dictumn.

Brit.

/ˈdɪktəm/, U.S.

/ˈdɪktəm/

Inflections: Plural dicta, dictums.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin dictum.

Etymology: < classical Latin dictum utterance, order, precept, promise, saying, remark, witticism, in post-classical Latin also (in legal use) plea, decision, award (from 12th cent. in British sources), use as noun of neuter of past participle of dīcere to say < the same Indo-European base as tee v.² Compare earlier dict n.¹

a. An authoritative utterance or pronouncement attributed to a particular person or source. Also more generally: an utterance, something which has been said; (in plural) remarks.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > [noun] > that which is or can be spoken

speechc897

saw9..

speech971

wordOE

quideOE

wordsOE

wordOE

thingOE

rouna1225

mouthc1225

queatha1250

breathc1300

reasonc1300

speakingsa1325

swarec1325

saying1340

voicec1350

lorea1375

sermonc1385

carpc1400

gear1415

utterancec1454

parol1474

ditty1483

say1571

said1578

dictumc1586

palabra1600

breathing1606

bringinga1616

elocution?1637

rumblea1680

elocutive1821

vocability1841

deliverance1845

deliverment1850

deliverancy1853

verbalization1858

voicing1888

sayable1937

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > serious saying, dictum > [noun]

dictate1582

dictumc1586

sententiosity1646

seriosity1728

sententiary1843

c1586 J. Stewart Poems (1913) 78 Quhan thay so haid left ingrauit heir..dictums perfyt indent.

1592 L. Andrewes Wonderfull Combate iii. f. 32^v That the Diuell knowes well enough, as appeareth by his mallice that he hath alwayes borne it, before it was scripture, when it was but onely Dictum.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Dictum (Lat.) a Word, a Saying, a Proverb; an Order or Command.

1787 J. Hawkins Life Johnson 542 This dictum carries the more weight with it, as it comes from a man whose sentiments, respecting sectaries, may be inferred from the following passage.

1809 Edinb. Rev. 14 452 He concludes his remarks, or rather dicta upon this topic, with the following passage.

1821 W. M. Craig Lect. Drawing vii. 365 We will not take for our guide the dictum of any professor in the art.

1828 G. Combe Constit. Man (1835) ii. 66 The collective dicta of the highest minds illuminated by the greatest knowledge.

1861 Court Life at Naples II. 148 His dictums were not regarded with the same awe to which he had been used.

1936 Times Lit. Suppl. 2 May 366/3 His dicta are analysed by the author with the same painstakingness.

1973 Sunday Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 23 Dec. f5/1 Andy Warhol's dictum, ‘In the future everybody will be famous for fifteen minutes.’

1999 C. Dexter Remorseful Day (2000) xxiii. 184 The friezes of the walls were adorned with the dicta of several great Irishmen, their words attractively set in black-lettered Gaelic script.

b. A generally accepted observation or saying, an adage, a saw.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > [noun]

saw9..

quideOE

yedOE

wordOE

wisdomc1175

bysawe?c1225

riotc1330

sentencec1380

textc1386

dict1432

diction1477

redec1480

say1486

adage1530

commonplace?1531

adagy1534

soothsay1549

maxima1564

apophthegm1570

speech1575

gnome1577

aphorisma1593

imprese1593

spoke1594

symbol1594

maxim1605

wording1606

impress1610

motto1615

dictum1616

impresa1622

dictate1625

effate1650

sentiment1780

great thought1821

brocarda1856

text-motto1880

sententia1917

1616 Bp. W. Cowper Two Fruitfull Treat. ii. 281 In the last roome followeth Perseuerance, hauing in her Badge a Crowne holden vp on high with both her hands, with this Dictum, He that perseueres to the end shall be saued.

1797 Parl. Reg. 1797–1802 I. 320 It is an old dictum, that grievances ought to precede supplies, and which, as a dictum, no man will dispute.

1826 S. Smith Wks. (1852) II. 110/2 Of all false and foolish dicta, the most trite and the most absurd is that which asserts that the Judge is counsel for the prisoner.

1859 J. S. Mill On Liberty ii. 52 The dictum that truth always triumphs.

1871 J. S. Blackie Four Phases Morals i. 36 The famous dictum that ‘the natural state of man is a war of all men against all men.’

1900 Mind 9 109 The dreary doctrine that ‘it is all one’ has..admirably illustrated the dictum plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose.

1955 Sci. Amer. Apr. 100/3 This epistemological problem is best solved by following the classical dictum, ‘If you can't beat 'em join 'em’.

2002 J. Grisham Summons (2003) i. 4 Like all serious professors he was ruled by the ‘publish or perish’ dictum of academic life.

2. Logic. A statement which forms the subject (subject n. 6a) of a modal proposition. Cf. modus n. 4. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > scholasticism > [noun] > elements of logic

dictum1599

1599 T. Blundeville Art of Logike iii. vi. 66 A Modall Proposition..is that which affirmeth or denyeth some thing not absolutely, but in a certain respect, sort or moode, which moode is commonly the Predicate in this kinde of Proposition, and all the rest of the subiect called of the Logicians, Dictum.

1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck Monitio Logica i. xxviii. 113 Modal Enunciation consists of a Dictum and Mood: The Dictum of which is as it were the Subject, and the Mood the Predicate..‘It is necessary that God be good’: that is, Deum esse bonum; the Dictum is, that God be good; the Mode, Necessary.

1773 E. Bentham Introd. Logick ii. iii. 45 If we consider a modal proposition, under the notion of a simple proposition, the dictum is the subject of it; the modus is the predicate.

1850 H. H. Munro Man. Logic iii. 105 Propositions often occur, usually considered modal, in which it is often requisite to alter the arrangement of the words in which they are expressed, in order to see clearly which is the dictum, and which the modus.

1961 I. Thomas tr. I. M. Bocheński Hist. Formal Logic iii. 183 Modal propositions are said to be affirmative or negative according to the affirmation or negation of the mode, not according to the affirmation or negation of the dictum.

a. dictum of all and none n. (and variants) rare = dictum de omni et nullo n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical reasoning > [noun] > deductivism or a priori reasoning > a principle or axiom

principlea1387

maximc1450

first principle1525

ground1528

principal1545

principium1550

protasis1572

theorem1588

postulate1590

axiom1593

groundsel1604

postulatuma1620

praecognitum1624

datum1646

self-evident1675

philosopheme1678

dictum of all and none1697

dictum of Aristotle1827

prius1882

ground rule1890

posit1900

1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck Monitio Logica ii. viii. 32 If the Dictum of All and None be Paraphrastically propounded.

1923 J. A. Leighton Field of Philos. (definitive ed.) viii. 127 Some of the most fundamental principles of logic, such as..the dictum concerning all and none (dictum de omni et nullo).

b. Dictum of Kenilworth n. English History a settlement made in 1266 establishing the terms under which the supporters of Simon de Montfort were to end their resistance against Henry III.

ΚΠ

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 567 At which time, there went out and was proclaimed from hence an Edict, which our Lawyers use to call Dictum de Kenelworth, whereby it was enacted, That whosoever had tooke armes against the King should pay every one of them five yeeres rent of their lands &c.]

1762 D. Hume Hist. Eng. to Henry VII II. xii. 58 Knights and esquires, says the Dictum of Kenelworth, who were robbers, if they have no land, shall pay the half of their goods.

1939 Church Hist. 8 12 By the Dictum of Kenilworth Henry was forced to recognize the charters and restore them to the people as the fundamental law of England.

1994 Eng. Hist. Rev. 109 644 His [sc. Robert de Vere's] return to his former place was taken a long step further by the Dictum of Kenilworth.

†c. dictum of Aristotle n. Obsolete = dictum de omni et nullo n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical reasoning > [noun] > deductivism or a priori reasoning > a principle or axiom

principlea1387

maximc1450

first principle1525

ground1528

principal1545

principium1550

protasis1572

theorem1588

postulate1590

axiom1593

groundsel1604

postulatuma1620

praecognitum1624

datum1646

self-evident1675

philosopheme1678

dictum of all and none1697

dictum of Aristotle1827

prius1882

ground rule1890

posit1900

1827 R. Whately Elem. Logic 33 The same writer [sc. Dugald Stewart] brings an objection against the Dictum of Aristotle.

1869 J. Martineau in Prospective Rev. 8 134 Were the dictum of Aristotle shaped into perfect conformity with this theory, it would be expressed thus:—Whatever is found in a contained class is in the containing.

4. Law. An expression of opinion by a judge which is not essential to his or her decision as to the particular case. Cf. obiter dictum n.Such statements are not, under the doctrine of precedent, absolutely binding on lower courts although they will often be regarded as having persuasive authority.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > expression of opinion by judge

dictuma1754

a1754 J. Strange Rep. Cases (1755) 1 380 Their first citation was a dictum of my Lord Nottingham's in the Duke of Norfolk's case, where he intimates, that there may be an adjournment propter difficultatem out of a court of law into Parliament.

1776 J. Burrow Rep. Court King's Bench 4 2294 He intimated that long contrary Usage ought to go a great way towards over~turning any old Dictum.

1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 62 Against these authorities may be adduced the solitary dictum of Lord Rosslyn, who, in Walker v. Denne doubted whether there was any equity between the real and personal representatives.

1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 299 The doctrine appears to rest solely on the dicta of the Lords Commissioners.

1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. i. ix. 215 The dicta of judges concerning privilege of Parliament have been very conflicting.

1892 Law Jrnl. 27 Notes of Cases 4/2 The statement in Maure v. Harrison that he is so entitled is a dictum only, and cannot be supported.

1928 G. G. Reynolds Distrib. Power to regulate Interstate Carriers ii. 67 Five years previously, the Court had stated..that ‘the power to regulate commerce comprehends [etc.].’ This statement, however, has only the force of a dictum.

1999 Columbia Law Rev. 99 478 The evolution of the..precept, from its inception in a dictum in Goldfarb v. Virginia State Bar to its fruition in United States v. Brown University.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	dictum
释义	dictumn. Brit. /ˈdɪktəm/, U.S. /ˈdɪktəm/ Inflections: Plural dicta, dictums. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin dictum. Etymology: < classical Latin dictum utterance, order, precept, promise, saying, remark, witticism, in post-classical Latin also (in legal use) plea, decision, award (from 12th cent. in British sources), use as noun of neuter of past participle of dīcere to say < the same Indo-European base as tee v.² Compare earlier dict n.¹ 1. a. An authoritative utterance or pronouncement attributed to a particular person or source. Also more generally: an utterance, something which has been said; (in plural) remarks. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > [noun] > that which is or can be spoken speechc897 saw9.. speech971 wordOE quideOE wordsOE wordOE thingOE rouna1225 mouthc1225 queatha1250 breathc1300 reasonc1300 speakingsa1325 swarec1325 saying1340 voicec1350 lorea1375 sermonc1385 carpc1400 gear1415 utterancec1454 parol1474 ditty1483 say1571 said1578 dictumc1586 palabra1600 breathing1606 bringinga1616 elocution?1637 rumblea1680 elocutive1821 vocability1841 deliverance1845 deliverment1850 deliverancy1853 verbalization1858 voicing1888 sayable1937 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > serious saying, dictum > [noun] dictate1582 dictumc1586 sententiosity1646 seriosity1728 sententiary1843 c1586 J. Stewart Poems (1913) 78 Quhan thay so haid left ingrauit heir..dictums perfyt indent. 1592 L. Andrewes Wonderfull Combate iii. f. 32^v That the Diuell knowes well enough, as appeareth by his mallice that he hath alwayes borne it, before it was scripture, when it was but onely Dictum. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Dictum (Lat.) a Word, a Saying, a Proverb; an Order or Command. 1787 J. Hawkins Life Johnson 542 This dictum carries the more weight with it, as it comes from a man whose sentiments, respecting sectaries, may be inferred from the following passage. 1809 Edinb. Rev. 14 452 He concludes his remarks, or rather dicta upon this topic, with the following passage. 1821 W. M. Craig Lect. Drawing vii. 365 We will not take for our guide the dictum of any professor in the art. 1828 G. Combe Constit. Man (1835) ii. 66 The collective dicta of the highest minds illuminated by the greatest knowledge. 1861 Court Life at Naples II. 148 His dictums were not regarded with the same awe to which he had been used. 1936 Times Lit. Suppl. 2 May 366/3 His dicta are analysed by the author with the same painstakingness. 1973 Sunday Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 23 Dec. f5/1 Andy Warhol's dictum, ‘In the future everybody will be famous for fifteen minutes.’ 1999 C. Dexter Remorseful Day (2000) xxiii. 184 The friezes of the walls were adorned with the dicta of several great Irishmen, their words attractively set in black-lettered Gaelic script. b. A generally accepted observation or saying, an adage, a saw. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > [noun] saw9.. quideOE yedOE wordOE wisdomc1175 bysawe?c1225 riotc1330 sentencec1380 textc1386 dict1432 diction1477 redec1480 say1486 adage1530 commonplace?1531 adagy1534 soothsay1549 maxima1564 apophthegm1570 speech1575 gnome1577 aphorisma1593 imprese1593 spoke1594 symbol1594 maxim1605 wording1606 impress1610 motto1615 dictum1616 impresa1622 dictate1625 effate1650 sentiment1780 great thought1821 brocarda1856 text-motto1880 sententia1917 1616 Bp. W. Cowper Two Fruitfull Treat. ii. 281 In the last roome followeth Perseuerance, hauing in her Badge a Crowne holden vp on high with both her hands, with this Dictum, He that perseueres to the end shall be saued. 1797 Parl. Reg. 1797–1802 I. 320 It is an old dictum, that grievances ought to precede supplies, and which, as a dictum, no man will dispute. 1826 S. Smith Wks. (1852) II. 110/2 Of all false and foolish dicta, the most trite and the most absurd is that which asserts that the Judge is counsel for the prisoner. 1859 J. S. Mill On Liberty ii. 52 The dictum that truth always triumphs. 1871 J. S. Blackie Four Phases Morals i. 36 The famous dictum that ‘the natural state of man is a war of all men against all men.’ 1900 Mind 9 109 The dreary doctrine that ‘it is all one’ has..admirably illustrated the dictum plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose. 1955 Sci. Amer. Apr. 100/3 This epistemological problem is best solved by following the classical dictum, ‘If you can't beat 'em join 'em’. 2002 J. Grisham Summons (2003) i. 4 Like all serious professors he was ruled by the ‘publish or perish’ dictum of academic life. 2. Logic. A statement which forms the subject (subject n. 6a) of a modal proposition. Cf. modus n. 4. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > scholasticism > [noun] > elements of logic dictum1599 1599 T. Blundeville Art of Logike iii. vi. 66 A Modall Proposition..is that which affirmeth or denyeth some thing not absolutely, but in a certain respect, sort or moode, which moode is commonly the Predicate in this kinde of Proposition, and all the rest of the subiect called of the Logicians, Dictum. 1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck Monitio Logica i. xxviii. 113 Modal Enunciation consists of a Dictum and Mood: The Dictum of which is as it were the Subject, and the Mood the Predicate..‘It is necessary that God be good’: that is, Deum esse bonum; the Dictum is, that God be good; the Mode, Necessary. 1773 E. Bentham Introd. Logick ii. iii. 45 If we consider a modal proposition, under the notion of a simple proposition, the dictum is the subject of it; the modus is the predicate. 1850 H. H. Munro Man. Logic iii. 105 Propositions often occur, usually considered modal, in which it is often requisite to alter the arrangement of the words in which they are expressed, in order to see clearly which is the dictum, and which the modus. 1961 I. Thomas tr. I. M. Bocheński Hist. Formal Logic iii. 183 Modal propositions are said to be affirmative or negative according to the affirmation or negation of the mode, not according to the affirmation or negation of the dictum. 3. a. dictum of all and none n. (and variants) rare = dictum de omni et nullo n. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical reasoning > [noun] > deductivism or a priori reasoning > a principle or axiom principlea1387 maximc1450 first principle1525 ground1528 principal1545 principium1550 protasis1572 theorem1588 postulate1590 axiom1593 groundsel1604 postulatuma1620 praecognitum1624 datum1646 self-evident1675 philosopheme1678 dictum of all and none1697 dictum of Aristotle1827 prius1882 ground rule1890 posit1900 1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck Monitio Logica ii. viii. 32 If the Dictum of All and None be Paraphrastically propounded. 1923 J. A. Leighton Field of Philos. (definitive ed.) viii. 127 Some of the most fundamental principles of logic, such as..the dictum concerning all and none (dictum de omni et nullo). b. Dictum of Kenilworth n. English History a settlement made in 1266 establishing the terms under which the supporters of Simon de Montfort were to end their resistance against Henry III. ΚΠ 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 567 At which time, there went out and was proclaimed from hence an Edict, which our Lawyers use to call Dictum de Kenelworth, whereby it was enacted, That whosoever had tooke armes against the King should pay every one of them five yeeres rent of their lands &c.] 1762 D. Hume Hist. Eng. to Henry VII II. xii. 58 Knights and esquires, says the Dictum of Kenelworth, who were robbers, if they have no land, shall pay the half of their goods. 1939 Church Hist. 8 12 By the Dictum of Kenilworth Henry was forced to recognize the charters and restore them to the people as the fundamental law of England. 1994 Eng. Hist. Rev. 109 644 His [sc. Robert de Vere's] return to his former place was taken a long step further by the Dictum of Kenilworth. †c. dictum of Aristotle n. Obsolete = dictum de omni et nullo n. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical reasoning > [noun] > deductivism or a priori reasoning > a principle or axiom principlea1387 maximc1450 first principle1525 ground1528 principal1545 principium1550 protasis1572 theorem1588 postulate1590 axiom1593 groundsel1604 postulatuma1620 praecognitum1624 datum1646 self-evident1675 philosopheme1678 dictum of all and none1697 dictum of Aristotle1827 prius1882 ground rule1890 posit1900 1827 R. Whately Elem. Logic 33 The same writer [sc. Dugald Stewart] brings an objection against the Dictum of Aristotle. 1869 J. Martineau in Prospective Rev. 8 134 Were the dictum of Aristotle shaped into perfect conformity with this theory, it would be expressed thus:—Whatever is found in a contained class is in the containing. 4. Law. An expression of opinion by a judge which is not essential to his or her decision as to the particular case. Cf. obiter dictum n.Such statements are not, under the doctrine of precedent, absolutely binding on lower courts although they will often be regarded as having persuasive authority. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > expression of opinion by judge dictuma1754 a1754 J. Strange Rep. Cases (1755) 1 380 Their first citation was a dictum of my Lord Nottingham's in the Duke of Norfolk's case, where he intimates, that there may be an adjournment propter difficultatem out of a court of law into Parliament. 1776 J. Burrow Rep. Court King's Bench 4 2294 He intimated that long contrary Usage ought to go a great way towards over~turning any old Dictum. 1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 62 Against these authorities may be adduced the solitary dictum of Lord Rosslyn, who, in Walker v. Denne doubted whether there was any equity between the real and personal representatives. 1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 299 The doctrine appears to rest solely on the dicta of the Lords Commissioners. 1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. i. ix. 215 The dicta of judges concerning privilege of Parliament have been very conflicting. 1892 Law Jrnl. 27 Notes of Cases 4/2 The statement in Maure v. Harrison that he is so entitled is a dictum only, and cannot be supported. 1928 G. G. Reynolds Distrib. Power to regulate Interstate Carriers ii. 67 Five years previously, the Court had stated..that ‘the power to regulate commerce comprehends [etc.].’ This statement, however, has only the force of a dictum. 1999 Columbia Law Rev. 99 478 The evolution of the..precept, from its inception in a dictum in Goldfarb v. Virginia State Bar to its fruition in United States v. Brown University. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1586
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