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单词 diffused
释义

diffusedadj.

Brit. /dᵻˈfjuːzd/, U.S. /dᵻˈfjuzd/
Forms: late Middle English diffusede, late Middle English–1600s defused, late Middle English– diffused.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: diffuse adj.; diffuse v., -ed suffix1.
Etymology: Partly (in senses 1 and 2) an alteration of diffuse adj. after adjectives ending in -ed suffix1 (compare later diffuse v. 6), and partly (in later senses) < diffuse v. + -ed suffix1.
I. Senses relating to confusion or complexity.
1. Difficult to understand, obscure; confused; disordered. Cf. diffuse adj. 1, diffuse v. 6. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > unintelligibility > depth, obscurity > [adjective]
higheOE
dighela1000
deepc1000
darkOE
starkOE
dusk?c1225
subtle1340
dimc1350
subtilea1393
covert1393
mystica1398
murka1400
cloudyc1400
hard?c1400
mistyc1400
unclearc1400
diffuse1430
abstractc1450
diffused?1456
exquisitec1460
obnubilous?a1475
obscure?a1475
covered1484
intricate?a1500
nice?a1500
perplexeda1500
difficilea1513
difficult1530
privy1532
smoky1533
secret1535
abstruse?1549
difficul1552
entangled1561
confounded1572
darksome1574
obnubilate1575
enigmatical1576
confuse1577
mysteriousa1586
Delphic1598
obfuscatea1600
enfumed1601
Delphicala1603
obstruse1604
abstracted1605
confused1611
questionable1611
inevident1614
recondite1619
cryptic1620
obfuscated1620
transcendent1624
Delphian1625
oraculous1625
enigmatic1628
recluse1629
abdite1635
undilucidated1635
clouded1641
benighted1647
oblite1650
researched1653
obnubilated1658
obscurative1664
tenebrose1677
hyperbyssal1691
condite1695
diffusive1709
profound1710
tenebricose1730
oracular1749
opaque1761
unenlightening1768
darkling1795
offuscating1798
unrecognizable1817
tough1820
abstrusive1848
obscurant1878
out-of-focus1891
unplumbable1895
inenubilable1903
non-transparent1939
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > insecure knowledge, uncertainty > [adjective] > obscure, vague
cloudyc1400
indeterminatec1400
diffuse1430
diffused?1456
obscure?a1475
infinite1520
ambiguous1529
indistincta1530
nubilous1533
dark1557
undetermined1588
undefinite1589
undeterminate1603
indetermined1611
undefined1611
suspense1624
umbrageous1635
clouded1641
undeterminated1641
fuliginous1646
implicit1660
vague1690
diffusive1709
nubilose1730
foggy1737
unliquidated1780
hazy1781
indecisive1815
nebulous1817
penumbral1819
aoristic1846
scumbled1868
nubiform1873
out-of-focus1891
fuzzy1937
soft focus1938
?1456 H. at Fenne in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 137 Þe mater was defused and dubble jntendementz after dyuerse mennys appynyons.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. xxxiii. C So diffused a language, that it maye not be vnderstonde.
1568 W. Fulwood Enimie Idlenesse i. sig. Biiiiv The fayrest language that may bee, is the common and familiar speache, and not that of rare and diffused phrases, or inckhorne termes.
1591 R. Greene Farewell to Folly sig. C3v I haue seene an English Gentleman so defused in his sutes, his doublet being for the weare of Castile, his hose for Venice, his hat for France.
1608 R. Armin Nest of Ninnies sig. A3v The whole lumpe of this defused Chaios.
1624 T. Gataker Discuss. Transubstant. 134 You may not marvaile why his answer is so diffused, deformed and mis-figured.
II. Senses relating to dispersion.
2. Of speech, writing, or literary style: expressed in or containing many words; expansive, discursive; (in negative sense) long-winded, verbose. Cf. diffuse adj. 3. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [adjective] > verbose
wordyOE
of many wordsc1350
windya1382
diffused?a1475
word-dearthing1593
verbosious1601
worded1602
wordish1604
diffuse1612
wording1615
diffusive1624
verbose1665
baggy1866
talky1937
waffling1945
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 39 Marianus..makenge a harde and a diffusede cronicle [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. a grete cronicle and huge; L. magnam et diffusam chronicam].
1597 Bp. J. King Lect. Ionas xix. 242 To reduce a diffused, but a dangerous & intricate question.
1653 J. Gauden Hieraspistes To Rdr. sig. f1 The fashion of writing by way of Apology (which requires a diffused and pathetick stile) was..judged the best.
1660 J. Gauden Μεγαλεια Θεου 18 Some points may by long Orations be..extended to such great latitudes of diffused expressions, as make them very combersom.
1774 P. Francis in tr. I. de Pinto Ess. Circulation & Credit Pref. p. xvii Some remarks, which would have made the text too diffused..are mentioned in notes.
1824 Lit. Chron. & Weekly Rev. 31 Jan. 72/1 His style is flowing, but affected and diffused.
1896 Oracle Encycl. IV. 528/1 Having a turn for diffused speeches, he bored his way into notice.
1998 P. B. Trescott in J. C. W. Ahiakpor Keynes & Classics Reconsidered viii. 161 The writing style is very diffused.
3.
a. Spread throughout or over a large area, widespread; disseminated. Cf. diffuse adj. 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > illumination > [noun] > indirect or diffused
diffused?1570
indirect lighting1925
the world > space > extension in space > spreading or diffusion > [adjective] > spread or diffused
diffusec1475
diffused?1570
spread1585
distended1595
squandered1647
disseminated1662
smeared out1931
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > extensive or on a large scale
largea1400
ample1437
farc1475
diffused?1570
spacious1589
extensive1605
wholesale1642
diffuse1644
extense1644
voluminousa1652
amplivagant1656
extentive1658
numerousa1661
extended1700
amplivagous1731
far-reaching1824
Homeric1841
large-scale1856
wholescale1910
wide-scale1925
big-scale1930
macroscopic1931
broadscale1958
?1570 E. Elviden Hist. Pesistratus & Catanea sig. K.viii They had dyde the stained ground with their diffused bloud.
1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xvi. ii. 572 Christ..in whose houses, that is, in whose churches, the diffused nations shall inhabite. For Iaphet is, diffused.
1644 K. Digby Two Treat. ii. Concl. 449 Able to exempt themselues from thy diffused powers.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 59 He had a most diffused love to all mankind.
1756 D. Monro Ess. Dropsy (ed. 2) ii. i. 78 The principal..seat of the diffused dropsy, is that cellular membranous substance which is to be found every where under the skin.
1833 J. Grant Course of Serm. for Year I. xxxiv. 480 Who can comprehend his distinct personality, combined with his diffused omnipresence?
1910 Pop. Astron. 18 163 A very diffused mass of cometary matter.
1953 A. C. Marts Philanthropy's Role in Civilization xviii. 190 The American ideal of diffused responsibility and private philanthropy.
2005 Isis 96 425/1 The two most widely diffused compilations were the Toledan Tables..and the Alfonsine Tables.
b. Of light: spread evenly, resulting in a reduction in intensity; indirect. Also (of a system of lighting): designed to produce such light. Cf. diffuse adj. 2e.
ΚΠ
1622 J. Everard Three Sunnes Seene 10 This diffused light seemed to concenter, as it were, and gather to three heads, which in short space appeared to the view of the beholders to be three Sunnes.
1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe iv. 601 Neither of these could be without the other, as the Original Light or Sun could not be without the Splendour, nor the Splendour without the Original Light, and neither one nor t'other of them without a Diffused Derivative Light.
1715 E. Halley in Philos. Trans. 1714–16 (Royal Soc.) 29 250 A diffused Light which made the Air seem hazey.
1743 tr. Lucretius Of Nature of Things I. i. 5 The smooth Sky shines with diffused Light.
1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 748 Within two hours in direct sunlight, within six hours in diffused daylight.
1926 Brit. Standard Gloss. Terms Electr. Engin. (Brit. Engin. Standards Assoc.) 146 Diffused lighting, a system of lighting in which the luminous flux, after passing through a diffusing medium, reaches the area to be illuminated, in part directly and in part indirectly.
1939 Pop. Photogr. Nov. 76/3 A cloudy day and a spot out in the open gives a very good diffused lighting for this type of picture.
1993 TLC for Plants Winter 29/2 Plant calatheas in a peat-based medium and provide diffused sunlight or partial shade.
2000 Watermark Catal. (RNLI) Christmas 14/2 The glass shade has an authentic ‘milky’ finish to cast a diffused light.
4. Esp. of knowledge or learning: wide-ranging, comprehensive; diverse; = diffuse adj. 2c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > condition or state of being inclusive > [adjective] > inclusive or comprehensive
largea1400
wide1534
capable1592
inclusive1604
comprehensive1614
all-comprehensive1650
complexive1654
diffused1658
comprehensional1673
perileptic1678
all-encompassing1805
unexcluding1822
widish1845
all-embracing1847
unexclusive1852
all-inclusive1858
broad1872
embracive1897
periscopic1912
wide-angle1932
umbrella1949
1658 P. Heylyn Stumbling-block of Disobedience v. 160 The study of Divinitie is diffused and large, and..the knowledge of Philosophie and the Arts and Histories, is but attendant on the same and subservient to it.
1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) Introd. 15 Galen, with all his vast and diffused Learning.
1702 R. Neve Apopiroscopy Prolegomenon sig. A5 The diffused Knowledge and Sagacity of Philosophers.
1856 W. Bagehot in National Rev. Oct. 378 The diffused life of genial enjoyment which was common to Scott and to Shakespeare, was quite out of his way.
1898 J. E. C. Bodley France I. i. iii. 208 The civilisation of France..is an heritage of the ages, and its possession accounts for the good use to which Frenchmen of modest origin can put the advantages of a diffused education.
1912 Fortn. Rev. 1 Jan. 169 A working man who is intellectually, in the quality of his mind more, perhaps, than in the quantity of his diffused knowledge, distinctly inferior to the men who so eagerly followed Kingsley, Huxley, and Spencer.
2006 Y. B. Shalom Educating Israel i. 18 Participants who come from a universalistic and diffused background will find it much easier to adopt the customs of others.
5. Of a person, the body, or limbs: extended, spread out, esp. in a relaxed manner. Chiefly in predicative use. Cf. diffuse v. 5. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of stretching body > [adjective]
stretched1518
diffused1671
effused1868
1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 118 See how he lies at random, carelesly diffus'd.
1706 I. Watts Horæ Lyricæ ii. 237 Beneath your Sacred Shade diffus'd we lay.
1843 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 361/2 In the usher's chair were ensconced two urchins.., with their legs diffused in a picturesque attitude along the writing-desk.
1866 H. A. J. Munro tr. Lucretius De Rerum Natura (ed. 2) II. iii. 59 When the limbs are consigned to soft sleep and the burdened body lies diffused without sense.
1884 ‘M. Field’ Callirrhoë i. i. 7 She wakes and gathers up diffused dark limbs, Springing from slumber.
1994 M. H. Williams in R. Negri Newborn in Intensive Care Unit p. xviii I lay randomly diffused in all directions, unable to prop my languished head.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.?1456
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