dialectn.

Brit.

/ˈdʌɪəlɛkt/, U.S.

/ˈdaɪəˌlɛk(t)/

Forms: 1500s–1600s dialecte, 1500s– dialect, 1600s dyalect.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: French dialecte; Latin dialectos; Greek διάλεκτος.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French dialecte (French dialecte ) form or variety of a language which is peculiar to a specific region (1550), and its etymons (ii) classical Latin dialectos form of speech, and (iii) ancient Greek διάλεκτος discourse, conversation, discussion, debate, argument, speech, language, way of speaking, accent, in Hellenistic Greek also language of a country or district < δια- dia- prefix¹ + λεκτός that may be spoken (see lectotype n.), after διαλέγεσθαι to discourse, converse. Compare Spanish dialecto (1580), Portuguese dialecto , (now usually) dialeto (1542), Italian dialetto (a1565), and also German Dialekt (1571, originally as dialectus with Latin inflectional endings), all denoting a variety of a language. With sense 1 compare earlier dialectic n.¹

1. = dialectic n.¹ 1a. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical disputation or dialectics > [noun]

dialectica1382

dialectical1528

dialect?1545

wit-craft1573

logic1601

dialectics1641

logism1656

dialecticism1840

?1545 C. Langton Introd. Phisycke f. vi Let hym be exercysed, euen from hys tendre age, in dialect, arithmaticke, and mathematicke.

1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Bij^v Logique otherwise called Dialecte (for they are bothe one) is an Arte to try the corne from the chaffe.

1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. 223 We may draw forth the force of this Platonic Argument, in Plato's own dialect thus.

1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 395 He had a Tutor to teach him Grammar, and another Dialect.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 362 [They] teach Aristotle's Dialect, and the Four Figures of Syllogism.

1789 Ld. Monboddo Of Origin & Progress of Lang. V. ii. ii. 349 The stile of the Socratic dialect in Plato..he allows to be admirable.

1887 Critic (N.Y.) 30 Apr. 216/1 Hebrew ‘wisdom’, which he declares is a product as peculiar as the dialect of Plato.

1993 J. F. Cassel & R. J. Congleton Crit. Thinking iv. 95 Pursuit of theoretical logical insight by some feasible substitute for Socratic dialect.

2. A form or variety of a language which is peculiar to a specific region, esp. one which differs from the standard or literary form of the language in respect of vocabulary, pronunciation, idiom, etc.; (as a mass noun) provincial or rustic speech. Also more generally: a particular language considered in terms of its relationship with the family of languages to which it belongs.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > dialect > [noun]

dialect1566

idiom1593

subdialect1642

sublanguage1749

talka1788

vernacular1925

sublanguage1940

1566 J. Rastell Treat.: Beware of M. Iewel i. iii. sig. Jviii^v Though the Tounge of Saxonie, Flanders, England and Scotland be one: yet because of a peculiar Property and Dialect whiche is in them, the Vulgar Saxons are not only Strangers to Englishe men, but allso to the Flemminges their neighbors.

1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. iv. xxi. 70 Certayne Hebrue dialectes.

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. xxiv. §1. 582 The like changes are very familiar in the Æolic Dialect.

1640 E. Pagitt Christianographie (ed. 3) 73 The Slavon tongue is of great extent: of it there be many Dialects, as the Russe, the Polish, the Bohemick, the Illyrian..and others.

1716 London Gaz. No. 5497/1 He made a Speech..which was answered by the Doge in the Genoese Dialect.

1794 S. Williams Nat. & Civil Hist. Vermont 200 A language may be separated into several dialects in a few generations.

1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. ii. iv. 203 Páli, or the local dialect of Maghada, (one of the ancient kingdoms on the Ganges).

1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words p. xvii/1 The Durham dialect is the same as that spoken in Northumberland.

1873 E. E. Hale In his Name viii. 71 That dialect of rustic Latin which was already passing into Italian.

a1935 W. Holtby South Riding (1936) i. i. 18 She talked B.B.C. English to her employer..and Yorkshire dialect to old milkmen.

1954 T. Maynard Long Road of Father Serra (1956) i. 2 They have their own language, Mallorquin, even if this is no more than a dialect of Catalan.

1978 N.Y. Times 3 Feb. 2 He found speaking Swabian, the local dialect, probably helped in winning votes.

2005 P. Burke Towards Social Hist. Early Mod. Dutch 20 There does not seem to have been any standard, so the choice was between speaking French or Spanish and speaking dialect.

a. Manner of speaking, language, speech; esp. the mode of speech peculiar to, or characteristic of, a particular person or group; phraseology, idiom; jargon; a particular variety of any of these.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > [noun] > mode of expression

manner of speakinga1387

termsc1400

parlancec1475

locution1483

diction1563

couching1571

dictamenta1572

dialect1579

style1594

phraseology1604

phrasing1611

expression1628

language1643

wording1649

routine1676

mode1779

verbiage1792

parle1793

verbiagerie1817

vocabulation1859

phraseography1899

lexis1950

1579 E. K. in E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Ep. Ded. Neither..must..the common Dialect and manner of speaking [be] so corrupted thereby, that [etc.].

1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 41 By corruption of speech, they false dialect and misse-sound it.

1638 Penit. Conf. (1657) vii. 191 Such a dialect which neither Men nor Angels understand.

1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 8 A Babylonish dialect, Which learned Pedants much affect.

1730 J. Clarke Ess. Educ. Youth (ed. 2) 172 The Lawyer's Dialect would be too hard for him.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 86. 137 I am desirous to be generally understood, and shall therefore studiously decline the dialect of grammarians.

1805 J. Foster Ess. iv. iv. 163 Naturalized into the theological dialect by time and use.

1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. vii. 91/1 Knowest thou no Prophet, even in the vesture, environment, and dialect of this age?

a1854 H. Reed Lect. Brit. Poets (1857) iii. 87 They lay aside the learned dialect and reveal the unknown powers of common speech.

1946 ‘G. Orwell’ in Horizon Apr. 261 The political dialects to be found in pamphlets, leading articles, manifestos..vary from party to party.

1966 G. N. Leech Eng. in Advertising viii. 78 A music-hall comedian adopts a ‘stage-dialect’.

2005 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 24 Sept. 44 This form of business dialect is causing undue stress in the business environment, as employees fail to grasp what their peers are actually talking about.

b. figurative.

ΚΠ

1614 R. Horne Christian Governour sig. R5 The dialect of the light is truth.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) i. ii. 169 In her youth There is a prone and speechlesse dialect, Such as moue men.

1753 E. Haywood Hist. Jemmy & Jenny Jessamy I. xxiii. 253 ‘Did my eyes never tell you the secret of my heart?’ ‘No, really, said she,—I never examine into the mysterious dialect, nor desire to have it explain'd.’

1827 Brit. Minstrel 1 325 'Tis nature's dialect, design'd To charm.

1860 R. W. Emerson Behaviour in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 158 The ocular dialect needs no dictionary.

1979 R. Kelly Kill Messenger 154 To translate the gospels Into the dialects of Thigh, Cushion, Soft-back.

1995 L. Pastan Early Afterlife 24 I love the many dialects of smoke, Leaf smoke and pipe smoke, Chimney smoke, [etc.].

4. A vocalization (as a call or song) used in a population of animals, esp. birds, that differs from that of others of the same species.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by noises > voice or sound made by animal > [noun]

chirma800

songOE

chattera1250

cryc1300

languagec1350

notea1400

call1584

gabblea1616

clamour1719

call note1802

vocalization1829

dialect1921

1921 Condor 23 183 The crows of my acquaintance apparently spoke a different dialect!

1942 E. Mayr Systematics & Origin of Species iii. 55 It is evident that a period of three hundred years was available for the development of the striking ‘park dialect’ [of chaffinches].

1979 C. K. Catchpole Vocal Communication in Birds v. 48 Local dialects occur when the songs within one population are similar but differ from other populations nearby with whom interbreeding could easily occur.

2001 Canad. Geographic July 11/1 He has been researching the vocal traditions of killer whales..and has become a world authority on pod dialects.

2006 D. McFarland Oxf. Dict. Animal Behaviour 51 Dialect..has also been discovered in vocalizations of other types of animal, such as the mating calls of the Pacific tree frog (Hyla regilla).

5. Computing. A version or variant of a programming language.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > programming language > [noun]

language1947

programming language1959

computerese1960

dialect1960

1960 Communications ACM 3 463 (title) NELIAC—a dialect of ALGOL.

1978 SIAM Rev. 20 747 LRLTRAN, the local dialect of Fortran, was extended to include vector operations reflecting the STAR instructions.

1996 InfoWorld 15 Jan. 47/5 In one sense, Java is a dialect of C.

2011 T. Urtis Excel VBA 24-hour Trainer iv. 4 VBA is a present-day dialect of the BASIC..programming language.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

a. In sense 1, as dialect component, etc.

ΚΠ

1761 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy IV. Slawkenbergius's Tale 35 Were the learned..busy in pumping her [sc. Truth] up thro' the conduits of dialect induction.

1994 C. Bazerman & D. Russell Landmark Ess. 73 The demonstrative and exploratory writing at the fourth level continues the logic and dialect components of the tradition.

b. In sense 2, as dialect area, dialect poem, dialect speech, etc.

ΚΠ

1841 Westm. Rev. Jan. 197/1 His subjects taken from Porta's dialect poems, made him a favourite among the people.

1877 Examiner 11 Aug. The dialect speaker is always able to speak the standard language of his country.

1889 Catal. Libr. J. E. Bailey (Capes, Dunn, & Pitcher) 175 Cornish Provincial Dialect Specimens, 1846.

1931 T. H. Pear Voice & Personality 63 So there is room for the dialect-play.

1959 L. M. Myers Guide to Amer. Eng. (ed. 2) ii. 30 Three major dialect areas have long been recognised in American English.

1975 Canad. Antiques Collector Mar. 23/2 What may once have been isolated dialect enclaves have, for a very long time, been subjected to the influence of one another.

1983 Trans. Yorks. Dial. Soc. 83 37 In 1875 Burnley established his journal The Yorkshireman, in which dialect literature played a substantial part.

2003 Mod. Lang. Rev. 98 703 In the family setting, Morel's dialect speech is feminized.

C2.

dialect atlas n. [perhaps after German Dialektatlas (late 19th cent. or earlier)] a collection of maps showing the geographical variations in speech forms across a particular region.

ΚΠ

1925 O. Jespersen Mankind, Nation & Individual iii. 41 The dialect-atlases which of recent years have appeared in many countries.

1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. iii. 51 Dialect atlases, collections of maps of a speech area with isoglosses drawn in, are an important tool for the linguist.

2010 K. Denham & A. Lobeck Linguistics for Everyone iii. 90 A large-scale project to create a dialect atlas of the United States..is under way at the University of Pennsylvania.

dialect geographer n. [after dialect geography n.; compare German Dialektgeograph (end of the 19th cent. or earlier)] an expert in, or student of, the geographical variation of language forms.

ΚΠ

1932 Boston Evening Transcript 27 Oct. 1/5 (headline) Dialect geographer seeks clues here on speech forms.

1960 A. J. Bronstein Pronunc. Amer. Eng. vii. 144 No phonemic system has been presented in which all the data collected by American dialect geographers can be presented comfortably.

2000 Mod. Lang. Rev. 95 258 Dialect geographers have known since Gilliéron that relic words are found at the periphery of language areas.

dialect-geographical adj. [after dialect geography n.; compare German dialektgeographisch (late 19th cent. or earlier)] of or relating to the geographical variation of language forms.

ΚΠ

1948 Neophilologus 32 183 The results of the English dialect-geographical inquiry.

1970 German Q. 43 114 The text..permits the philologian to study the differences as to their dialect-geographical, as well as historical, significance.

2010 N. Dorian Investigating Variation vi. 86 My earliest descriptive and dialect-geographical work.

dialect geography n. [compare German Dialektgeographie (1827 or earlier)] the geographical variation of language forms; the study of this.

ΚΠ

1906 Scott. Hist. Rev. Oct. 119 A hundred miles in a speculation upon dialect geography must be accepted as degrees of error.

1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. xix. 321 The study of local differentiations in a speech-area, dialect geography, supplements the use of the comparative method.

2008 Hesperia 77 442 Even genuinely shared innovations may not always provide an infallible guide to preexisting dialect geography.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	dialect
释义	dialectn. Brit. /ˈdʌɪəlɛkt/, U.S. /ˈdaɪəˌlɛk(t)/ Forms: 1500s–1600s dialecte, 1500s– dialect, 1600s dyalect. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: French dialecte; Latin dialectos; Greek διάλεκτος. Etymology: < (i) Middle French dialecte (French dialecte ) form or variety of a language which is peculiar to a specific region (1550), and its etymons (ii) classical Latin dialectos form of speech, and (iii) ancient Greek διάλεκτος discourse, conversation, discussion, debate, argument, speech, language, way of speaking, accent, in Hellenistic Greek also language of a country or district < δια- dia- prefix¹ + λεκτός that may be spoken (see lectotype n.), after διαλέγεσθαι to discourse, converse. Compare Spanish dialecto (1580), Portuguese dialecto , (now usually) dialeto (1542), Italian dialetto (a1565), and also German Dialekt (1571, originally as dialectus with Latin inflectional endings), all denoting a variety of a language. With sense 1 compare earlier dialectic n.¹ 1. = dialectic n.¹ 1a. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical disputation or dialectics > [noun] dialectica1382 dialectical1528 dialect?1545 wit-craft1573 logic1601 dialectics1641 logism1656 dialecticism1840 ?1545 C. Langton Introd. Phisycke f. vi Let hym be exercysed, euen from hys tendre age, in dialect, arithmaticke, and mathematicke. 1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Bij^v Logique otherwise called Dialecte (for they are bothe one) is an Arte to try the corne from the chaffe. 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. 223 We may draw forth the force of this Platonic Argument, in Plato's own dialect thus. 1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 395 He had a Tutor to teach him Grammar, and another Dialect. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 362 [They] teach Aristotle's Dialect, and the Four Figures of Syllogism. 1789 Ld. Monboddo Of Origin & Progress of Lang. V. ii. ii. 349 The stile of the Socratic dialect in Plato..he allows to be admirable. 1887 Critic (N.Y.) 30 Apr. 216/1 Hebrew ‘wisdom’, which he declares is a product as peculiar as the dialect of Plato. 1993 J. F. Cassel & R. J. Congleton Crit. Thinking iv. 95 Pursuit of theoretical logical insight by some feasible substitute for Socratic dialect. 2. A form or variety of a language which is peculiar to a specific region, esp. one which differs from the standard or literary form of the language in respect of vocabulary, pronunciation, idiom, etc.; (as a mass noun) provincial or rustic speech. Also more generally: a particular language considered in terms of its relationship with the family of languages to which it belongs. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > dialect > [noun] dialect1566 idiom1593 subdialect1642 sublanguage1749 talka1788 vernacular1925 sublanguage1940 1566 J. Rastell Treat.: Beware of M. Iewel i. iii. sig. Jviii^v Though the Tounge of Saxonie, Flanders, England and Scotland be one: yet because of a peculiar Property and Dialect whiche is in them, the Vulgar Saxons are not only Strangers to Englishe men, but allso to the Flemminges their neighbors. 1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. iv. xxi. 70 Certayne Hebrue dialectes. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. xxiv. §1. 582 The like changes are very familiar in the Æolic Dialect. 1640 E. Pagitt Christianographie (ed. 3) 73 The Slavon tongue is of great extent: of it there be many Dialects, as the Russe, the Polish, the Bohemick, the Illyrian..and others. 1716 London Gaz. No. 5497/1 He made a Speech..which was answered by the Doge in the Genoese Dialect. 1794 S. Williams Nat. & Civil Hist. Vermont 200 A language may be separated into several dialects in a few generations. 1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. ii. iv. 203 Páli, or the local dialect of Maghada, (one of the ancient kingdoms on the Ganges). 1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words p. xvii/1 The Durham dialect is the same as that spoken in Northumberland. 1873 E. E. Hale In his Name viii. 71 That dialect of rustic Latin which was already passing into Italian. a1935 W. Holtby South Riding (1936) i. i. 18 She talked B.B.C. English to her employer..and Yorkshire dialect to old milkmen. 1954 T. Maynard Long Road of Father Serra (1956) i. 2 They have their own language, Mallorquin, even if this is no more than a dialect of Catalan. 1978 N.Y. Times 3 Feb. 2 He found speaking Swabian, the local dialect, probably helped in winning votes. 2005 P. Burke Towards Social Hist. Early Mod. Dutch 20 There does not seem to have been any standard, so the choice was between speaking French or Spanish and speaking dialect. 3. a. Manner of speaking, language, speech; esp. the mode of speech peculiar to, or characteristic of, a particular person or group; phraseology, idiom; jargon; a particular variety of any of these. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > [noun] > mode of expression manner of speakinga1387 termsc1400 parlancec1475 locution1483 diction1563 couching1571 dictamenta1572 dialect1579 style1594 phraseology1604 phrasing1611 expression1628 language1643 wording1649 routine1676 mode1779 verbiage1792 parle1793 verbiagerie1817 vocabulation1859 phraseography1899 lexis1950 1579 E. K. in E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Ep. Ded. Neither..must..the common Dialect and manner of speaking [be] so corrupted thereby, that [etc.]. 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 41 By corruption of speech, they false dialect and misse-sound it. 1638 Penit. Conf. (1657) vii. 191 Such a dialect which neither Men nor Angels understand. 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 8 A Babylonish dialect, Which learned Pedants much affect. 1730 J. Clarke Ess. Educ. Youth (ed. 2) 172 The Lawyer's Dialect would be too hard for him. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 86. 137 I am desirous to be generally understood, and shall therefore studiously decline the dialect of grammarians. 1805 J. Foster Ess. iv. iv. 163 Naturalized into the theological dialect by time and use. 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. vii. 91/1 Knowest thou no Prophet, even in the vesture, environment, and dialect of this age? a1854 H. Reed Lect. Brit. Poets (1857) iii. 87 They lay aside the learned dialect and reveal the unknown powers of common speech. 1946 ‘G. Orwell’ in Horizon Apr. 261 The political dialects to be found in pamphlets, leading articles, manifestos..vary from party to party. 1966 G. N. Leech Eng. in Advertising viii. 78 A music-hall comedian adopts a ‘stage-dialect’. 2005 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 24 Sept. 44 This form of business dialect is causing undue stress in the business environment, as employees fail to grasp what their peers are actually talking about. b. figurative. ΚΠ 1614 R. Horne Christian Governour sig. R5 The dialect of the light is truth. a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) i. ii. 169 In her youth There is a prone and speechlesse dialect, Such as moue men. View more context for this quotation 1753 E. Haywood Hist. Jemmy & Jenny Jessamy I. xxiii. 253 ‘Did my eyes never tell you the secret of my heart?’ ‘No, really, said she,—I never examine into the mysterious dialect, nor desire to have it explain'd.’ 1827 Brit. Minstrel 1 325 'Tis nature's dialect, design'd To charm. 1860 R. W. Emerson Behaviour in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 158 The ocular dialect needs no dictionary. 1979 R. Kelly Kill Messenger 154 To translate the gospels Into the dialects of Thigh, Cushion, Soft-back. 1995 L. Pastan Early Afterlife 24 I love the many dialects of smoke, Leaf smoke and pipe smoke, Chimney smoke, [etc.]. 4. A vocalization (as a call or song) used in a population of animals, esp. birds, that differs from that of others of the same species. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by noises > voice or sound made by animal > [noun] chirma800 songOE chattera1250 cryc1300 languagec1350 notea1400 call1584 gabblea1616 clamour1719 call note1802 vocalization1829 dialect1921 1921 Condor 23 183 The crows of my acquaintance apparently spoke a different dialect! 1942 E. Mayr Systematics & Origin of Species iii. 55 It is evident that a period of three hundred years was available for the development of the striking ‘park dialect’ [of chaffinches]. 1979 C. K. Catchpole Vocal Communication in Birds v. 48 Local dialects occur when the songs within one population are similar but differ from other populations nearby with whom interbreeding could easily occur. 2001 Canad. Geographic July 11/1 He has been researching the vocal traditions of killer whales..and has become a world authority on pod dialects. 2006 D. McFarland Oxf. Dict. Animal Behaviour 51 Dialect..has also been discovered in vocalizations of other types of animal, such as the mating calls of the Pacific tree frog (Hyla regilla). 5. Computing. A version or variant of a programming language. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > programming language > [noun] language1947 programming language1959 computerese1960 dialect1960 1960 Communications ACM 3 463 (title) NELIAC—a dialect of ALGOL. 1978 SIAM Rev. 20 747 LRLTRAN, the local dialect of Fortran, was extended to include vector operations reflecting the STAR instructions. 1996 InfoWorld 15 Jan. 47/5 In one sense, Java is a dialect of C. 2011 T. Urtis Excel VBA 24-hour Trainer iv. 4 VBA is a present-day dialect of the BASIC..programming language. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. In sense 1, as dialect component, etc. ΚΠ 1761 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy IV. Slawkenbergius's Tale 35 Were the learned..busy in pumping her [sc. Truth] up thro' the conduits of dialect induction. 1994 C. Bazerman & D. Russell Landmark Ess. 73 The demonstrative and exploratory writing at the fourth level continues the logic and dialect components of the tradition. b. In sense 2, as dialect area, dialect poem, dialect speech, etc. ΚΠ 1841 Westm. Rev. Jan. 197/1 His subjects taken from Porta's dialect poems, made him a favourite among the people. 1877 Examiner 11 Aug. The dialect speaker is always able to speak the standard language of his country. 1889 Catal. Libr. J. E. Bailey (Capes, Dunn, & Pitcher) 175 Cornish Provincial Dialect Specimens, 1846. 1931 T. H. Pear Voice & Personality 63 So there is room for the dialect-play. 1959 L. M. Myers Guide to Amer. Eng. (ed. 2) ii. 30 Three major dialect areas have long been recognised in American English. 1975 Canad. Antiques Collector Mar. 23/2 What may once have been isolated dialect enclaves have, for a very long time, been subjected to the influence of one another. 1983 Trans. Yorks. Dial. Soc. 83 37 In 1875 Burnley established his journal The Yorkshireman, in which dialect literature played a substantial part. 2003 Mod. Lang. Rev. 98 703 In the family setting, Morel's dialect speech is feminized. C2. dialect atlas n. [perhaps after German Dialektatlas (late 19th cent. or earlier)] a collection of maps showing the geographical variations in speech forms across a particular region. ΚΠ 1925 O. Jespersen Mankind, Nation & Individual iii. 41 The dialect-atlases which of recent years have appeared in many countries. 1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. iii. 51 Dialect atlases, collections of maps of a speech area with isoglosses drawn in, are an important tool for the linguist. 2010 K. Denham & A. Lobeck Linguistics for Everyone iii. 90 A large-scale project to create a dialect atlas of the United States..is under way at the University of Pennsylvania. dialect geographer n. [after dialect geography n.; compare German Dialektgeograph (end of the 19th cent. or earlier)] an expert in, or student of, the geographical variation of language forms. ΚΠ 1932 Boston Evening Transcript 27 Oct. 1/5 (headline) Dialect geographer seeks clues here on speech forms. 1960 A. J. Bronstein Pronunc. Amer. Eng. vii. 144 No phonemic system has been presented in which all the data collected by American dialect geographers can be presented comfortably. 2000 Mod. Lang. Rev. 95 258 Dialect geographers have known since Gilliéron that relic words are found at the periphery of language areas. dialect-geographical adj. [after dialect geography n.; compare German dialektgeographisch (late 19th cent. or earlier)] of or relating to the geographical variation of language forms. ΚΠ 1948 Neophilologus 32 183 The results of the English dialect-geographical inquiry. 1970 German Q. 43 114 The text..permits the philologian to study the differences as to their dialect-geographical, as well as historical, significance. 2010 N. Dorian Investigating Variation vi. 86 My earliest descriptive and dialect-geographical work. dialect geography n. [compare German Dialektgeographie (1827 or earlier)] the geographical variation of language forms; the study of this. ΚΠ 1906 Scott. Hist. Rev. Oct. 119 A hundred miles in a speculation upon dialect geography must be accepted as degrees of error. 1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. xix. 321 The study of local differentiations in a speech-area, dialect geography, supplements the use of the comparative method. 2008 Hesperia 77 442 Even genuinely shared innovations may not always provide an infallible guide to preexisting dialect geography. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). dialectv. Explained as a verb with the sense ‘to speak a dialect’ in quot. 1881 and some later dictionaries.This explanation is based on a misinterpretation of the following quot., in which false is a verb meaning ‘to falsify’ (see false v. 3) and dialect a noun (see dialect n. 3a for the correct interpretation): 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 41 By corruption of speech, they false dialect and misse-sound it. Π 1881 T. L. O. Davies Suppl. Eng. Gloss. 183/1 Dialect, to speak a dialect. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.?1545v.1881
随便看	basinets basinful basinfuls basing basinlike basinpan basins basinshaped basinsign basinstand basinwide basioccipital basion basions basiophthalmite basiophthalmous basipetal basipetally basipodite basipoditic basiradial basirostral be a button short be a devil be a dog at

dialectn.

Compounds

dialectv.