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单词 dictate
释义

dictaten.

Brit. /ˈdɪkteɪt/, U.S. /ˈdɪkˌteɪt/
Forms: 1500s–1600s dictat, 1500s– dictate.
Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly a borrowing from Latin. Probably partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: Latin dictātum ; Latin dictatus ; dictate v.
Etymology: Probably partly < classical Latin dictātum thing dictated (usually in plural dictāta things dictated, lessons, rules, precepts, exercises; use as noun of neuter past participle of dictāre dictate v.), partly < post-classical Latin dictatus written work, treatise, report (late 5th cent.), action of dictating (6th cent.), decision, command (c1000 in a British source; < classical Latin dictāt- , past participial stem of dictāre + -tus , suffix forming verbal nouns), and partly < dictate v. Compare dictum n., diktat n., dictation n. N.E.D. (1895) gives the pronunciation as (di·ktĕt) /ˈdɪktət/, hence distinct from either of the pronunciations it gives for dictate v., but other sources (e.g. Sheridan (1780), Walker (1791)) give the same pronunciation as for dictate v.
1.
a. That which is orally expressed or uttered in order to be written down; a written version of what has been stated in this way; a dictated text or utterance. Now rare (historical in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > [noun] > dictation > something dictated
dictate1581
dictationa1624
1581 R. Parsons Discouerie I. Nicols sig. F.iiijv There are 3. or 4. priests in prison lately come from Rome, who..haue missed no one lecture which Pais redde, but haue receaued all in wrytinge: let their dictates be seene.
1617 J. Minsheu Ἡγεμὼν είς τὰς γλῶσσας: Ductor in Linguas Dictates or lessons which the master enditeth for his schollers to write.
1632 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 4) Democritus to Rdr. 12 Sixe or seuen Amanuenses to write out his dictats.
1691 A. Gavin Observ. Journy to Naples 21 They are not made to Write, that is, to take Dictates.
1724 R. Wodrow Life J. Wodrow (1828) 18 I had a copy of Logick and Ethick Dictates in my father's hand among his school books.
1792 D. O'Connell Let. 3 June (1972) I. 6 In Logic we get by heart the Douai College dictates, not being able to find any other book on that subject in this town.
1826 (title) Dictates, or selections in prose and verse for dictating as exercises in orthography.
1831 Imperial Mag. May 216/1 The author informs us, that the preceding essay was composed for his pupils, and divided into short dictates for their accommodation.
1909 E. H. Burton Life Bp. Challoner I. iii. 35 The professor read his lecture slowly, and his students wrote it out in their note-books. The notes of lectures so taken down were known as ‘Dictates’.
1994 Rhetoric Soc. Q. 23 111 Horner informs us as to the condition of the manuscripts, whether they were student notes or dictates, the legibility of the handwriting, and the range of principles covered.
b. The action of uttering or reciting something so that it may be written down; = dictation n. 2. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > [noun] > dictation
dictating1612
dictate1642
dictation1648
1642 Bp. J. Taylor Of Sacred Order Episcopacy xxiii. 132 Many were actually there long after S. Pauls dictate of the Epistle.
1678 Lively Orac. ii. §41 Said to have wrote by dictat from him, as Mark did from Saint Peter.
a1706 J. Evelyn Hist. Relig. (1850) I. vii. 411 These books..[which] if they be not written by the dictate of the Holy Spirit,..St. Athanasius assures us are self-sufficient.
1825 S. Noble Plenary Inspiration of Script. Asserted i. 13 Our reverence for their [sc. the prophets'] writings as flowing from the immediate dictate of God.
2.
a. An authoritative utterance or pronouncement attributed to a particular person or source. Cf. dictum n. 1a. Now rare or merged in sense 3b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > serious saying, dictum > [noun]
dictate1582
dictumc1586
sententiosity1646
seriosity1728
sententiary1843
1582 A. Munday Breefe Aunswer sig. C.viii He confesseth that he neuer passed farder in Diuinitie then Canisius dictates, whose writing is verie well known to our learned Diuines heere in England.
1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. xxii. sig. M5v It was the Philosophers Dictate.
1651 C. Cartwright Certamen Religiosum i. 164 According to the late Roman dictates.
a1727 I. Newton Short. Chron. 1st Memory in Chronol. Anc. Kingdoms Amended (1728) 19 This gives a beginning to Oracles in Greece: and by their dictates the Worship of the Dead is every where introduced.
1809 Times 20 Dec. 3/2 He..used to quote a verse of old Ennius, as the dictate of an oracle, which derived all the glory of Rome from an adherence to its ancient manners and discipline.
1938 D. Haskell in H. E. Stearns Amer. Now 113 The trailerite workman driving from job to job follows a century-old dictate of Engels, that labor to avoid slavery must remain mobile.
2007 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 3 July r1 William James wrote that, ‘The greatest use of life is to spend it for something that will outlast it.’ Lady Diana has more than fulfilled the philosopher's dictate.
b. A generally accepted observation or saying; = dictum n. 1b.Frequently with some element of guidance as to action, and thus approaching sense 3a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > [noun]
saw9..
quideOE
yedOE
wordOE
wisdomc1175
bysawe?c1225
riotc1330
sentencec1380
textc1386
dict1432
diction1477
redec1480
say1486
adage1530
commonplace?1531
adagy1534
soothsay1549
maxima1564
apophthegm1570
speech1575
gnome1577
aphorisma1593
imprese1593
spoke1594
symbol1594
maxim1605
wording1606
impress1610
motto1615
dictum1616
impresa1622
dictate1625
effate1650
sentiment1780
great thought1821
brocarda1856
text-motto1880
sententia1917
1625 T. Jackson Christs Answer 197 Wee beleeue it as a dictate, or maxime of faith, that God giues grace vnto the humble, or vnto such as for sake all, and deny themselues.
1650 T. Hobbes De Corpore Politico 37 This Rule is very well known and expressed in this Old Dictate, Quod tibi fieri non vis, alteri ne feceris.
a1682 Sir T. Browne Christian Morals (1716) iii. 92 According to old Dictates, no Man can be said to be happy before Death.
1798 I. Allen Nat. & Polit. Hist. Vermont 280 It seems to be a dictate in nature that there is no bane for which there is not a remedy.
1812 G. Penn Bioscope 53 Which axiom is but the echo of that more ancient dictate of wisdom; ‘Better is the end of a thing, than the beginning thereof.’
1978 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 7 Jan. 1/4 Abiding by an old dictate of this business—that reporters should never underestimate their readers' intelligence—I will not belabor the obvious.
1991 Oregonian (Portland, Oregon) (Nexis) 31 Jan. d2 The age-old dictate that all is fair in war.
3.
a. A directive, prescription, or guide to action, deriving from or attributed to conscience, natural impulse, reason, experience, etc.; a requirement or ruling principle taken from scripture or divine revelation, or regarded as axiomatic within a particular sphere; a powerful guiding impulse. Usually in plural.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > a command > of a ruling or actuating principle
dictate1593
1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. vii. 60 The lawes of well doing are the dictates of right reason.
1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 137 He might have followed the dictate of his owne Genius.
1656 J. Bramhall Replic. to Bishop of Chalcedon i. 56 Contrary to the dictate of his Conscience.
1696 R. Bentley Of Revel. & Messias 13 He should constantly adhere to the dictates of Reason and Nature.
1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle II. lxiv. 211 The affair should be examined, and determined according to the dictates of justice and truth.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xliv. 659 Every man will obey the dictates of his interest.
1798 T. R. Malthus Ess. Princ. Population ii. 28 Pursuing the dictate of nature in an early attachment to one woman.
1823 M. W. Shelley Valperga I. xii. 244 There might be perceived..a reserve of caution, a presence of mind, which never permitted him to be carried beyond the dictates of prudence.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre II. iv. 101 Strong wind, earthquake, shock, and fire may pass by: I shall follow the guiding..of that still small voice which interprets the dictates of conscience.
1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (1879) i. vi. §1 238 He seems to have followed the dictates of his artistic feelings.
1932 T. E. Lawrence tr. Homer Odyssey xiii If any so purblindly follow the dictates of their passion and self-will as to scamp your due reverence—the remedy is yours.
1991 N. Rush Mating vii. 407 I..made a list of all the questions that I might someday ask, when he was himself again and we could solve things according to the dictates of reason.
2007 N.Y. Times Mag. 26 Aug. 24/1 Following the dictates of cold-war realpolitik, the Western democracies were happy to welcome fascist Portugal into Atlanticist institutions like NATO.
b. A command, instruction, or ruling given by a recognized person or body.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > ordinance, prescription, or appointment > an ordinance or authoritative utterance
setnessc950
sandc1000
edict1297
statutec1300
proclamationa1325
justifyinga1382
rescritec1384
decree?a1400
thewsc1400
justification?a1475
ordinationc1499
dictamena1513
golden bull1537
dictate1604
process1604
dictament1615
dictation1651
fiata1750
diktat1941
1604 Abp. G. Abbot Reasons Dr. Hill Vnmasked ix. 351 His [sc. the Pope's] Dictates were only attended in such places of the West, as over which he had vsurped a spirituall dominion.
a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1955) II. 172 A faithful executing of his Commission, and speaking according to his dictate.
1645 G. Wither Vox Pacifica 3 By Gods immediate dictates, I indite.
1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 42 Themselves give us but their Magisteriall Dictates.
1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity ii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 438 O fav'rite Virgin, that hast warm'd the Breast, Whose sov'reign Dictates subjugate the East!
1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 95. ⁋9 I could not receive such dictates without horror.
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. ix. 183 The dictates of my father were..not to be altered, innovated, or even discussed.
1876 J. B. Mozley Serm. preached Univ. of Oxf. i. 12 They speak at the dictate of a higher power, whose word is law.
1929 Melody Maker Feb. 124/3 The listener is often served with all kinds of tripe songs, reiterated ad nauseam, at the dictates of the wire pullers over an extensive plugging period.
1971 K. Awoonor This Earth, my Brother viiia. 104 The lonely exiles from Bremen who..rode horses into the sacred town against the expressed dictates of the sky-god.
1983 Times 18 Nov. 15/7 To accept the treaty now as a dead letter would be to accept the dictate of the aggressor.
1996 J. Brown Hong Kong & Macau: Rough Guide (ed. 3) 372/1 Foreign traders in Canton had to restrict themselves to the dictates of the Chinese rulers.
2008 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 23 Jan. 19 The strong-willed Ramona bucked against the dictates of Anu's conservative family.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

dictatev.

Brit. /dɪkˈteɪt/, U.S. /ˈdɪkˌteɪt/
Forms: 1500s– dictate, 1600s dictat; also Scottish pre-1700 dictat (past tense), pre-1700 dictat (past participle).
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin dictāt-, dictāre.
Etymology: < classical Latin dictāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix3) of dictāre to say habitually or repeatedly, to indicate (matter to be written down), to compose, draw up, to prescribe, order, a frequentative formation < dīcere to say, tell (see dictum n.). Compare Middle French, French dicter to state or express in the form of words which are to be written down, to compose, draft (14th cent.), to prescribe, stipulate (14th cent.), Old Occitan dictar to say, to pronounce, to compose, to prescribe; and also Catalan dictar (14th cent.), Spanish dictar (13th cent.), Portuguese ditar (14th cent.), Italian dettare, (now archaic) dittare (a1292), also Middle Dutch, Dutch dicteren (15th cent.), German diktieren (15th cent.), all in sense ‘to dictate (a text)’ and in most cases also in sense ‘to specify, prescribe’.Most sources until the late 19th cent. indicate only stress on the first syllable. N.E.D. (1895) gives the pronunciation as (diktēi·t, di·kteit) /dɪkˈteɪt/, /ˈdɪkteɪt/. Stress on the second syllable is usual in British sources from the early 20th cent. onwards.
1.
a. transitive. To state or express in the form of words which are to be written down; to say or read aloud (matter which is to be transcribed).
ΚΠ
1577 R. Davies Funerall Serm. sig. C.iii This celestiall Charter, dictated by the sonne of God, and written by the Disciple beloued of Christ Iohn the Apostle and Euangelist.
1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) ii. 59 Like a schoolemaister, which doth dictate or rehearse to his schollers some Theame or Epistle.
1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. x. 151 You are to dictate, or deliuer vnto them word by word, the English of the sentence.
1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. vi. 130 A Book..not penned, but dictated by such as know right well the most secret Cabales, and Intriques of the Conclave.
1708 tr. Turkish Tales 242 The Grand Visier being ready, the Sultan dictated the following Words.
1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1753 I. 137 [A. Williams:] He dictated them, while Bathurst wrote.
a1831 J. H. Newman in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) X. 283/1 He [sc. Cicero] used to dictate his thoughts to his scribes.
1856 B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. (ed. 3) I. iv. 126 During his last illness..he dictated an account of some scientific observations.
1913 E. Ferber Roast Beef Medium i. 9 I'm going to dictate two letters, explaining why business was rotten last week, and why it's going to pick up next week.
1965 A. Lurie Nowhere City xii. 123 I wonder if I could dictate a couple more letters then, while we wait?
2006 Church Times 25 Aug. 23/3 His laptop broke down and he had to file the old way, dictating his copy down the phone with no time to think.
b. intransitive. To speak or read in this way; to give dictation.
ΚΠ
1592 J. Dee Autobiogr. Tracts ii. 7 in Chetham Misc. (1851) I I did also dictate upon every proposition, beside the first exposition.
1633 G. Herbert Posie in Temple ii Whether I sing, Or say, or dictate, this is my delight.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 23 My Celestial Patroness, who..dictates to me slumbring. View more context for this quotation
1724 J. Swift Let. to Molesworth p. iv My Custom is..to Dictate to a 'Prentice who can write in a Feigned Hand.
a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iii. 370 Cesar could dictate to three amanuenses together.
1823 Times 9 Apr. 3/5 He was apparently dictating to some person who was writing for him.
1858 ‘G. Eliot’ Janet's Repentance vii, in Scenes Clerical Life II. 153 Mr Dempster placed himself near her..and..began to dictate.
1902 W. B. Yeats Let. 18 Apr. (1994) III. 175 I am working at my novel—dictating to a type writer.
1960 A. L. Rowse Diary 1 Oct. (2003) 326 He was talking into a dictaphone or long-distance phone, dictating to a secretary.
2000 K. Atkinson Emotionally Weird (2001) 360 Watson Grant's door..was open to reveal a group of bored students to whom he was dictating like an old-fashioned dominie.
2. transitive. To express, indicate. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (transitive)]
speakc900
sayOE
sayOE
tell?a1160
to put forth?c1225
posea1325
allegec1330
declarec1330
exponec1380
to bring fortha1382
expounda1382
terminec1384
allaya1387
express1386
proport1387
purport1389
cough1393
generalize?a1425
deliverc1454
expremec1470
to show forth1498
promisea1500
term1546
to set forward1560
attribute1563
to throw out1573
quote1575
dictate1599
rendera1616
preport1616
enunciate1623
remonstrate1625
state1642
pronunciate1652
annunciate1763
present1779
enounce1805
report1842
constate1865
lodge1885
outen1951
1599 S. Daniel Complaint Rosamond (new ed.) in Poet. Ess. sig. Ee4 Eu'ry corner of that hatefull place Dictates mine error [printed etror], and reueales disgrace.
1638 R. Brathwait tr. J. de Gruytrode in Spiritual Spicerie 156 Not the least sprig, seed, or grasse-pile, but reteined in it a mysterious impression of so exquisite an Artist: yet with what an easie contempt and perfunctory reflex, hee lookes on these, as if they dictated nothing to him but a vading vanity?
1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 182 Left them with a frowne, dictating their base carriage and my impatience.
3. transitive. To state or declare authoritatively; to utter as a pronouncement or dictum. Also figurative. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > ordain, prescribe, or appoint
asetc885
teachc897
deemc900
ashapea1000
i-demeOE
setc1000
shiftc1000
stevenOE
redeOE
willOE
lookc1175
showc1175
stablea1300
devise1303
terminea1325
shapec1330
stightlea1375
determinec1384
judgea1387
sign1389
assize1393
statute1397
commanda1400
decree1399
yarka1400
writec1405
decreetc1425
rule1447
stallc1460
constitute1481
assignc1485
institute1485
prescribec1487
constitue1489
destinate1490
to lay down1493
make?a1513
call1523
plant1529
allot1532
stint1533
determ1535
appointa1538
destinec1540
prescrive1552
lot1560
fore-appoint1561
nominate1564
to set down1576
refer1590
sort1592
doom1594
fit1600
dictate1606
determinate1636
inordera1641
state1647
fix1660
direct1816
1606 G. Chapman Gentleman Vsher ii. sig. C2v Good master Vsher, will you dictate to me, Which is the part precedent of this night-cap, And which posterior?
1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. iv. i. ii. 729 Our owne conscience doth dictate so much vnto vs.
1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 196. ⁋6 He will..dictate axioms to posterity.
1781 W. Cowper Truth 513 Of all that Wisdom dictates, this the drift.
4.
a. transitive. To prescribe (what is to be done); to determine or lay down as being obligatory or necessary; to require as an imperative; to stipulate (a course of action, the terms of an agreement, etc.). Also: to make a stipulation or determination in respect of (something).In quot. 1637: to recommend the use of (a medicinal substance); = prescribe v. 3a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (transitive)] > authoritatively or as an opinion
pronouncec1384
determine1393
judgec1400
dictate1624
to put on (also upon) record1782
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > [verb (transitive)] > prescribe treatment
prescribe1533
prescrive1568
dictate1624
direct1754
1624 D. Featley Romish Fisher Caught sig. H2* It is an easie and sweet kind of teaching, for a man that is safe himselfe..from a high wall to dictate strokes, & poynt out to a souldier in the Field, where he should smite his aduersarie.
1637 J. Shirley Gamester iii. i Your learned physician dictates ambergrease.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxx. 185 The same Law, that dictateth to men..what they ought to do.
1699 C. Hopkins Court-prospect i. 14 He meditates, and dictates Europe's Fate.
1725 I. Watts Logick ii. v. §6 God can dictate nothing but what is worthy of himself.
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. xii. 192 I find his present prosecution was dictated by tyranny, cowardice and revenge.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxxiv. 264 They dictated the conditions of peace.
1799 S. Rogers Epist. to Friend (new ed.) 53 Her prudence dictates what her pride disdain'd.
1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece V. xliv. 355 Thus both were decreed..on the terms dictated by Philip.
1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) Pref. It appeared to me to be plainly dictated by common sense.
1891 Speaker 2 May 532/2 The Socialist no longer thinks of dictating to society what it ought to be.
1948 A. C. Kinsey et al. Sexual Behavior Human Male x. 365 Public sentiment, backed by sporadic police action, has dictated the styles of bathing suits.
1967 Guardian 11 July 6/5 The idea that the Israelis are anxious to..dictate a Carthaginian peace is ludicrously wide of the mark.
1976 National Observer (U.S.) 14 Aug. 4/1 The iron rule of business dictates staying open anytime there's a decent chance to turn a profit.
2004 R. Weitz Rapunzel's Daughters Introd. p. xv Prior to the colonization of Polynesia by Europeans, Tikopia tribal custom dictated that women have short hair.
b. intransitive. To make a prescription, stipulation, or ruling; to lay down the law; to give orders, be in command.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command or give orders [verb (intransitive)]
command1393
ordaina1400
dictatea1628
a1628 N. Carpenter Achitophel (1629) 38 As though God could not as well direct our studie, as strengthen our deliuerie; and there were not a place as well for attention to follow, as inuention to dictate in our Deuotion.
1651 T. Hobbes Philos. Rudim. vii. §8. 125 We have seen how Subjects, nature dictating, have oblig'd themselves..to obey the Supreme Power.
1728 A. Pope Dunciad ii. 331 To cavil, censure, dictate, right or wrong.
1755 E. Young Centaur iii. 156 Did this poor, pallid, scarce-animated Mass dictate in the cabinet of Pleasure?
1807 Salmagundi 24 Feb. 58 He is the oracle of the family, dictates to his sisters on every occasion.
1871 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch (1872) I. i. ix. 122 A woman dictates before marriage in order that she may have an appetite for submission afterwards.
1931 J. T. Adams Epic of Amer. vii. 185 There he was, rich as Crœsus, and dictating to the government.
1961 Times 9 Feb. 13/5 It is a quite intolerable invasion of individual liberty of conscience that any third party should seek to dictate to a woman on a matter of such importance.
1991 R. P. Formisano Boston against Busing ii. 36 Once again outsiders, no longer mainly Yankee or rural, were dictating to Boston's untrustworthy Irish about how to run their city.

Derivatives

dicˈtated adj.
ΚΠ
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Dicté, dictated, indicted.
1796 E. Inchbald Nature & Art I. xi. 62 He walked into the room, not with a dictated obeisance, but with a hurrying step, a half pleased, yet a half frightened look, [etc.].
1823 J. Neal Randolph II. 186 The very language that his mother taught him, when he fell upon his little knees, and lisped the dictated prayer after her, syllable by syllable.
1924 Elem. School Jrnl. 24 586 Writing on the board his dictated contributions while we build up sufficient word power to make individual written composition work possible.
2000 A. Rashid Taliban (2001) 196 For nearly 20 years since the Islamic revolution, Tehran's women had shrouded themselves in the dictated garb of hijab.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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