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单词 diphthong
释义

diphthongn.

Brit. /ˈdɪfθɒŋ/, /ˈdɪpθɒŋ/, U.S. /ˈdɪpˌθɔŋ/, /ˈdɪfˌθɔŋ/, /ˈdɪpˌθɑŋ/, /ˈdɪfˌθɑŋ/
Forms: Middle English–1500s diptong(e, ( dypton), 1500s dyphtong, diphthonge, diphthongue, 1600s–1800s dipthong, 1700s dipthongue, 1500s– diphthong.
Etymology: < French diphthongue, earlier dyptongue, < Latin diphthongus, < Greek δίϕθογγος, adjective, having two sounds, noun, a diphthong, < δι-, δίς twice, doubly + ϕθόγγος voice, sound.
a. A union of two vowels pronounced in one syllable; the combination of a sonantal with a consonantal vowel.The latter is usually one of the two vowels i and u, the extremes of the vowel scale, which pass into the consonants y, w. When these sounds, called by Melville Bell glides, follow the sonantal vowel, the combination is called a ‘falling diphthong’, as in out, how, boil, boy; when they precede, the combination is a ‘rising diphthong’, as in Italian uovo, piano. It is common in the latter case to consider the first element as the consonant w or y.
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the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > vowel > [noun] > diphthong
diphthong1483
bivocal1813
parasite-diphthong1888
rising diphthong1888
murmur diphthong1892
1483 Cath. Angl. 100/2 A Diptonge [MS. A. Dypton], diptongus.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 213/2 Diphthonge, diphthongue.
a1637 B. Jonson Eng. Gram. i. v, in Wks. (1640) III Dipthongs are the complexions, or couplings of Vowells.
1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 15 I and u according to our English pronunciation of them, are not properly Vowels, but Diphthongs.
1749 J. Mason Ess. Power & Harmony Prosaic Numbers 9 All Dipthongs are naturally long. But in English Numbers they are often short.
1876 C. P. Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) §17 When two vowel sounds are uttered without a break between them, we get what is called a vocal or sonant diphthong.
1888 J. Wright Old High-German Primer §10 All the Old High German diphthongs..were falling diphthongs; that is, the stress fell upon the first of the two elements.
1892 H. Sweet New Eng. Gram. 230 If two vowels are uttered with one impulse of stress, so as to form a single syllable, the combination is called a diphthong, such as (oi) in oil.
b. Often applied to a combination of two vowel characters, more correctly called digraph n.1When the two letters represent a simple sound, as ea, ou, in head /hɛd/, soup /suːp/, they have been termed an improper diphthong: properly speaking these are monophthongs written by digraphs.
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society > communication > writing > written character > [noun] > letter > digraph or trigraph
diphthong1530
trigram1606
triphthong1711
digraph1780
trigraph1836
digram1864
geminative1885
polygraph1893
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 15 This diphthong ou..in the frenche tong shalbe sounded lyke as the Italians sounde this vowell u.
c1620 A. Hume Of Orthogr. Britan Tongue (1870) i. iii. §2 We have of this thre diphthonges, tuae with a befoer, ae and ai, and ane with the e befoer, ea.
1668 Price in A. J. Ellis On Early Eng. Pronunc. i. iii. (Chaucer Soc.) 125 That is an improper dipthong that loseth the sound of one vowel. There are eight improper dipthongs, ea ee ie eo, ea oo ui, ou obscure as in cousin.
1876 C. P. Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) §17 When two of the letters called vowels are written together to represent either a sonant diphthong or a simple vowel sound, we get a written diphthong or digraph.
1876 C. P. Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) §25 The same letter or diphthong often represents very different vowel sounds.
c. esp. In popular use, applied to the ligatures æ, œ of the Roman alphabet.As pronounced in later Latin, and in modern use, these are no longer diphthongs, but monophthongs; the Old English ligatures æ and œ always represented monophthongs.
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society > communication > writing > written character > [noun] > letter > ligature or compendium
diphthong1587
ligature1693
compendium1833
1587 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. xix. i. 312 Waldæne with a diphthong.
1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments To Rdr. sig. A ij I write the Latine..as I find it..E vocall for E diphthong, diphthongs being but lately come into use.
a1719 J. Addison Dialogues Medals in Wks. (1721) I. i. 442 We find that Felix is never written with an œ dipthongue.
1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. III. 61 The following epitaph, in which the dipthong æ, according to the custom of those times, is expressed by a single e:..Vitam obiit VII Id. Oct. etatis sue ann. I. & L.
d. transferred. Applied to a combination of two consonants in one syllable ( consonantal diphthong), especially to such intimate unions as those of ch // and dg or j //, in church, judge.
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the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > obstruent > spirant or continuant > affricate
consonantal diphthong1862
consonant diphthong1862
affricate1876
affricative1879
1862 M. Hopkins Hawaii 65 The Hawaiian alphabet..is..destitute of consonant diphthongs.
1889 I. Pitman Man. Phonogr. (new ed.) §64 The simple articulations p, b, t, d, etc. are often closely united with the liquids l and r, forming a kind of consonant diphthong..as in plough..try.
e. attributive. = diphthongal adj.
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the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > vowel > [adjective] > diphthong
diphthongal1749
diphthong1798
diphthongous1833
diphthongic1883
1798 H. Blair Lect. Rhetoric I. ix (R.) We abound more in vowel and diphthong sounds, than most languages.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

diphthongv.

Etymology: < diphthong n.: compare modern French diphthonguer.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈdiphthong.
transitive. To sound as a diphthong; to make into a diphthong.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > vowel > furnish with or produce by vowel [verb (transitive)] > diphthongize
diphthong1846
diphthongize1866
1846 J. E. Worcester Universal Dict. Eng. Lang. (citing Chr. Observer).
1888 H. Sweet Hist. Eng. Sounds (new ed.) 21 Isolative diphthonging or ‘vowel-cleaving’ mainly affects long vowels.
1888 H. Sweet Hist. Eng. Sounds (new ed.) 277 The characteristic feature of the [living English] vowel-system is its diphthonging of all the earlier long monophthongs.
1894 F. J. Curtis Invest. Rimes Clariodus 50 Arguments for the diphthonging of ī in early texts.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online September 2021).
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n.1483v.1846
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