dialecticaln.adj.

Brit.

/ˌdʌɪəˈlɛktᵻkl/, U.S.

/ˌdaɪəˈlɛktəkəl/

Forms: 1500s dialeticall, 1500s dialectycall, 1500s–1600s dialecticall, 1500s– dialectical.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin dialecticus , -al suffix¹.

Etymology: < classical Latin dialecticus dialectic adj. + -al suffix¹. Compare later dialectic adj. and the foreign-language forms cited at that entry.With the use as noun compare earlier dialectic n.¹ 1a. In sense B. 2b after German dialektisch dialectic adj. In sense B. 3 after dialect n. 3.

†A. n.

= dialectic n.¹ 1a. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical disputation or dialectics > [noun]

dialectica1382

dialectical1528

dialect?1545

wit-craft1573

logic1601

dialectics1641

logism1656

dialecticism1840

1528 J. Skelton Honorificatissimo: Replycacion agaynst Yong Scolers sig. Aiv In your Dialeticall And principles Silogisticall If ye to remembrance call.

B. adj.

I. Rhetoric and Philosophy.

a. = dialectic adj. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical disputation or dialectics > [adjective]

dialectical1532

logistical1644

dialectic1650

1532 L. Cox Art or Crafte Rhetoryke sig. A.viii This is the maner of handelynge of a symple Theme dialectycall.

1534 W. Marshall tr. Erasmus Playne & Godly Expos. Commune Crede i. f. 14 The Stoyke phylosophie..treateth: what is vice & what is vertue, it gathereth or concludeth with Dialecticall reasons [L. dialecticis rationibus].

1548 E. Gest Treat. againste Masse sig. Hi Theyr argumentacion is nothing dialectical.

1615 J. Forsyth Bitter Waters of Babylon 32 Neither your dialecticall distinctions; nor your phinicall fine phrases, nor your Masse of gracelesse coine shall any whit releiue you, for you shall be adiudged without mercy.

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. v. 20 Dialectical [speech], used by such as discourse in short questions and answers.

1657 tr. A. Thevet Prosopographia 41 in T. North tr. Plutarch Lives (new ed.) Instructed in the Rhetorical, Dialectical, and Astrological Arts.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) A Logical or Dialectical Problem..consists of two Parts; a Subject..and a Predicate or Attribute.

1788 Monthly Rev. 79 600 Superior to their adversaries both in theological knowlege and dialectical dexterity.

1850 G. Grote Hist. Greece VIII. ii. lxvii. 460 Dialectical skill in no small degree is indispensable.

1876 A. M. Fairbairn in Contemp. Rev. June 132 The dialectical pot in which ecclesiastical dogma had been cooked.

1973 E. H. Jones Mrs Humphry Ward v. 75 Mary Ward had seen enough of dons; she is no longer impressed by the dialectical antics of Lewis Carroll's creatures.

1999 E. Valley Great Jewish Cities i. 121 Dialectical sophistry was extolled at the expense of the ethics behind the arguments.

b. = dialectic adj. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical disputation or dialectics > [adjective] > practising

dialectical1549

sophominga1618

dialectic1704

1549 J. Ponet tr. B. Ochino Tragoedie Unjuste Usurped Primacie sig. M.iii^v Oh what a fyne dialecticall witte was that?

1652 R. Brathwait Suppl. in Times Treasury (rev. ed.) 25 No subject of discourse more hatefull (said witty Petrarch) then a dialecticall Old-man.

1759 Mod. Part Universal Hist. III. i. ii. 109 A famous Ashárian dialectical doctor.

1790 A. Smith Theory Moral Sentiments (ed. 6) II. vii. i. 260 Chrysippus..seems to have been a mere dialectical pedant, without taste or elegance of any kind.

1856 H. G. Migault Eight Hist. Diss. Suicide 36 This greatest, perhaps, of Pagan dialectical thinkers [i.e. Plato].

1876 C. M. Davies Unorthodox London (rev. ed.) 356 I entertained pleasant recollections from certain experiences at the Dialectical Society.

1942 Spectator 19 June 580/2 Those who think they can find Truth in a test-tube, Happiness in a hedonistic heterodoxy, Humility in a huddle of dialectical Dons, [etc.].

1997 M. Strawser Both/and vi. 113 Johannes Climacus is such a crafty dialectical trickster that he would even nudge readers into thinking that his ironic construction is entirely without seriousness.

a. Of a syllogism or argument: having premises which are merely probable as opposed to demonstrably true. Of a system or method of logic or reasoning: based on probable opinions rather than on demonstrable fact.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > idealism > [adjective] > of or relating to Kantianism and its adherents

dialectical1788

Kantian1796

synthetical1796

synthetic1819

multiplex1838

multiple1839

tri-logicala1856

pre-Kantian1866

dialectic1872

subreptive1877

criticist1878

category1901

1788 T. Reid Aristotle's Logic v. §1. 106 When the premises are not certain but probable only, such syllogisms are called dialectical.

1838 F. Haywood tr. I. Kant Critick Pure Reason i. 64 Universal Logic, considered as Organon, is always a Logic of Appearance, that is, is dialectical.

1877 E. Caird Crit. Acct. Philos. Kant ii. xviii. 633 The Cosmological argument is a nest of dialectical assumptions.

1888 J. Watson Philos. Kant 289 Pure reason is always dialectical.

1914 Classical Rev. June 115/2 Every valid syllogism, whatever the subject-matter of its premisses, may be called a dialectical syllogism.

2008 E. J. Ashworth in D. M. Gabbay & J. Woods Handbk. Hist. Logic II. 634 Demonstrative reasoning involves formal syllogisms with certainly-true premisses, and dialectical reasoning involves the same formal syllogisms with probably-true premisses.

b. In Hegelian and Marxist thought: subject to or driven by the interaction of the contradictory or opposing forces or impulses held to be inherent in the world; of or relating to this phenomenon. More generally: characterized by the existence or operation of opposing forces, tendencies, etc.

ΚΠ

1874 W. Wallace tr. G. W. F. Hegel Logic vi. 128 The physical elements prove to be Dialectical. The process of meteorological action is the appearance of their Dialectic.

1906 F. E. Abbot Syllogistic Philos. 69 Hegel attempted to think the universe as necessarily and demonstrably one, by means of a dialectical and genetical development of the ‘categories of pure thought’.

1938 H. Read Poetry & Anarchism iv. 48 The dialectical method..leaves us with an art which is not so much art as an instrument of derationalization.

1965 Man 65 156/2 Lévi-Strauss is not departing from positivism when he uses dialectical philosophy.

1975 D. A. Law Russ. Civilization iv. 117 The class struggle has been fulfilled, but the dialectical process continues in a different form.

1988 J. L. Esposito Islam i. 28 God's mercy exists in dialectical tension with His justice.

2006 S. Johnson Ghost Map 88 This was a profoundly dialectical feeling, a thesis giving rise to an antithesis, the city's success eventually breeding the very conditions of its destruction.

II. Linguistics.

3. = dialectal adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > dialect > [adjective]

dialectical1711

dialectic1754

dialectal1767

dialectual1844

sublinguistic1907

subdialectal1911

1711 E. W. Harmonia Grammaticalis Pref. 7 What is there made the Fourth Declension of the simple or uncontracted Substantives, is no other than a Dialectical Variation of..the second.

1769 T. Nugent tr. P. J. Grosley New Observ. Italy II. 95 There the spropositi of a foreigner..who is never reproved in public for dialectical mistakes, are made matters of merriment.

1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words I. Pref. p. vii Separating mere dialectical forms.

1861 F. M. Müller Lect. Sci. Lang. v. 199 A language, not yet Sanskrit or Greek or German, but containing the dialectical germs of all.

1960 Irish University Rev. 2 67 I wrote a short letter..asking for collections of dialectical words and phrases.

2007 D. W. Anthony Horse, Wheel, & Lang. vi. 112 Dialectical differences were fewer among Colonial-era English speakers in North America than they were in the British Isles.

Compounds

dialectical materialism n. Philosophy (in Marxist thought) a theory which reinterprets Hegel's dialectical method from a materialist, rather than idealist, position to explain change in the natural world and, above all, in the world of human history and society, in terms of the conflict of material forces; esp. the theory that political and historical events result from the conflict of social forces (seen as caused by material needs) and are interpretable as a series of contradictions and their solutions; cf. historical materialism n. at historical adj. and n. Compounds 3, dialectic n.¹ 1c, 1d.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > communism > [noun] > Marxism > specific theories or usages

means of production1833

revolution1850

false consciousness1858

superstructure1887

proletarian revolution1888

historical materialism1892

dictatorship of the proletariat1895

synthesis1896

dialectical materialism1898

practice1899

withering away1919

base1933

praxis1933

reification1941

cultural Marxism1949

spontaneism1970

1898 Philos. Rev. 7 634 Dialectical materialism recognizes the influence of ideas, of public opinion, of legislation, but explains them as elements derived from and reflecting the economic movement.

1927 D. Kvitko tr. V. Lenin Materialism ii. 107 As far as dialectical materialism is concerned there does not exist a fixed immutable boundary between relative and absolute truth.

1963 V. Nabokov Gift iv. 237 Such methods of knowledge as dialectical materialism curiously resemble the unscrupulous advertisements for patent medicines, which cure all illnesses at once.

2004 S. Žižek Organs without Bodies (2012) 28 In opposition to the mechanical materialism which simply reduces the flow of sense to its material causes, dialectical materialism is able to think this flow in its relative autonomy.

dialectical materialist n. and adj. [after dialectical materialism n.] Philosophy (a) n. a person who advocates the theory of dialectical materialism; (b) adj. of or relating to the theory of dialectical materialism.

ΚΠ

1928 Jrnl. Philos. 25 147 As the dialectical materialist sees it, the conflict between materialism and mentalism turns on a purely historico-genetic problem.

1936 Econ. Jrnl. 46 392 An attempt to clear the ground for a better appreciation of the dialectical materialist method.

1945 K. Burke Gram. Motives ii. ii. 201 My problem..is to characterize as accurately as possible the strategy involved in the dialectical-materialist rejection of idealism.

1988 A. M. Babu in L. Cliffe & B. Davidson Long Struggle of Eritrea iii. 58 The dialectical-materialist approach..shows us there are two kinds of nationalism directly confronting one another.

2007 Black Music Res. Jrnl. 27 41 A question that has perennially haunted dialectical materialists: Why have the masses not already and immediately overthrown power?

dialectical theology n. [after German dialektische Theologie (1924 or earlier in this sense)] a form of Protestant theology developed in the aftermath of the First World War (1914–18) and associated especially with Karl Barth (1886–1968), which emphasizes the paradoxical nature of the relationship between God and humanity, which can be resolved only by God's absolute transcendence.

ΚΠ

1925 Princeton Theol. Rev. Oct. 684 Theological thought in Germany and Switzerland has been somewhat excited by the new dialectical theology of Barth, Gogarten, Brunner, and others.

1941 Philosophy 16 265 He [sc. Kierkegaard] has profoundly influenced not only the secular existential philosophy, but even more directly the dialectical theology.

1982 S. M. McMurrin Relig., Reason, & Truth iii. 71 Dialectical theology held the theological paradoxes..to be indicative of the insufficiency of philosophical reason to replace the personal encounter of revelation as the foundation of religion and theology.

2004 G. Green in G. Jones Blackwell Compan. Mod. Theol. xi. 177 The Dialectical Theology of Karl Barth and his associates..began a new era in Protestant theology.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	dialectical
释义	dialecticaln.adj. Brit. /ˌdʌɪəˈlɛktᵻkl/, U.S. /ˌdaɪəˈlɛktəkəl/ Forms: 1500s dialeticall, 1500s dialectycall, 1500s–1600s dialecticall, 1500s– dialectical. Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin dialecticus , -al suffix¹. Etymology: < classical Latin dialecticus dialectic adj. + -al suffix¹. Compare later dialectic adj. and the foreign-language forms cited at that entry.With the use as noun compare earlier dialectic n.¹ 1a. In sense B. 2b after German dialektisch dialectic adj. In sense B. 3 after dialect n. 3. †A. n. = dialectic n.¹ 1a. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical disputation or dialectics > [noun] dialectica1382 dialectical1528 dialect?1545 wit-craft1573 logic1601 dialectics1641 logism1656 dialecticism1840 1528 J. Skelton Honorificatissimo: Replycacion agaynst Yong Scolers sig. Aiv In your Dialeticall And principles Silogisticall If ye to remembrance call. B. adj. I. Rhetoric and Philosophy. 1. a. = dialectic adj. 1a. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical disputation or dialectics > [adjective] dialectical1532 logistical1644 dialectic1650 1532 L. Cox Art or Crafte Rhetoryke sig. A.viii This is the maner of handelynge of a symple Theme dialectycall. 1534 W. Marshall tr. Erasmus Playne & Godly Expos. Commune Crede i. f. 14 The Stoyke phylosophie..treateth: what is vice & what is vertue, it gathereth or concludeth with Dialecticall reasons [L. dialecticis rationibus]. 1548 E. Gest Treat. againste Masse sig. Hi Theyr argumentacion is nothing dialectical. 1615 J. Forsyth Bitter Waters of Babylon 32 Neither your dialecticall distinctions; nor your phinicall fine phrases, nor your Masse of gracelesse coine shall any whit releiue you, for you shall be adiudged without mercy. 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. v. 20 Dialectical [speech], used by such as discourse in short questions and answers. 1657 tr. A. Thevet Prosopographia 41 in T. North tr. Plutarch Lives (new ed.) Instructed in the Rhetorical, Dialectical, and Astrological Arts. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) A Logical or Dialectical Problem..consists of two Parts; a Subject..and a Predicate or Attribute. 1788 Monthly Rev. 79 600 Superior to their adversaries both in theological knowlege and dialectical dexterity. 1850 G. Grote Hist. Greece VIII. ii. lxvii. 460 Dialectical skill in no small degree is indispensable. 1876 A. M. Fairbairn in Contemp. Rev. June 132 The dialectical pot in which ecclesiastical dogma had been cooked. 1973 E. H. Jones Mrs Humphry Ward v. 75 Mary Ward had seen enough of dons; she is no longer impressed by the dialectical antics of Lewis Carroll's creatures. 1999 E. Valley Great Jewish Cities i. 121 Dialectical sophistry was extolled at the expense of the ethics behind the arguments. b. = dialectic adj. 1b. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical disputation or dialectics > [adjective] > practising dialectical1549 sophominga1618 dialectic1704 1549 J. Ponet tr. B. Ochino Tragoedie Unjuste Usurped Primacie sig. M.iii^v Oh what a fyne dialecticall witte was that? 1652 R. Brathwait Suppl. in Times Treasury (rev. ed.) 25 No subject of discourse more hatefull (said witty Petrarch) then a dialecticall Old-man. 1759 Mod. Part Universal Hist. III. i. ii. 109 A famous Ashárian dialectical doctor. 1790 A. Smith Theory Moral Sentiments (ed. 6) II. vii. i. 260 Chrysippus..seems to have been a mere dialectical pedant, without taste or elegance of any kind. 1856 H. G. Migault Eight Hist. Diss. Suicide 36 This greatest, perhaps, of Pagan dialectical thinkers [i.e. Plato]. 1876 C. M. Davies Unorthodox London (rev. ed.) 356 I entertained pleasant recollections from certain experiences at the Dialectical Society. 1942 Spectator 19 June 580/2 Those who think they can find Truth in a test-tube, Happiness in a hedonistic heterodoxy, Humility in a huddle of dialectical Dons, [etc.]. 1997 M. Strawser Both/and vi. 113 Johannes Climacus is such a crafty dialectical trickster that he would even nudge readers into thinking that his ironic construction is entirely without seriousness. 2. a. Of a syllogism or argument: having premises which are merely probable as opposed to demonstrably true. Of a system or method of logic or reasoning: based on probable opinions rather than on demonstrable fact. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > idealism > [adjective] > of or relating to Kantianism and its adherents dialectical1788 Kantian1796 synthetical1796 synthetic1819 multiplex1838 multiple1839 tri-logicala1856 pre-Kantian1866 dialectic1872 subreptive1877 criticist1878 category1901 1788 T. Reid Aristotle's Logic v. §1. 106 When the premises are not certain but probable only, such syllogisms are called dialectical. 1838 F. Haywood tr. I. Kant Critick Pure Reason i. 64 Universal Logic, considered as Organon, is always a Logic of Appearance, that is, is dialectical. 1877 E. Caird Crit. Acct. Philos. Kant ii. xviii. 633 The Cosmological argument is a nest of dialectical assumptions. 1888 J. Watson Philos. Kant 289 Pure reason is always dialectical. 1914 Classical Rev. June 115/2 Every valid syllogism, whatever the subject-matter of its premisses, may be called a dialectical syllogism. 2008 E. J. Ashworth in D. M. Gabbay & J. Woods Handbk. Hist. Logic II. 634 Demonstrative reasoning involves formal syllogisms with certainly-true premisses, and dialectical reasoning involves the same formal syllogisms with probably-true premisses. b. In Hegelian and Marxist thought: subject to or driven by the interaction of the contradictory or opposing forces or impulses held to be inherent in the world; of or relating to this phenomenon. More generally: characterized by the existence or operation of opposing forces, tendencies, etc. ΚΠ 1874 W. Wallace tr. G. W. F. Hegel Logic vi. 128 The physical elements prove to be Dialectical. The process of meteorological action is the appearance of their Dialectic. 1906 F. E. Abbot Syllogistic Philos. 69 Hegel attempted to think the universe as necessarily and demonstrably one, by means of a dialectical and genetical development of the ‘categories of pure thought’. 1938 H. Read Poetry & Anarchism iv. 48 The dialectical method..leaves us with an art which is not so much art as an instrument of derationalization. 1965 Man 65 156/2 Lévi-Strauss is not departing from positivism when he uses dialectical philosophy. 1975 D. A. Law Russ. Civilization iv. 117 The class struggle has been fulfilled, but the dialectical process continues in a different form. 1988 J. L. Esposito Islam i. 28 God's mercy exists in dialectical tension with His justice. 2006 S. Johnson Ghost Map 88 This was a profoundly dialectical feeling, a thesis giving rise to an antithesis, the city's success eventually breeding the very conditions of its destruction. II. Linguistics. 3. = dialectal adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > dialect > [adjective] dialectical1711 dialectic1754 dialectal1767 dialectual1844 sublinguistic1907 subdialectal1911 1711 E. W. Harmonia Grammaticalis Pref. 7 What is there made the Fourth Declension of the simple or uncontracted Substantives, is no other than a Dialectical Variation of..the second. 1769 T. Nugent tr. P. J. Grosley New Observ. Italy II. 95 There the spropositi of a foreigner..who is never reproved in public for dialectical mistakes, are made matters of merriment. 1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words I. Pref. p. vii Separating mere dialectical forms. 1861 F. M. Müller Lect. Sci. Lang. v. 199 A language, not yet Sanskrit or Greek or German, but containing the dialectical germs of all. 1960 Irish University Rev. 2 67 I wrote a short letter..asking for collections of dialectical words and phrases. 2007 D. W. Anthony Horse, Wheel, & Lang. vi. 112 Dialectical differences were fewer among Colonial-era English speakers in North America than they were in the British Isles. Compounds dialectical materialism n. Philosophy (in Marxist thought) a theory which reinterprets Hegel's dialectical method from a materialist, rather than idealist, position to explain change in the natural world and, above all, in the world of human history and society, in terms of the conflict of material forces; esp. the theory that political and historical events result from the conflict of social forces (seen as caused by material needs) and are interpretable as a series of contradictions and their solutions; cf. historical materialism n. at historical adj. and n. Compounds 3, dialectic n.¹ 1c, 1d. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > communism > [noun] > Marxism > specific theories or usages means of production1833 revolution1850 false consciousness1858 superstructure1887 proletarian revolution1888 historical materialism1892 dictatorship of the proletariat1895 synthesis1896 dialectical materialism1898 practice1899 withering away1919 base1933 praxis1933 reification1941 cultural Marxism1949 spontaneism1970 1898 Philos. Rev. 7 634 Dialectical materialism recognizes the influence of ideas, of public opinion, of legislation, but explains them as elements derived from and reflecting the economic movement. 1927 D. Kvitko tr. V. Lenin Materialism ii. 107 As far as dialectical materialism is concerned there does not exist a fixed immutable boundary between relative and absolute truth. 1963 V. Nabokov Gift iv. 237 Such methods of knowledge as dialectical materialism curiously resemble the unscrupulous advertisements for patent medicines, which cure all illnesses at once. 2004 S. Žižek Organs without Bodies (2012) 28 In opposition to the mechanical materialism which simply reduces the flow of sense to its material causes, dialectical materialism is able to think this flow in its relative autonomy. dialectical materialist n. and adj. [after dialectical materialism n.] Philosophy (a) n. a person who advocates the theory of dialectical materialism; (b) adj. of or relating to the theory of dialectical materialism. ΚΠ 1928 Jrnl. Philos. 25 147 As the dialectical materialist sees it, the conflict between materialism and mentalism turns on a purely historico-genetic problem. 1936 Econ. Jrnl. 46 392 An attempt to clear the ground for a better appreciation of the dialectical materialist method. 1945 K. Burke Gram. Motives ii. ii. 201 My problem..is to characterize as accurately as possible the strategy involved in the dialectical-materialist rejection of idealism. 1988 A. M. Babu in L. Cliffe & B. Davidson Long Struggle of Eritrea iii. 58 The dialectical-materialist approach..shows us there are two kinds of nationalism directly confronting one another. 2007 Black Music Res. Jrnl. 27 41 A question that has perennially haunted dialectical materialists: Why have the masses not already and immediately overthrown power? dialectical theology n. [after German dialektische Theologie (1924 or earlier in this sense)] a form of Protestant theology developed in the aftermath of the First World War (1914–18) and associated especially with Karl Barth (1886–1968), which emphasizes the paradoxical nature of the relationship between God and humanity, which can be resolved only by God's absolute transcendence. ΚΠ 1925 Princeton Theol. Rev. Oct. 684 Theological thought in Germany and Switzerland has been somewhat excited by the new dialectical theology of Barth, Gogarten, Brunner, and others. 1941 Philosophy 16 265 He [sc. Kierkegaard] has profoundly influenced not only the secular existential philosophy, but even more directly the dialectical theology. 1982 S. M. McMurrin Relig., Reason, & Truth iii. 71 Dialectical theology held the theological paradoxes..to be indicative of the insufficiency of philosophical reason to replace the personal encounter of revelation as the foundation of religion and theology. 2004 G. Green in G. Jones Blackwell Compan. Mod. Theol. xi. 177 The Dialectical Theology of Karl Barth and his associates..began a new era in Protestant theology. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1528
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