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单词 discountenance
释义

discountenancen.

Brit. /dɪˈskaʊntᵻnəns/, U.S. /dɪˈskaʊnt(ə)nəns/
Forms: 1500s discountenaunce, 1500s– discountenance.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: dis- prefix, countenance n.1
Etymology: < dis- prefix + countenance n.1, after discountenance v.Compare Middle French descontenance fact or state of being put out of countenance (1393 (in figurative sense ‘shortcoming (of a day)’) and 1599 in two apparently isolated attestations; French décontenance, rare after late 17th cent.).
Now somewhat archaic.
1. The fact or state of being put out of countenance; discomposure, discomfiture. Also: a matter which causes discomposure or discomfiture. Obsolete.In quot. 1577 as a personification.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > [noun]
stirringc888
maleasea1300
uneasea1300
diseasec1330
perturbationa1382
unrestfulnessc1384
disturbancea1387
unroc1390
distroublancea1400
perturbancec1425
unquietnessc1460
inquietation1461
conturbationc1470
unheart's-ease1470
distroubling1487
wanease15..
inquietness?1504
unrufe1508
sturt1513
pertroublancea1522
inquieting1527
unquieting1548
turmoiling1550
unquiet1551
agitation?1555
storm1569
wanrest1570
discountenance1577
float1579
disquiet1581
brangling1584
diseasefulnessa1586
restlessness1597
hurry1600
disturbancy1603
disquietment1606
disordera1616
laruma1616
uneasinessa1616
diseasementa1617
discomposture1622
discomposition1624
whirr1628
discomposednessa1631
discomposure1632
pother1638
incomposedness1653
inquietude1658
uneasefulness1661
toss1666
disquietednessa1680
intranquillitya1699
disquietude1709
bosom-broil1742
discomfort1779
rufflement1806
feeze1825
uncomfortableness1828
discomforture1832
astasia1839
dysphoria1842
purr1842
peacelessness1852
palaver1899
perturbment1901
heebie-jeebies1923
wahala1966
agita1979
the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > [noun] > abashment
confusion1340
bashmentc1400
abashingc1404
abashmentc1430
abashancea1450
abashednessc1480
discountenance1577
modesty1594
1577 N. Breton Floorish vpon Fancie sig. M.i Discountenaunce hee comes first, and feares mee in this wyse: He hangs his lyppe, holds downe his head, & lookes vnder his eyes.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) iv. sig. Ll3v What an inward discountenance it was to maister Damaetas, to finde his hope of wealth turned to poore verses.
a1628 F. Greville Life of Sidney (1651) vii. 86 The discountenance, and depression which appeared in Sir Francis.
a1641 J. Finett Philoxenis (1656) 39 Much to their discountenance and discontent.
2. The act or fact of discountenancing something; disapproval or disfavour, esp. as shown or expressed. Also: an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disfavour > [noun]
malgracea1450
disfavoura1533
discountenance1579
misfavoura1660
1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 836 He [sc. Pompey] thought that the estimacion of Cato was altogether the discountenaunce [Fr. ruine] of his [own] power and greatnesse.
1607 Dobsons Drie Bobbes vi. sig. H4 Hee repayed all his vncles discountenances with measurable disgraces.
1642 Bp. J. Taylor Of Sacred Order Episcopacy (1647) 338 All discountenance and disgrace done to the Clergy reflect upon Christ.
1673 in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 151 The countenance given to the subscribers and discountenance to the refusers.
1725 J. Collier Several Disc. 369 The Publishers of it..lay under Discountenance and Persecution from the civil Powers.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones VI. xviii. iii. 182 Whether it be that the one Way of cheating is a Discountenance or Reflection upon the other, or [etc.] . View more context for this quotation
1779 S. Johnson Milton in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets II. 223 His great works were performed under discountenance.
1812 P. B. Shelley Proposals for Assoc. Philanthropists 7 The discountenance which government will shew to such an association.
1842 Naval Jrnl. Jan. 156/2 Those who had a short time since the humanity to propose..a discountenance of this criminal conduct.
1862 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. (ed. 3) i. 4 Discountenance of warlike policy.
1904 Amer. Architect & Building News 26 Mar. 100/1 The labor unions, while in a sense deplorable because of their discountenance of all originality, [etc.].
1999 N. Oreskes Rejection of Continental Drift x. 291 A shift in methodological standards accounts for..the discountenance of the work of Alexander du Toit.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

discountenancev.

Brit. /dɪˈskaʊntᵻnəns/, U.S. /dɪˈskaʊnt(ə)nəns/
Forms: 1500s discountenaunce, 1500s– discountenance, 1600s discontenance, 1600s discountinance.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly formed within English, by derivation; partly modelled on a French lexical item. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: dis- prefix, countenance n.1; dis- prefix, countenance v.; French descontenancer.
Etymology: Partly (i) < dis- prefix + countenance n.1, after Middle French desguiser disguise v., partly (ii) < dis- prefix + countenance v., and partly (iii) < Middle French descontenancer (French décontenancer ) to cause (a person) to lose countenance (1549; < des- des- prefix + contenancer countenance v.). Compare slightly later discountenance n., and also deface v.
1. transitive. To mask, disguise, cover up. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > means of concealment > conceal by disguise [verb (transitive)]
beclout?c1225
disguisea1375
veilc1384
dissimule1485
counterfeit1490
dissemble?1507
guisea1510
wry1567
discountenance1574
conceal1598
belie1610
dislikena1616
obvolve1623
transvest1649
travesty1665
mask1847
camouflage1917
1574 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Job xxx. 139/2 True it is that men flatter themselues by discountenancing of their sinnes [Fr. en desguisant leurs pechez], according as we see how these diuelish skoffers and Iesters do cloke them at this day, so that now a dayes if a man speake of Lecherie, it shall be made but a tricke of youth.
1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xii. 196 His owne ambition, which was paraduenture discountenanced [Fr. desguisée] too the common people, but could not be counterfetted before God, who seeth the very bottom of our hearts.
1633 C. Aleyn Battailes Crescey & Poictiers (ed. 2) 62 Nor could we tell what dangerous mischiefe lay To be hatch'd up under the wings of night, Which had even now discountenanc'd the day.
1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. v. 378 The higher Life must be allay'd, and in a manner discountenanc'd and obscur'd; whilst the lower displays it-self, and is exhibited as principal.
2.
a. transitive. To show or express disapproval of (a person); to criticize.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > criticize [verb (intransitive)]
discountenance1574
criticize1621
animadvert1643
kibitz1932
down-talk1959
1574 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Familiar Epist. 341 After this maner they should in their countries be honored, that now go in Court discountenaunced [Sp. corridos].
1591 E. Spenser Teares of Muses in Complaints 340 We silly Maides, whom they..with reprochfull scorne discountenaunce.
1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes i. §45. 76 Discouraging and discountenancing the upright.
1656 H. More Enthusiasmus Triumphatus 23 Such Mock-prophets and false Messiases as these will be discountenanced and hissed off of the stage.
1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random II. lx. 258 I had the satisfaction of seeing Melinda so universally discountenanced, that she was fain to return to London, in order to avoid the scoffs and censure of the ladies at Bath.
1769 J. Wesley Let. 27 June (1931) V. 140 Would it not be well if you started back from every appearance of admiration..and if you utterly discountenanced all who directly or indirectly commended you to your face?
1807 W. H. Ireland Stultifera Navis 251 (note) He..discountenanced him from that hour.
1849 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 455/1 It is true that sober men discountenanced them, rebuked them, [etc.].
1903 Bookman Nov. 250/2 Mr. S. S. McClure was abroad when Mr. Steffens became Managing Editor of McClure's and on his return..scathingly discountenanced him on his management.
1990 A. Blumberg Carefully Planned Accident 173 The Bonapartes found their hopes revived at the accession of Napoleon III, who discountenanced them publicly and encouraged them privately.
b. transitive. To discourage or express disapproval of (an action, practice, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disfavour > [verb (transitive)]
mislooka1450
disfavour1571
discountenance1589
disgrace1593
dishearten1658
to lean against1804
I don't go much on1882
1589 A. Fleming in tr. Virgil Bucolikes Ep. sig. A2 Ripe to deface & discountenance, but rawe to correct or imitate the commendable trauels of well affected Students.
1646 P. Bulkley Gospel-covenant iii. 256 Profanenesse is discountenanced by all.
1681 J. Byrom Necessity of Subjection 10 He was..brought up in a Religion that discountenanced, 'tis true, all manner of Rebellion.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 39. ⁋10 Duels are neither quite discountenanc'd, nor much in vogue.
1766 E. Burke Wks. II. 5 The late administration..discountenanced..the dangerous and unconstitutional practise of removing military officers for their votes in Parliament.
1829 N. Amer. Rev. July 37 We should be happy to contribute to discountenance overbanking and a too adventurous enterprise.
1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 343 The traffic was discountenanced.
1907 E. von Arnim Fräulein Schmidt xxxvi. 144 Lentils, recommended warmly by most books, are discountenanced by two because they make you fat.
1990 Christianity Today 18 June 26/3 The best solution to alcohol abuse is a healthy family life where alcohol consumption is discountenanced.
2006 Canberra Times (Nexis) 11 Nov. a2 In Parliament, Speakers and Presidents discountenance talking across the table.
3. transitive. To put out of countenance, disturb the composure of; to cause to feel shame or perplexity; to disconcert, discomfit, abash. Chiefly in past participle.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > shame [verb (transitive)] > abash
abashc1384
rebash?1473
to put out of countenancec1500
to dash (a person) out of countenance (conceit, courage)1530
deface1537
dash1570
discountenance1584
disgrace1607
debash1610
out-nose1624
to put out of face1821
1584 R. Greene Gwydonius f. 36 Though want of dignitie disgrace me, though want of coyne discountenaunce me, though lacke of wealth impaires my credite, [etc.].
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. xix. sig. M1v Thinking it want of education, which made him so discountenaunced with vnwoonted presence.
1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love iii. i. sig. E4 Sir, let not this discountenance, or dis-gallant you a whit. View more context for this quotation
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd ii. 218 How would one look from his Majestick brow..Discount'nance her despis'd. View more context for this quotation
1690 tr. U. Chevreau Great Scanderberg 89 He was no more discountenanced then, than if he had been at the head of his Army.
1707 J. Norris Pract. Treat. Humility ix. 359 How is my pride further discountenanced, when I see thee my Lord..chusing to unite thyself..with flesh and blood.
1779 S. Johnson Dryden in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets III. 135 He was very modest, and very easily to be discountenanced in his approaches to his equals or superiors.
1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia II. viii. vi. 367 He appeared much discountenanced at this last part of my narrative.
1895 E. Castle Light of Scarthey xxviii. 415 He examined her with a malevolent eye which still discountenanced her.
1986 S. Penman Here be Dragons (1991) (U.K. ed.) i. xl. 552 Richard was not easily discountenanced. John had never seen him so shaken.
2003 Times (Nexis) 29 Dec. 9 Legend has it that he was so discountenanced by the frosty reception he received that he ensured that the Luftwaffe bombed the town.

Derivatives

diˈscountenanced adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > [adjective] > abashed
abasheda1387
out of countenancec1500
discountenanced1644
streaked1833
streaky1848
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disfavour > [adjective] > disfavoured
gracelessa1413
discountenanced1749
unfavoured1774
demonish1808
disfavoured1865
1644 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce (ed. 2) To Parl. sig. A2v The sole advocate of a discount'nanc't truth.
1749 W. Dodwell Free Answer 97 To prevent their preaching a discountenanced Doctrine.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. xii. 298 The discountenanced mercer rode back much slower than he came.
2009 E. Mackie Rakes, Highwaymen, & Pirates i. 12 Modes of authority associated with a discountenanced, indeed criminalized, aristocratic ethos.
diˈscountenancing n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disfavour > [noun] > action of
dishonouring1525
disgracement1561
discountenancing1574
disgrace1581
disgracing1582
1574 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Job xxxvi. 167/1 Let vs not thinke that God laugheth at vs: but lette vs rather too consider that his discountenauncing of the matter is for nothing else but to exercise vs.
1667 J. Locke Ess. Toleration in H. R. F. Bourne Life J. Locke (1876) I. iv. 189 The discountenancing of popery amongst us.
1793 Universal Mag. June 407/2 The discountenancing of ancestry..is so far from a proof of our being wiser than formerly, that [etc.].
1875 Canad. Methodist Mag. Nov. 420 The discountenancing of every press or person that should advocate the hateful cause of the Dissenters.
2004 T. Andersson in B. Murdoch & M. Read Early Germanic Lit. & Culture 192 Bandamanna saga relates the discountenancing at law of eight chieftains by a sly old man with a sardonic view of human nature.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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