-teencomb. form

Stress is usually attracted to this combining form, e.g. nineteen adj. and n.

Forms: Old English -teno, Old English -teone (rare), Old English -tina (rare), Old English -tyn (rare), Old English -tyno (rare), Old English -tynu (rare), Old English (rare)–early Middle English -tyna, Old English (rare)–early Middle English -tynæ, Old English–Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) -tiene, Old English–Middle English -tyne, Old English–1500s -tene, Old English 1500s–1600s (1700s Scottish) -tine, late Old English -tenæ, early Middle English -tena, early Middle English -tune, Middle English–1500s -ten, Middle English–1500s -teyn, Middle English–1600s -teene, Middle English– -teen, 1500s -teyne, 1500s–1600s -teine (Scottish), 1500s–1700s -tein, 1700s -tien.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian -tēna , -tine , Old Saxon -tehan , -tein , -tian (Middle Low German -tein ), Middle Dutch -tiene , -tien (Dutch -tien ), Old High German -zehan , -zēn (Middle High German -zehen , German -zehn ) < the Germanic base of ten adj.Old English -tīene (non-West Saxon -tēne ) apparently continues a plural form of ten adj., with the same plural ending -e (nominative and accusative plural of i -stem nouns) seen in the lower cardinal numerals when they are inflected. This (originally) plural form came to be reanalysed as a combining form, and the resulting compounds function as uninflected numerals. (However, forms may also regularly inflect for genitive and dative.) Neuter plural forms in -o , -u are attested in Northumbrian, in West Saxon sources showing Mercian influence, and in verse. Although the combining form functions as the second element in compound numerals, its stem vowel apparently retained sufficient stress not to be shortened in Middle English, even after the final -e of -tēne ceased to be pronounced, and the long vowel continued to develop regularly. Later, stress appears to have been variable (different patterns are recorded in 18th-cent. sources for individual numerals). In current English, primary stress is typically on the second element, but varies according to syntactic position, e.g. if the numeral precedes a noun the primary stress usually falls on the first element (with secondary stress on the second), and in counting the second element is usually unstressed. The pattern with primary stress on the second element may have been generalized to distinguish more easily the numerals in -teen comb. form from those in -ty suffix². Additional formations with this element. In addition to the cardinal numerals ‘13’ to ‘19’ (all of which are inherited from Germanic), in the post-medieval period new formations are occasionally found, e.g. eleventeen n. (17th cent.) and umpteen adj. (20th cent.). Ordinal numerals. The equivalent ordinal numerals are formed regularly with the suffix -th suffix²; these superseded earlier (inherited Germanic) formations with forms of the Germanic base of tenth adj. (for these see the individual entries, e.g. fifteenth adj.). Compare also umpteenth adj. at umpteen adj. and n. Derivatives.

An inflected form of ten adj., n., and adv., added to the simple numerals from three to nine, to form the names of those from thirteen to nineteen.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	-teen
释义	-teencomb. form Stress is usually attracted to this combining form, e.g. nineteen adj. and n. Forms: Old English -teno, Old English -teone (rare), Old English -tina (rare), Old English -tyn (rare), Old English -tyno (rare), Old English -tynu (rare), Old English (rare)–early Middle English -tyna, Old English (rare)–early Middle English -tynæ, Old English–Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) -tiene, Old English–Middle English -tyne, Old English–1500s -tene, Old English 1500s–1600s (1700s Scottish) -tine, late Old English -tenæ, early Middle English -tena, early Middle English -tune, Middle English–1500s -ten, Middle English–1500s -teyn, Middle English–1600s -teene, Middle English– -teen, 1500s -teyne, 1500s–1600s -teine (Scottish), 1500s–1700s -tein, 1700s -tien. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian -tēna , -tine , Old Saxon -tehan , -tein , -tian (Middle Low German -tein ), Middle Dutch -tiene , -tien (Dutch -tien ), Old High German -zehan , -zēn (Middle High German -zehen , German -zehn ) < the Germanic base of ten adj.Old English -tīene (non-West Saxon -tēne ) apparently continues a plural form of ten adj., with the same plural ending -e (nominative and accusative plural of i -stem nouns) seen in the lower cardinal numerals when they are inflected. This (originally) plural form came to be reanalysed as a combining form, and the resulting compounds function as uninflected numerals. (However, forms may also regularly inflect for genitive and dative.) Neuter plural forms in -o , -u are attested in Northumbrian, in West Saxon sources showing Mercian influence, and in verse. Although the combining form functions as the second element in compound numerals, its stem vowel apparently retained sufficient stress not to be shortened in Middle English, even after the final -e of -tēne ceased to be pronounced, and the long vowel continued to develop regularly. Later, stress appears to have been variable (different patterns are recorded in 18th-cent. sources for individual numerals). In current English, primary stress is typically on the second element, but varies according to syntactic position, e.g. if the numeral precedes a noun the primary stress usually falls on the first element (with secondary stress on the second), and in counting the second element is usually unstressed. The pattern with primary stress on the second element may have been generalized to distinguish more easily the numerals in -teen comb. form from those in -ty suffix². Additional formations with this element. In addition to the cardinal numerals ‘13’ to ‘19’ (all of which are inherited from Germanic), in the post-medieval period new formations are occasionally found, e.g. eleventeen n. (17th cent.) and umpteen adj. (20th cent.). Ordinal numerals. The equivalent ordinal numerals are formed regularly with the suffix -th suffix²; these superseded earlier (inherited Germanic) formations with forms of the Germanic base of tenth adj. (for these see the individual entries, e.g. fifteenth adj.). Compare also umpteenth adj. at umpteen adj. and n. Derivatives. An inflected form of ten adj., n., and adv., added to the simple numerals from three to nine, to form the names of those from thirteen to nineteen. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < comb. form
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