discouragev.

Brit.

/dᵻˈskʌrɪdʒ/, U.S.

/dᵻˈskərɪdʒ/

Forms: late Middle English discourrage, late Middle English–1500s dyscorage, late Middle English–1500s dyscourage, late Middle English–1600s discorage, 1500s descourage, 1500s descouraige, 1500s dischorage, 1500s discoradge, 1500s dyscouraige, 1500s dyscourrage, 1500s– discourage, 1600s discoridge, 1600s discorrage; also Scottish pre-1700 discowrage, pre-1700 discurage.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French descourager.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman descuragier, Middle French descourager, descouragier (French décourager ) to deprive (a person) of courage (late 12th cent. in Old French as descoragier ), to deter or dissuade (a person) from (an action, behaviour, etc.) (1422; a1457 in infinitival construction descourager quelqu'un de faire quelque chose ) < des- dis- prefix + corage courage n. Compare Italian (now rare) discoraggiare (a1250 as †discoraiare ). Compare slightly earlier discourage n.In quot. 1483 at sense 1a ultimately after post-classical Latin confudisti hodie vultus omnium servorum tuorum (Vulgate, 2 Samuel 19:5-6); there is no corresponding passage in either the Latin original or the French version of the Legenda Aurea.

a. transitive. To deprive of courage or confidence; to dishearten, dispirit, demoralize. Also intransitive.In quot. 1481 with that-clause as complement; cf. sense 2a. In quot. 1483 with a mental state as object; cf. sense 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > make dejected [verb (transitive)]

drearya1300

discomfortc1325

batec1380

to cast downa1382

to throw downa1382

dullc1386

faintc1386

discomfita1425

discourage1436

sinkc1440

mischeera1450

discheerc1454

amatea1500

bedowa1522

damp1548

quail1548

dash1550

exanimate1552

afflict1561

dank1565

disanimate1565

sadden1565

languish1566

deject1581

dumpc1585

unheart1593

mope1596

chill1597

sour1600

disgallant1601

disheart1603

dishearten1606

fainten1620

depress1624

sullen1628

tristitiate1628

disliven1631

dampen1633

weigh1640

out-spirit1643

dispirit1647

flat1649

funeralize1654

hearta1658

disencourage1659

attrist1680

flatten1683

dismalizec1735

blue-devil1812

out-heart1845

downweigh1851

to get down1861

frigidize1868

languor1891

downcast1914

neg1987

1436 [implied in: 1436 in Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Var. Coll. (1907) IV. 199 in Parl. Papers 1906 (Cd. 3218) LXIV. 1 With this We forse alle the gret discoragyng and discomfort that mygte growe to oure trwe sugectis. (at discouraging n.)].

1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) cxxxii. 196 (heading) How therle of chartres discoraged themperour of Constantinople that he shold not goo and socoure our peple.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. lxx^v/2 Thou hast this day discoraged the chere of alle thy seruauntes, by cause..thou louest them that hate the, And hatest them that loue the.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Jer. xxxviii. 4 Thus he discorageth the hondes of the soudyers y^t be in this cite, and the hondes of all the people.

1570 T. Tymme tr. A. Marlorat Catholike & Eccles. Expos. Mathewe (xxiiii. 14) 563/2 Feare discourageth men.

1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 2 His Royall heart was not daunted or discouraged.

1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. ii. 21 I think no Slow of Despond would discourage me.

a1692 ( in J. Stevenson Lett. & Papers Illustr. Wars Eng. in France (1864) II. 458 A thing of yvel ensample..and like to discourrage men, and to make hem for to estraunge hem to the kyngs service in the werre.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 80 He would be very far from discouraging me.

1789 A. Seward Lett. (1811) II. 226 Difficulty rather stimulates than discourages.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 232 No trick, no lie, which was thought likely to discourage the starving garrison was spared.

1915 Advocate of Peace May 121/1 There is, indeed, in the spectacle of Europe today much to discourage and dishearten the friend of humanity, the believer in progress.

1992 M. Anderson Impostors in Temple iii. 48 Time spent in judging that [student's] answer and critiquing it in a way that does not discourage.

2006 Weekend Bathroom Makeovers (DIY Network) 9/2 When surprises happen, don't let it discourage you; it's just time to move on to plan B.

b. intransitive. To lose courage or confidence; to become disheartened. North American in later use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > dismay > lose heart or be dismayed [verb (intransitive)]

mayc1380

bash1382

dismayc1390

darea1400

dreepc1430

discourage1524

quail1548

blank1642

despond1655

1524 tr. J. de Bourbon Begynnynge & Foundacyon Holy Hospytall sig. E.iv For the turke seynge y^e people of y^e campe dyscourage [Fr. que les gens de son camp estoient descouraiges] & wolde no more go to y^e assautes sent to y^e sayd bachas to come to Rodes w^t his people.

1553 J. Bale Vocacyon f. 48 Because that poore churche shulde not vtterly discourage in her extreme aduersitees.

1574 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Familiar Epist. 51 Scipio considering the Numantins to encrease in pride, and the Romanes too discourage.

1890 Proc. Grand Council Royal & Select Masters Connecticut 191 I trained too long with the anti-slavery men of forty years ago to discourage easily.

1972 Gazette (Montreal) 1 Feb. 16/4 If Earl Ingarfield was the type to discourage easily, a 13-year National Hockey League career would have been just a dream.

2008 Oklahoman (Nexis) 17 Oct. 13 a Al-Qaida does not discourage easily.

a. transitive. To deter or dissuade (a person) from (also †for) an action, practice, behaviour, etc.; to cause or try to cause (a person) to be disinclined to do something. Also in extended use. Occasionally also intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > demotivation > demotivate [verb (transitive)] > discourage

remove?a1425

discourage1437

revoke1447

disporta1450

to take offa1616

to work off1627

to put off1631

dishearten1634

disinvitea1641

to put or set (anyone) by1768

eyebrow1876

1437 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) V. 9 (MED) His departyng discoragyng of þe oþer partie to come to þe said traitie.

?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 18 (MED) For she was so pert and so light of maners, that caused me to be discoraged from her.

1529 T. More Supplyc. Soulys ii. f. xlii Not for that we wold dyscorage you to dyspose well your goodys when ye dye.

1544 R. Tracy Supplycacion to Kynge Henry VIII sig. Bv^v This they doo to dyscorage all men from the studye of Gods worde.

1598 R. Bernard tr. Terence Hecrya Prol., in Terence in Eng. 337 The poet..was nowe almost discouraged for taking any more paines.

1633 King Charles I Declar. Lawful Sports 11 That after the end of Diuine Seruice, Our good people be not disturbed, letted, or discouraged from..hauing of May-Games, Whitson Ales, and Morris-dances.

1680 W. Temple Ess. Excesses of Grief in Miscellanea 173 Unless you..discouraged them to stay with you by using them ill.

a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1684) 191 It discouraged from all Navigation about it.

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters ii. 3 We shall be discouraged from the laborious..task.

1864 Trans. N.Y. State Agric. Soc. 1863 23 798 Some have been discouraged from planting potatoes, the ravages of this potato-bug have been so great.

1891 Monist 2 53 In many indirect ways society discourages from marriage those whom it supposes to be unfit as tested by wealth, rank, or birth.

1929 Good Housek. Aug. 134/1 Even in spite of the dirt, the sticky ring was discouraged from forming.

1972 National Assembly Official Rep. (Republic of Kenya) 27 76 The children were discouraged to pay.

2010 National Trust Mag. Spring 70/3 I'd always wanted to be a gardener but I was discouraged from pursuing it at school.

b. transitive. To prevent or try to prevent (an action, practice, behaviour, etc.) by expressing disapproval or creating difficulties; to hinder or impede (an event or natural process); to deter or inhibit the unwanted activities or development of (an animal or plant).In early use (as in quot. 1572) sometimes with connotations of disheartening or demoralizing, and thus close to sense 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)]

forbidc1000

forrunc1275

forbar1303

before-comec1384

withstanda1400

withholdc1400

prevenec1485

supprime1490

interrupt1497

resist?a1513

prevent1522

discourage1528

prohibit1531

stop1534

forleta1555

bar1559

to bar by and main1567

disbar1567

to cut off1576

embar1577

forestall1579

obvent1588

cancel1594

waylay1625

suppress1651

antevene1655

arceate1657

exarceate1657

interpel1722

stump1858

estop1876

plug1887

pre-empt1957

deter1961

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > from an action, purpose, etc.

warnc888

withseta1330

defendc1330

conclude1382

privea1387

retainc1415

refrain1442

prohibit1483

repel1483

stop1488

sever?1507

discourage1528

seclude?1531

prevent1533

foreclose1536

lock1560

stay1560

disallow1568

intercept1576

to put bya1586

crossa1616

stave1616

prevent1620

secure1623

stave1630

riot1777

tent1781

footer1813

to stop off1891

mozz1941

1528 J. Skelton Honorificatissimo: Replycacion agaynst Yong Scolers sig. Biii For to disparage And to discorage The fame matryculate Of poetes laureate.

1572 J. Bridges tr. R. Gwalther Hundred, Threescore & Fiftene Homelyes vppon Actes Apostles xxix. 209 They perceyue there is no waye left them, but by threates to discourage the constancie of the Apostles.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 86 You shall sometime haue one branche more gallant then his fellowes, whiche yf you cut not away, you discourage all the rest.

1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick ii. xv. 292 I would be loath to discourage the enquiry of any ingenuous artificer.

1657 T. Burton Diary (1828) II. 150 Though the face of public worship of late be discouraged.

1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. i. iv. 85 Thro their oppression..trading is discouraged.

1735 G. Berkeley Querist §42 Idleness should of all things be discouraged.

1744 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Mar. 121 This Roll will..by its great Weight so bruise the Stalks of the Fern, as to discourage its Growth.

1789 W. Abernethy-Drummond Friendly Addr. 19 These excellent Prelates will hereafter discourage even the ordination of Presbyters for Scotland.

1809 S. Smith Wks. (1867) I. 173 A set of lectures upon political economy would be discouraged in Oxford.

1836 Brit. Cycl. Nat. Hist. II. 57/1 Sprinkling frequently with tepid water is of service to free from dust and discourage insects.

1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 56 Laws were made to discourage usury.

1892 Sessional Papers Province Ont. XXIV. No. 18. 47 Any very marked difference at first in shade, soil, or humidity..is apt to so discourage the plant that failure results.

1954 H. S. Commager Freedom, Loyalty, Dissent iii. 91 A society that discourages experiment will find that without experiment there can be no progress.

1998 Jrnl. Advertising 27 49 An age-appropriate advertising campaign designed to discourage tobacco use initiation among children.

2003 Canad. Geographic Trav. & Adventure Spring–Summer 34/2 Bear bells may repel other hikers, but they do little to discourage bears.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	discourage
释义	† discouragen. Forms: late Middle English–1500s discorage, late Middle English–1600s discourage. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: dis- prefix, courage n. Etymology: < dis- prefix + courage n. Compare slightly later discourage v. Compare post-classical Latin discoragium (1454 in a British source). Obsolete. The state of being discouraged; lack or failure of courage; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > dismay > [noun] dismaying13.. discomfortc1405 discourage1434 discouraging1436 discomforting1437 qualm?1531 faintingc1540 quailing1542 discouragement1548 dismayedness1571 dismay1590 disencouragement1598 dismayment1600 exanimation1604 disheartenednessa1680 astonishing1820 disheartenment1876 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > despair, hopelessness > [noun] > want or loss of spirit discomfortc1405 discourage1434 discouraging1436 discomforting1437 discouragement1548 disencouragement1598 disheartenednessa1680 lostness1728 disheartenment1876 1434 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) IV. 223 (MED) After þe seid discomfiture of Orleans I, doutyng of þeir discourages, sente to þeim dyvers your consaillers..offryng hem garnison of men and secours. 1442 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1442 §26. m. 6 To the grete discorage of hem that wolde make shippes and other vesselles. c1500 Three Kings' Sons (1895) 105 Their enemyes were in suche discorage that thei durst not wele be seen at no scarmyssh. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. v. f. xxxvi Manye..be broughte in discourage of themselues, by the reason of pouertye..or of aduersitye. 1586 T. Bright Treat. Melancholie xxxiii. 189 They are..fainte harted, and full of discourage. 1612 J. Speed Theatre of Empire of Great Brit. i. ix. 17/1 Causing their King Canute with discourage to retire. 1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 35 I foresee what stories I should heare within my selfe, all my life after, of discourage and reproach. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online December 2021). discouragev. Brit. /dᵻˈskʌrɪdʒ/, U.S. /dᵻˈskərɪdʒ/ Forms: late Middle English discourrage, late Middle English–1500s dyscorage, late Middle English–1500s dyscourage, late Middle English–1600s discorage, 1500s descourage, 1500s descouraige, 1500s dischorage, 1500s discoradge, 1500s dyscouraige, 1500s dyscourrage, 1500s– discourage, 1600s discoridge, 1600s discorrage; also Scottish pre-1700 discowrage, pre-1700 discurage. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French descourager. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman descuragier, Middle French descourager, descouragier (French décourager ) to deprive (a person) of courage (late 12th cent. in Old French as descoragier ), to deter or dissuade (a person) from (an action, behaviour, etc.) (1422; a1457 in infinitival construction descourager quelqu'un de faire quelque chose ) < des- dis- prefix + corage courage n. Compare Italian (now rare) discoraggiare (a1250 as †discoraiare ). Compare slightly earlier discourage n.In quot. 1483 at sense 1a ultimately after post-classical Latin confudisti hodie vultus omnium servorum tuorum (Vulgate, 2 Samuel 19:5-6); there is no corresponding passage in either the Latin original or the French version of the Legenda Aurea. 1. a. transitive. To deprive of courage or confidence; to dishearten, dispirit, demoralize. Also intransitive.In quot. 1481 with that-clause as complement; cf. sense 2a. In quot. 1483 with a mental state as object; cf. sense 2b. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > make dejected [verb (transitive)] drearya1300 discomfortc1325 batec1380 to cast downa1382 to throw downa1382 dullc1386 faintc1386 discomfita1425 discourage1436 sinkc1440 mischeera1450 discheerc1454 amatea1500 bedowa1522 damp1548 quail1548 dash1550 exanimate1552 afflict1561 dank1565 disanimate1565 sadden1565 languish1566 deject1581 dumpc1585 unheart1593 mope1596 chill1597 sour1600 disgallant1601 disheart1603 dishearten1606 fainten1620 depress1624 sullen1628 tristitiate1628 disliven1631 dampen1633 weigh1640 out-spirit1643 dispirit1647 flat1649 funeralize1654 hearta1658 disencourage1659 attrist1680 flatten1683 dismalizec1735 blue-devil1812 out-heart1845 downweigh1851 to get down1861 frigidize1868 languor1891 downcast1914 neg1987 1436 [implied in: 1436 in Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Var. Coll. (1907) IV. 199 in Parl. Papers 1906 (Cd. 3218) LXIV. 1 With this We forse alle the gret discoragyng and discomfort that mygte growe to oure trwe sugectis. (at discouraging n.)]. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) cxxxii. 196 (heading) How therle of chartres discoraged themperour of Constantinople that he shold not goo and socoure our peple. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. lxx^v/2 Thou hast this day discoraged the chere of alle thy seruauntes, by cause..thou louest them that hate the, And hatest them that loue the. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Jer. xxxviii. 4 Thus he discorageth the hondes of the soudyers y^t be in this cite, and the hondes of all the people. 1570 T. Tymme tr. A. Marlorat Catholike & Eccles. Expos. Mathewe (xxiiii. 14) 563/2 Feare discourageth men. 1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 2 His Royall heart was not daunted or discouraged. 1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. ii. 21 I think no Slow of Despond would discourage me. View more context for this quotation a1692 ( in J. Stevenson Lett. & Papers Illustr. Wars Eng. in France (1864) II. 458 A thing of yvel ensample..and like to discourrage men, and to make hem for to estraunge hem to the kyngs service in the werre. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 80 He would be very far from discouraging me. 1789 A. Seward Lett. (1811) II. 226 Difficulty rather stimulates than discourages. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 232 No trick, no lie, which was thought likely to discourage the starving garrison was spared. 1915 Advocate of Peace May 121/1 There is, indeed, in the spectacle of Europe today much to discourage and dishearten the friend of humanity, the believer in progress. 1992 M. Anderson Impostors in Temple iii. 48 Time spent in judging that [student's] answer and critiquing it in a way that does not discourage. 2006 Weekend Bathroom Makeovers (DIY Network) 9/2 When surprises happen, don't let it discourage you; it's just time to move on to plan B. b. intransitive. To lose courage or confidence; to become disheartened. North American in later use. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > dismay > lose heart or be dismayed [verb (intransitive)] mayc1380 bash1382 dismayc1390 darea1400 dreepc1430 discourage1524 quail1548 blank1642 despond1655 1524 tr. J. de Bourbon Begynnynge & Foundacyon Holy Hospytall sig. E.iv For the turke seynge y^e people of y^e campe dyscourage [Fr. que les gens de son camp estoient descouraiges] & wolde no more go to y^e assautes sent to y^e sayd bachas to come to Rodes w^t his people. 1553 J. Bale Vocacyon f. 48 Because that poore churche shulde not vtterly discourage in her extreme aduersitees. 1574 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Familiar Epist. 51 Scipio considering the Numantins to encrease in pride, and the Romanes too discourage. 1890 Proc. Grand Council Royal & Select Masters Connecticut 191 I trained too long with the anti-slavery men of forty years ago to discourage easily. 1972 Gazette (Montreal) 1 Feb. 16/4 If Earl Ingarfield was the type to discourage easily, a 13-year National Hockey League career would have been just a dream. 2008 Oklahoman (Nexis) 17 Oct. 13 a Al-Qaida does not discourage easily. 2. a. transitive. To deter or dissuade (a person) from (also †for) an action, practice, behaviour, etc.; to cause or try to cause (a person) to be disinclined to do something. Also in extended use. Occasionally also intransitive. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > demotivation > demotivate [verb (transitive)] > discourage remove?a1425 discourage1437 revoke1447 disporta1450 to take offa1616 to work off1627 to put off1631 dishearten1634 disinvitea1641 to put or set (anyone) by1768 eyebrow1876 1437 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) V. 9 (MED) His departyng discoragyng of þe oþer partie to come to þe said traitie. ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 18 (MED) For she was so pert and so light of maners, that caused me to be discoraged from her. 1529 T. More Supplyc. Soulys ii. f. xlii Not for that we wold dyscorage you to dyspose well your goodys when ye dye. 1544 R. Tracy Supplycacion to Kynge Henry VIII sig. Bv^v This they doo to dyscorage all men from the studye of Gods worde. 1598 R. Bernard tr. Terence Hecrya Prol., in Terence in Eng. 337 The poet..was nowe almost discouraged for taking any more paines. 1633 King Charles I Declar. Lawful Sports 11 That after the end of Diuine Seruice, Our good people be not disturbed, letted, or discouraged from..hauing of May-Games, Whitson Ales, and Morris-dances. 1680 W. Temple Ess. Excesses of Grief in Miscellanea 173 Unless you..discouraged them to stay with you by using them ill. a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1684) 191 It discouraged from all Navigation about it. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters ii. 3 We shall be discouraged from the laborious..task. 1864 Trans. N.Y. State Agric. Soc. 1863 23 798 Some have been discouraged from planting potatoes, the ravages of this potato-bug have been so great. 1891 Monist 2 53 In many indirect ways society discourages from marriage those whom it supposes to be unfit as tested by wealth, rank, or birth. 1929 Good Housek. Aug. 134/1 Even in spite of the dirt, the sticky ring was discouraged from forming. 1972 National Assembly Official Rep. (Republic of Kenya) 27 76 The children were discouraged to pay. 2010 National Trust Mag. Spring 70/3 I'd always wanted to be a gardener but I was discouraged from pursuing it at school. b. transitive. To prevent or try to prevent (an action, practice, behaviour, etc.) by expressing disapproval or creating difficulties; to hinder or impede (an event or natural process); to deter or inhibit the unwanted activities or development of (an animal or plant).In early use (as in quot. 1572) sometimes with connotations of disheartening or demoralizing, and thus close to sense 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] forbidc1000 forrunc1275 forbar1303 before-comec1384 withstanda1400 withholdc1400 prevenec1485 supprime1490 interrupt1497 resist?a1513 prevent1522 discourage1528 prohibit1531 stop1534 forleta1555 bar1559 to bar by and main1567 disbar1567 to cut off1576 embar1577 forestall1579 obvent1588 cancel1594 waylay1625 suppress1651 antevene1655 arceate1657 exarceate1657 interpel1722 stump1858 estop1876 plug1887 pre-empt1957 deter1961 the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > from an action, purpose, etc. warnc888 withseta1330 defendc1330 conclude1382 privea1387 retainc1415 refrain1442 prohibit1483 repel1483 stop1488 sever?1507 discourage1528 seclude?1531 prevent1533 foreclose1536 lock1560 stay1560 disallow1568 intercept1576 to put bya1586 crossa1616 stave1616 prevent1620 secure1623 stave1630 riot1777 tent1781 footer1813 to stop off1891 mozz1941 1528 J. Skelton Honorificatissimo: Replycacion agaynst Yong Scolers sig. Biii For to disparage And to discorage The fame matryculate Of poetes laureate. 1572 J. Bridges tr. R. Gwalther Hundred, Threescore & Fiftene Homelyes vppon Actes Apostles xxix. 209 They perceyue there is no waye left them, but by threates to discourage the constancie of the Apostles. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 86 You shall sometime haue one branche more gallant then his fellowes, whiche yf you cut not away, you discourage all the rest. 1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick ii. xv. 292 I would be loath to discourage the enquiry of any ingenuous artificer. 1657 T. Burton Diary (1828) II. 150 Though the face of public worship of late be discouraged. 1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. i. iv. 85 Thro their oppression..trading is discouraged. 1735 G. Berkeley Querist §42 Idleness should of all things be discouraged. 1744 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Mar. 121 This Roll will..by its great Weight so bruise the Stalks of the Fern, as to discourage its Growth. 1789 W. Abernethy-Drummond Friendly Addr. 19 These excellent Prelates will hereafter discourage even the ordination of Presbyters for Scotland. 1809 S. Smith Wks. (1867) I. 173 A set of lectures upon political economy would be discouraged in Oxford. 1836 Brit. Cycl. Nat. Hist. II. 57/1 Sprinkling frequently with tepid water is of service to free from dust and discourage insects. 1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 56 Laws were made to discourage usury. 1892 Sessional Papers Province Ont. XXIV. No. 18. 47 Any very marked difference at first in shade, soil, or humidity..is apt to so discourage the plant that failure results. 1954 H. S. Commager Freedom, Loyalty, Dissent iii. 91 A society that discourages experiment will find that without experiment there can be no progress. 1998 Jrnl. Advertising 27 49 An age-appropriate advertising campaign designed to discourage tobacco use initiation among children. 2003 Canad. Geographic Trav. & Adventure Spring–Summer 34/2 Bear bells may repel other hikers, but they do little to discourage bears. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1434v.1436
随便看	gownsman gownsman of the foundation gownsmen gowntail gowpen gowpenful gowpenfuls gowpens gowster goy goyaesque goyah goyazite goyim goyish goyishness goyle goynire goys goyster gozell gozitan gozle gozzard goût

† discouragen.

discouragev.