单词 | dictate |
释义 | dictaten. 1. a. That which is orally expressed or uttered in order to be written down; a written version of what has been stated in this way; a dictated text or utterance. Now rare (historical in later use). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > [noun] > dictation > something dictated dictate1581 dictationa1624 1581 R. Parsons Discouerie I. Nicols sig. F.iiijv There are 3. or 4. priests in prison lately come from Rome, who..haue missed no one lecture which Pais redde, but haue receaued all in wrytinge: let their dictates be seene. 1617 J. Minsheu Ἡγεμὼν είς τὰς γλῶσσας: Ductor in Linguas Dictates or lessons which the master enditeth for his schollers to write. 1632 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 4) Democritus to Rdr. 12 Sixe or seuen Amanuenses to write out his dictats. 1691 A. Gavin Observ. Journy to Naples 21 They are not made to Write, that is, to take Dictates. 1724 R. Wodrow Life J. Wodrow (1828) 18 I had a copy of Logick and Ethick Dictates in my father's hand among his school books. 1792 D. O'Connell Let. 3 June (1972) I. 6 In Logic we get by heart the Douai College dictates, not being able to find any other book on that subject in this town. 1826 (title) Dictates, or selections in prose and verse for dictating as exercises in orthography. 1831 Imperial Mag. May 216/1 The author informs us, that the preceding essay was composed for his pupils, and divided into short dictates for their accommodation. 1909 E. H. Burton Life Bp. Challoner I. iii. 35 The professor read his lecture slowly, and his students wrote it out in their note-books. The notes of lectures so taken down were known as ‘Dictates’. 1994 Rhetoric Soc. Q. 23 111 Horner informs us as to the condition of the manuscripts, whether they were student notes or dictates, the legibility of the handwriting, and the range of principles covered. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > [noun] > dictation dictating1612 dictate1642 dictation1648 1642 Bp. J. Taylor Of Sacred Order Episcopacy xxiii. 132 Many were actually there long after S. Pauls dictate of the Epistle. 1678 Lively Orac. ii. §41 Said to have wrote by dictat from him, as Mark did from Saint Peter. a1706 J. Evelyn Hist. Relig. (1850) I. vii. 411 These books..[which] if they be not written by the dictate of the Holy Spirit,..St. Athanasius assures us are self-sufficient. 1825 S. Noble Plenary Inspiration of Script. Asserted i. 13 Our reverence for their [sc. the prophets'] writings as flowing from the immediate dictate of God. 2. a. An authoritative utterance or pronouncement attributed to a particular person or source. Cf. dictum n. 1a. Now rare or merged in sense 3b. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > serious saying, dictum > [noun] dictate1582 dictumc1586 sententiosity1646 seriosity1728 sententiary1843 1582 A. Munday Breefe Aunswer sig. C.viii He confesseth that he neuer passed farder in Diuinitie then Canisius dictates, whose writing is verie well known to our learned Diuines heere in England. 1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. xxii. sig. M5v It was the Philosophers Dictate. 1651 C. Cartwright Certamen Religiosum i. 164 According to the late Roman dictates. a1727 I. Newton Short. Chron. 1st Memory in Chronol. Anc. Kingdoms Amended (1728) 19 This gives a beginning to Oracles in Greece: and by their dictates the Worship of the Dead is every where introduced. 1809 Times 20 Dec. 3/2 He..used to quote a verse of old Ennius, as the dictate of an oracle, which derived all the glory of Rome from an adherence to its ancient manners and discipline. 1938 D. Haskell in H. E. Stearns Amer. Now 113 The trailerite workman driving from job to job follows a century-old dictate of Engels, that labor to avoid slavery must remain mobile. 2007 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 3 July r1 William James wrote that, ‘The greatest use of life is to spend it for something that will outlast it.’ Lady Diana has more than fulfilled the philosopher's dictate. b. A generally accepted observation or saying; = dictum n. 1b.Frequently with some element of guidance as to action, and thus approaching sense 3a. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > [noun] saw9.. quideOE yedOE wordOE wisdomc1175 bysawe?c1225 riotc1330 sentencec1380 textc1386 dict1432 diction1477 redec1480 say1486 adage1530 commonplace?1531 adagy1534 soothsay1549 maxima1564 apophthegm1570 speech1575 gnome1577 aphorisma1593 imprese1593 spoke1594 symbol1594 maxim1605 wording1606 impress1610 motto1615 dictum1616 impresa1622 dictate1625 effate1650 sentiment1780 great thought1821 brocarda1856 text-motto1880 sententia1917 1625 T. Jackson Christs Answer 197 Wee beleeue it as a dictate, or maxime of faith, that God giues grace vnto the humble, or vnto such as for sake all, and deny themselues. 1650 T. Hobbes De Corpore Politico 37 This Rule is very well known and expressed in this Old Dictate, Quod tibi fieri non vis, alteri ne feceris. a1682 Sir T. Browne Christian Morals (1716) iii. 92 According to old Dictates, no Man can be said to be happy before Death. 1798 I. Allen Nat. & Polit. Hist. Vermont 280 It seems to be a dictate in nature that there is no bane for which there is not a remedy. 1812 G. Penn Bioscope 53 Which axiom is but the echo of that more ancient dictate of wisdom; ‘Better is the end of a thing, than the beginning thereof.’ 1978 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 7 Jan. 1/4 Abiding by an old dictate of this business—that reporters should never underestimate their readers' intelligence—I will not belabor the obvious. 1991 Oregonian (Portland, Oregon) (Nexis) 31 Jan. d2 The age-old dictate that all is fair in war. 3. a. A directive, prescription, or guide to action, deriving from or attributed to conscience, natural impulse, reason, experience, etc.; a requirement or ruling principle taken from scripture or divine revelation, or regarded as axiomatic within a particular sphere; a powerful guiding impulse. Usually in plural. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > a command > of a ruling or actuating principle dictate1593 1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. vii. 60 The lawes of well doing are the dictates of right reason. 1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 137 He might have followed the dictate of his owne Genius. 1656 J. Bramhall Replic. to Bishop of Chalcedon i. 56 Contrary to the dictate of his Conscience. 1696 R. Bentley Of Revel. & Messias 13 He should constantly adhere to the dictates of Reason and Nature. 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle II. lxiv. 211 The affair should be examined, and determined according to the dictates of justice and truth. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xliv. 659 Every man will obey the dictates of his interest. 1798 T. R. Malthus Ess. Princ. Population ii. 28 Pursuing the dictate of nature in an early attachment to one woman. 1823 M. W. Shelley Valperga I. xii. 244 There might be perceived..a reserve of caution, a presence of mind, which never permitted him to be carried beyond the dictates of prudence. 1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre II. iv. 101 Strong wind, earthquake, shock, and fire may pass by: I shall follow the guiding..of that still small voice which interprets the dictates of conscience. 1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (1879) i. vi. §1 238 He seems to have followed the dictates of his artistic feelings. 1932 T. E. Lawrence tr. Homer Odyssey xiii If any so purblindly follow the dictates of their passion and self-will as to scamp your due reverence—the remedy is yours. 1991 N. Rush Mating vii. 407 I..made a list of all the questions that I might someday ask, when he was himself again and we could solve things according to the dictates of reason. 2007 N.Y. Times Mag. 26 Aug. 24/1 Following the dictates of cold-war realpolitik, the Western democracies were happy to welcome fascist Portugal into Atlanticist institutions like NATO. b. A command, instruction, or ruling given by a recognized person or body. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > ordinance, prescription, or appointment > an ordinance or authoritative utterance setnessc950 sandc1000 edict1297 statutec1300 proclamationa1325 justifyinga1382 rescritec1384 decree?a1400 thewsc1400 justification?a1475 ordinationc1499 dictamena1513 golden bull1537 dictate1604 process1604 dictament1615 dictation1651 fiata1750 diktat1941 1604 Abp. G. Abbot Reasons Dr. Hill Vnmasked ix. 351 His [sc. the Pope's] Dictates were only attended in such places of the West, as over which he had vsurped a spirituall dominion. a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1955) II. 172 A faithful executing of his Commission, and speaking according to his dictate. 1645 G. Wither Vox Pacifica 3 By Gods immediate dictates, I indite. 1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 42 Themselves give us but their Magisteriall Dictates. 1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity ii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 438 O fav'rite Virgin, that hast warm'd the Breast, Whose sov'reign Dictates subjugate the East! 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 95. ⁋9 I could not receive such dictates without horror. 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. ix. 183 The dictates of my father were..not to be altered, innovated, or even discussed. 1876 J. B. Mozley Serm. preached Univ. of Oxf. i. 12 They speak at the dictate of a higher power, whose word is law. 1929 Melody Maker Feb. 124/3 The listener is often served with all kinds of tripe songs, reiterated ad nauseam, at the dictates of the wire pullers over an extensive plugging period. 1971 K. Awoonor This Earth, my Brother viiia. 104 The lonely exiles from Bremen who..rode horses into the sacred town against the expressed dictates of the sky-god. 1983 Times 18 Nov. 15/7 To accept the treaty now as a dead letter would be to accept the dictate of the aggressor. 1996 J. Brown Hong Kong & Macau: Rough Guide (ed. 3) 372/1 Foreign traders in Canton had to restrict themselves to the dictates of the Chinese rulers. 2008 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 23 Jan. 19 The strong-willed Ramona bucked against the dictates of Anu's conservative family. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). dictatev. 1. a. transitive. To state or express in the form of words which are to be written down; to say or read aloud (matter which is to be transcribed). ΚΠ 1577 R. Davies Funerall Serm. sig. C.iii This celestiall Charter, dictated by the sonne of God, and written by the Disciple beloued of Christ Iohn the Apostle and Euangelist. 1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) ii. 59 Like a schoolemaister, which doth dictate or rehearse to his schollers some Theame or Epistle. 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. x. 151 You are to dictate, or deliuer vnto them word by word, the English of the sentence. 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. vi. 130 A Book..not penned, but dictated by such as know right well the most secret Cabales, and Intriques of the Conclave. 1708 tr. Turkish Tales 242 The Grand Visier being ready, the Sultan dictated the following Words. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1753 I. 137 [A. Williams:] He dictated them, while Bathurst wrote. a1831 J. H. Newman in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) X. 283/1 He [sc. Cicero] used to dictate his thoughts to his scribes. 1856 B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. (ed. 3) I. iv. 126 During his last illness..he dictated an account of some scientific observations. 1913 E. Ferber Roast Beef Medium i. 9 I'm going to dictate two letters, explaining why business was rotten last week, and why it's going to pick up next week. 1965 A. Lurie Nowhere City xii. 123 I wonder if I could dictate a couple more letters then, while we wait? 2006 Church Times 25 Aug. 23/3 His laptop broke down and he had to file the old way, dictating his copy down the phone with no time to think. b. intransitive. To speak or read in this way; to give dictation. ΚΠ 1592 J. Dee Autobiogr. Tracts ii. 7 in Chetham Misc. (1851) I I did also dictate upon every proposition, beside the first exposition. 1633 G. Herbert Posie in Temple ii Whether I sing, Or say, or dictate, this is my delight. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 23 My Celestial Patroness, who..dictates to me slumbring. View more context for this quotation 1724 J. Swift Let. to Molesworth p. iv My Custom is..to Dictate to a 'Prentice who can write in a Feigned Hand. a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iii. 370 Cesar could dictate to three amanuenses together. 1823 Times 9 Apr. 3/5 He was apparently dictating to some person who was writing for him. 1858 ‘G. Eliot’ Janet's Repentance vii, in Scenes Clerical Life II. 153 Mr Dempster placed himself near her..and..began to dictate. 1902 W. B. Yeats Let. 18 Apr. (1994) III. 175 I am working at my novel—dictating to a type writer. 1960 A. L. Rowse Diary 1 Oct. (2003) 326 He was talking into a dictaphone or long-distance phone, dictating to a secretary. 2000 K. Atkinson Emotionally Weird (2001) 360 Watson Grant's door..was open to reveal a group of bored students to whom he was dictating like an old-fashioned dominie. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (transitive)] speakc900 sayOE sayOE tell?a1160 to put forth?c1225 posea1325 allegec1330 declarec1330 exponec1380 to bring fortha1382 expounda1382 terminec1384 allaya1387 express1386 proport1387 purport1389 cough1393 generalize?a1425 deliverc1454 expremec1470 to show forth1498 promisea1500 term1546 to set forward1560 attribute1563 to throw out1573 quote1575 dictate1599 rendera1616 preport1616 enunciate1623 remonstrate1625 state1642 pronunciate1652 annunciate1763 present1779 enounce1805 report1842 constate1865 lodge1885 outen1951 1599 S. Daniel Complaint Rosamond (new ed.) in Poet. Ess. sig. Ee4 Eu'ry corner of that hatefull place Dictates mine error [printed etror], and reueales disgrace. 1638 R. Brathwait tr. J. de Gruytrode in Spiritual Spicerie 156 Not the least sprig, seed, or grasse-pile, but reteined in it a mysterious impression of so exquisite an Artist: yet with what an easie contempt and perfunctory reflex, hee lookes on these, as if they dictated nothing to him but a vading vanity? 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 182 Left them with a frowne, dictating their base carriage and my impatience. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > ordain, prescribe, or appoint asetc885 teachc897 deemc900 ashapea1000 i-demeOE setc1000 shiftc1000 stevenOE redeOE willOE lookc1175 showc1175 stablea1300 devise1303 terminea1325 shapec1330 stightlea1375 determinec1384 judgea1387 sign1389 assize1393 statute1397 commanda1400 decree1399 yarka1400 writec1405 decreetc1425 rule1447 stallc1460 constitute1481 assignc1485 institute1485 prescribec1487 constitue1489 destinate1490 to lay down1493 make?a1513 call1523 plant1529 allot1532 stint1533 determ1535 appointa1538 destinec1540 prescrive1552 lot1560 fore-appoint1561 nominate1564 to set down1576 refer1590 sort1592 doom1594 fit1600 dictate1606 determinate1636 inordera1641 state1647 fix1660 direct1816 1606 G. Chapman Gentleman Vsher ii. sig. C2v Good master Vsher, will you dictate to me, Which is the part precedent of this night-cap, And which posterior? 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. iv. i. ii. 729 Our owne conscience doth dictate so much vnto vs. 1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 196. ⁋6 He will..dictate axioms to posterity. 1781 W. Cowper Truth 513 Of all that Wisdom dictates, this the drift. 4. a. transitive. To prescribe (what is to be done); to determine or lay down as being obligatory or necessary; to require as an imperative; to stipulate (a course of action, the terms of an agreement, etc.). Also: to make a stipulation or determination in respect of (something).In quot. 1637: to recommend the use of (a medicinal substance); = prescribe v. 3a. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (transitive)] > authoritatively or as an opinion pronouncec1384 determine1393 judgec1400 dictate1624 to put on (also upon) record1782 the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > [verb (transitive)] > prescribe treatment prescribe1533 prescrive1568 dictate1624 direct1754 1624 D. Featley Romish Fisher Caught sig. H2* It is an easie and sweet kind of teaching, for a man that is safe himselfe..from a high wall to dictate strokes, & poynt out to a souldier in the Field, where he should smite his aduersarie. 1637 J. Shirley Gamester iii. i Your learned physician dictates ambergrease. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxx. 185 The same Law, that dictateth to men..what they ought to do. 1699 C. Hopkins Court-prospect i. 14 He meditates, and dictates Europe's Fate. 1725 I. Watts Logick ii. v. §6 God can dictate nothing but what is worthy of himself. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. xii. 192 I find his present prosecution was dictated by tyranny, cowardice and revenge. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxxiv. 264 They dictated the conditions of peace. 1799 S. Rogers Epist. to Friend (new ed.) 53 Her prudence dictates what her pride disdain'd. 1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece V. xliv. 355 Thus both were decreed..on the terms dictated by Philip. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) Pref. It appeared to me to be plainly dictated by common sense. 1891 Speaker 2 May 532/2 The Socialist no longer thinks of dictating to society what it ought to be. 1948 A. C. Kinsey et al. Sexual Behavior Human Male x. 365 Public sentiment, backed by sporadic police action, has dictated the styles of bathing suits. 1967 Guardian 11 July 6/5 The idea that the Israelis are anxious to..dictate a Carthaginian peace is ludicrously wide of the mark. 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 14 Aug. 4/1 The iron rule of business dictates staying open anytime there's a decent chance to turn a profit. 2004 R. Weitz Rapunzel's Daughters Introd. p. xv Prior to the colonization of Polynesia by Europeans, Tikopia tribal custom dictated that women have short hair. b. intransitive. To make a prescription, stipulation, or ruling; to lay down the law; to give orders, be in command. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > command or give orders [verb (intransitive)] command1393 ordaina1400 dictatea1628 a1628 N. Carpenter Achitophel (1629) 38 As though God could not as well direct our studie, as strengthen our deliuerie; and there were not a place as well for attention to follow, as inuention to dictate in our Deuotion. 1651 T. Hobbes Philos. Rudim. vii. §8. 125 We have seen how Subjects, nature dictating, have oblig'd themselves..to obey the Supreme Power. 1728 A. Pope Dunciad ii. 331 To cavil, censure, dictate, right or wrong. 1755 E. Young Centaur iii. 156 Did this poor, pallid, scarce-animated Mass dictate in the cabinet of Pleasure? 1807 Salmagundi 24 Feb. 58 He is the oracle of the family, dictates to his sisters on every occasion. 1871 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch (1872) I. i. ix. 122 A woman dictates before marriage in order that she may have an appetite for submission afterwards. 1931 J. T. Adams Epic of Amer. vii. 185 There he was, rich as Crœsus, and dictating to the government. 1961 Times 9 Feb. 13/5 It is a quite intolerable invasion of individual liberty of conscience that any third party should seek to dictate to a woman on a matter of such importance. 1991 R. P. Formisano Boston against Busing ii. 36 Once again outsiders, no longer mainly Yankee or rural, were dictating to Boston's untrustworthy Irish about how to run their city. Derivatives dicˈtated adj. ΚΠ 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Dicté, dictated, indicted. 1796 E. Inchbald Nature & Art I. xi. 62 He walked into the room, not with a dictated obeisance, but with a hurrying step, a half pleased, yet a half frightened look, [etc.]. 1823 J. Neal Randolph II. 186 The very language that his mother taught him, when he fell upon his little knees, and lisped the dictated prayer after her, syllable by syllable. 1924 Elem. School Jrnl. 24 586 Writing on the board his dictated contributions while we build up sufficient word power to make individual written composition work possible. 2000 A. Rashid Taliban (2001) 196 For nearly 20 years since the Islamic revolution, Tehran's women had shrouded themselves in the dictated garb of hijab. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < |
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