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单词 digestion
释义

digestionn.

/dɪˈdʒɛstʃən//dʌɪˈdʒɛstʃən/
Forms: Also α. Middle English digestioun, Middle English degestyon, Middle English dy-. β. 1500s–1600s (1800s dialect) disgestion.
Etymology: < French digestion (13th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), < Latin dīgestiōn-em , digestion, arrangement, noun of action < dīgerĕre (past participle dīgest- ) to digest v.
1.
a. The physiological process whereby the nutritive part of the food consumed is, in the stomach and intestines, rendered fit to be assimilated by the system.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > [noun] > digestion
defyingc1315
digestionc1386
digest1398
seething1398
concoction?1531
concocting1541
decoction1541
digesting1541
digesture1565
enduing1575
fleeting1581
elixation1621
coction1667
c1386 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 339 The Norice of digestioun the sleepe.
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 169 Þat þe mete miȝte abide in þe stomak for to make digestion.
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 37 Heavinesse and care hinder digestion.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ix. sig. V7 The kitchin clerke, that hight Digestion, Did order all th'Achates in seemely wise.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iii. 229 Things sweet to taste, prooue in digestion sowre. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 4 His sleep Was Aerie light, from pure digestion bred. View more context for this quotation
1705 F. Fuller Medicina Gymnastica 172 I don't believe Digestion is perform'd by Putrefaction.
1834 H. McMurtrie tr. G. Cuvier Animal Kingdom (abridged ed.) 279 Insects vary infinitely as to the form of the organs of the mouth, and those of digestion.
1860 R. W. Emerson Fate in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 10 In certain men, digestion and sex absorb the vital force.
1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems xxiii Who can wonder? In all is health, digestion, Pure and vigorous.
1878 in G. P. Lathrop Masque of Poets 47 Is it trouble of conscience or morbid digestion?
b. The analogous process in insectivorous plants.
ΚΠ
1875 C. Darwin Insectivorous Plants vi. 85 It becomes an interesting inquiry, whether they [Drosera]..have the power of digestion.
1880 W. R. McNab Bot.: Outl. Morphol. & Physiol. iv. 96 The insects..are..covered with a secretion containing an acid, and a substance closely resembling pepsine, and a true process of digestion goes on similar to the digestion in the stomach of an animal.
c. In old Physiology. first, second, and third digestion: see concoction n. 1b. Also figurative. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. xxxix. 154 The lyuer drawyth in to his holownes of the woos of the fyrst degestyon.
1608 Bp. J. Hall Epist. I. ii. ix. 176 To chuse the season for counsell..and that season is, after the first digestion of sorrow.
1609 W. B. tr. Philosophers Banquet i. ii. f. 4v The act digestiuely, is finished in the third digestion.
1659 T. Burton Diary (1828) IV. 207 If there be an error..of the first digestion, it is incurable.
d. figurative.
ΚΠ
c1592 C. Marlowe Massacre at Paris ii. vi. (version in Dyce) Hote enough to worke Thy just degestione with extreamest shame.
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. ii. §3. 391 If no other State gaue the Romans somewhat to trouble their digestion.
e. slow of digestion, easy of digestion, hard of digestion: slow, easy, hard to be digested. So of hard (etc.) digestion: cf. 4. Also figurative.
ΚΠ
1539 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) ii. xiii. 31 b It is slowe of digestion.
1599 H. Buttes Dyets Dry Dinner sig. M8v Oyster..somewhat hard of degestion.
1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Persian Wars ii. 64 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian Their laws hard of disgestion, and their commands intollerable.
1699 Bp. G. Burnet Expos. 39 Articles (1700) ix. 116 A Doctrine that seems to be of hard digestion to a great many.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 320 These conditions were not of an easy digestion.
1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 253 Flesh roasted..not so easy of Digestion as boil'd.
1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. II. xxxi. 200 These points were of hard digestion with the princess.
1838 Penny Cycl. X. 343 Mucus..is deemed both nutritious and of easy digestion.
1863–72 H. Watts Dict. Chem. II. 327 Raw flesh is generally regarded as more difficult of digestion than boiled or roast meat.
2. The power or faculty of digesting food.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > [noun] > digestion > faculty or power of
digestion1398
digesture1565
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. xlvi. 163 In wynter is grete appetyte and strong degestyon.
c1450 (a1449) J. Lydgate Diatorie (Lamb. 853) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 54 Cleer eir & walking makiþ good digestioun.
1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. xxi. sig. fiij A man hauing due concoction and digestion as is expedient.
1589 T. Nashe Anat. Absurditie sig. Diiiv Our disgestion would be better, if our dishes were fewer.
a1710 South in Tatler No. 205. ⁋5 Every Morsel to a satisfied Hunger, is only a new Labour to a tired Digestion.
1846 G. E. Day tr. J. F. Simon Animal Chem. II. 41 Indications of a morbid digestion.
1861 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing (new ed.) ii. 27 Weakness of digestion depends upon habits.
3. figurative. The action of digesting, or obtaining mental nourishment from (books, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > [noun] > assimilating ideas
imbibition1603
digestiona1610
intussusception1860
osmosis1930
a1610 J. Healey tr. Epictetus Manuall (1636) lxix. 90 Effectes following the due disgestion of verball precepts.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Surrey 80 He had a great appetite to Learning and a quick digestion.
1839 W. Irving Mountjoy in Knickerbocker Mag. Nov. 405 Glencoe supplied me with books, and I devoured them with appetite, if not digestion.
4. The action of putting up with or bearing without resistance; brooking, endurance. ? Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > [noun] > forbearance or tolerance
mercya1225
tholea1325
patiencyc1350
patiencea1382
abidingc1384
sustentationc1384
tack1412
tolerancya1556
digesture1567
toleration1582
acceptance1586
forbearance1599
brooking1624
digestion1653
tolerance1765
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures iv. 9 Having received so bold an answer..found it very rude, and hard of digestion.
1760 L. Sterne Serm. (1784) III. 6 The silent digestion of one wrong provokes a second.
5. Chemistry.
a. The operation of maturing or preparing a substance by the action of gentle heat; concoction, maturation, condensation, coagulation; also susceptibility to this operation, and concrete the condition resulting from it. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > digestion
digestion1477
1477 T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy v, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 61 Then of divers degrees and of divers digestion, Colours will arise towards perfection.
1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors v. f. 67 Brasse, latine and suche lyke..differ in digestion, the copper beyng purest, is of best digestion.
1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors v. f. 68 Iron..also being of two extreame digestion, passing all other metalls in hardenes.
1594 H. Plat Diuerse Sorts of Soyle 32 in Jewell House It [sc. clay] should seeme to differ onely in digestion from marle.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §327 We conceive..that a perfect good Concoction, or Disgestion, or Maturation of some Metalls, will produce Gold.
1651 J. French Art Distillation i. 10 Digestion, is a concocting, or maturation of crude things by an easie, and gentle heat.
1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 293 Their digestion or coagulation is more in some than in others.
a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) iv. ii. 307 The latter [Minerals] seem to be Concretions and Digestions in the Bowels of the Earth.
b. The operation of exposing a substance to the action of a liquid with the aid of heat, for the purpose of extracting the soluble constituents.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > digestion > with liquid
digestion1612
1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. iii. sig. D4v [I put the ingredients] in a Bolts-head, nipp'd to digestion . View more context for this quotation
1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall xxii. 164 In our Digestions and Distillations.
1757 A. Cooper Compl. Distiller i. v. 32 A Vessel for Digestion, called by Chemists a Pelican or circulatory Vessel.
1807 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 3) II. 366 The digestion was continued till the solution was complete.
1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 19 When a solid substance..is left for a certain time in a fluid, and the mixture is kept exposed to a slow degree of heat, the process is called digestion.
1868 J. F. Royle Man. Materia Med. (ed. 5) 10 Digestion is similar to Maceration, but the action is promoted by a heat from 90° to 100°.
6. Surgery. The process of maturing an ulcer or wound; disposition to healthy suppuration. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatments removing or dispersing matter > [noun] > promoting or maturing suppuration
digestion1676
1676 R. Wiseman Severall Chirurg. Treat. 111 I shewed him that by Digestion the remaining fleshy body..would come away.
1689 J. Moyle Abstr. Sea Chyrurg. ii. iv. 34 Prepare your fomentation to help on digestion.
1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. ii. 126 Lacerations are never cured without coming to Digestion.
1830 S. Cooper Dict. Pract. Surg. (ed. 6) 374 By the digestion of a wound or ulcer, the old Surgeons meant bringing it into a state, in which it formed healthy pus.
7. figurative. The process of maturing (plans) by careful consideration and deliberation. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun]
compassinga1300
compassmentc1300
ordainingc1350
ordinancec1385
imaginationa1393
conjectmentc1400
before-castinga1425
forecastinga1425
imagininga1449
conjectinga1450
machinationc1550
platforming1560
plotting1593
contrivement1599
agitation1600
contrival1602
contrivage1610
projection1611
projectment1611
contrivance1647
politics1650
digestion1680
planning1730
contriving1751
scheme1790
scheming1813
schemery1822
replanning1853
mapping1856
macroplanning1966
1680 W. Temple Surv. Constit. of Empire in Wks. (1731) I. 86 The Digestion of their Counsels is made in a Senate consisting of Forty Counsellors.
8.
a. The action of methodizing and reducing to order. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > [noun] > putting in order > reducing to order
digestion1553
methodizing1646
methodization1827
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 106 Digestion is an ordely placyng of thynges, partyng every matter severally.
b. The result of this process, a digested condition; a methodical arrangement; a digest n. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > [noun]
abbreviationa1464
summary1509
breve1523
bridgement1523
abbreviate1531
summulary1533
breviary1547
extract1549
digest1555
brief1563
promptuary1577
abbreviature1578
institute1578
breviation1580
breviate1581
compendiary1589
symbol1594
ramass1596
compendium1608
abridgement1609
digestment1610
digestion1613
epitome1623
abridge1634
comprisal1640
comprisurea1641
syntome1641
medulla1644
multum in parvo1653
contracta1657
landscape1656
comprehension1659
sylloge1686
contraction1697
résumé1782
compend1796
sum-up1848
roundup1884
wrap-up1960
1613 G. Chapman Reuenge Bussy D'Ambois v. sig. H4 The Chaos of eternall night, (To which the whole digestion of the world Is now returning).
1668 M. Hale Pref. Rolle's Abridgm. 7 Every Student..may easily Form unto himself a general Digestion of the Law.
1754 Farro (title) Royal Universal British Grammar and Vocabulary, being a digestion of the entire English Language into its proper parts of speech.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
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