Jrnl. 211/2 The dead tops of the Gwynfrwyn trees were swaying and dirging dismally. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online September 2018). < n.?c1225v.1826
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dirgen.

Compounds

dirgev.