denigratev.

/ˈdɛnɪɡreɪt/

Etymology: < participial stem of Latin dēnigrāre to blacken, < de- prefix 1c + nigrāre to blacken, < niger, nigr-, black; compare French dénigrer (14th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter). Apparently disused in 18th cent., and revived in 19th cent.

1. transitive. To blacken, make black or dark. literal. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > making or becoming black > make black [verb (transitive)]

blackc1350

blecka1382

blacken?a1425

bletch1570

bepitch1574

blatch1587

becollier1599

sable1610

bleach1611

bleak1611

sableize1611

denigrate1623

nigrify1656

ebonize1880

1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Denigrate, to make blacke.

1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Physical Inst. v, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. Cc3 This Lotion will denigrate the hairs of hoary heads.

1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 231 Drunkenness..denigrates the Colour of the Body.

1857 [see denigrated adj. at Derivatives].

2. figurative.

a. To blacken, sully, or stain (character or reputation); to blacken the reputation of (a person, etc.); to defame.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > slander or calumny > slander or calumniate [verb (transitive)]

to say or speak shame of, on, byc950

teleeOE

sayOE

to speak evil (Old English be) ofc1000

belie?c1225

betell?c1225

missayc1225

skandera1300

disclanderc1300

wrenchc1300

bewrayc1330

bite1330

gothele1340

slanderc1340

deprave1362

hinderc1375

backbite1382

blasphemec1386

afamec1390

fame1393

to blow up?a1400

defamea1400

noise1425

to say well (also evil, ill, etc.) of (also by)1445

malignc1450

to speak villainy of1470

infame1483

injury1484

painta1522

malicea1526

denigrate1526

disfamea1533

misreporta1535

sugill?1539

dishonest?c1550

calumniate1554

scandalize1566

ill1577

blaze1579

traduce1581

misspeak1582

blot1583

abuse1592

wronga1596

infamonize1598

vilify1598

injure?a1600

forspeak1601

libel1602

infamize1605

belibel1606

calumnize1606

besquirt1611

colly1615

scandala1616

bedirt1622

soil1641

disfigurea1643

sycophant1642

spatter1645

sugillate1647

bespattera1652

bedung1655

asperse1656

mischieve1656

opprobriatea1657

reflect1661

dehonestate1663

carbonify1792

defamate1810

mouth1810

foul-mouth1822

lynch1836

rot1890

calumny1895

ding1903

bad-talk1938

norate1938

bad-mouth1941

monster1967

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. aiiii^v To mynisshe, denygrate, or derke his good name or fame.

1656 J. Trapp Comm. Mark i. 24 This he spake, not to honour Christ, but to denigrate him.

1665 R. Boyle Disc. iii. v, in Occas. Refl. sig. D6^v [They] do..so denigrate the Reputation of them that oppose them.

1872 J. Morley Voltaire vii. 334 Napoleon,..paying writers for years to denigrate the memory of Voltaire, whose very name he abhorred.

1889 E. H. Plumptre in Antiquary Apr. 146/2 The character he is at such pains to denigrate.

1952 Daily Herald 17 Nov. 4/1 Elements in this country which have always sought to denigrate the work of the United Nations.

1971 Sci. Amer. Sept. 237/2 They attempted to denigrate..our most crucial findings.

†b. To darken mentally, obscure. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > insecure knowledge, uncertainty > render obscure [verb (transitive)]

cloud1548

denigrate1583

befog1601

brangle1608

diffuse1608

bedim1816

obfusticate1834

fuzz1907

1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. Gi These..smells..do rather denigrate, darken and obscure the spirit and sences.

Derivatives

ˈdenigrated adj.

ΚΠ

1857 J. Raine Mem. J. Hodgson I. 89 (note) The..smoke of pits and manufactories, with..a..dash of denigrated fog from the river.

ˈdenigrating adj.

ΚΠ

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica vi. xii. 336 The fuliginous and denigrating humor.

1849 N. Wiseman Ess. (1853) III. 603 How the north wind should always drive a down-draught, with its denigrating consequences, into the drawing-room.

deniˈgratory adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > disparagement or depreciation > [adjective]

detractive1490

detracting1530

derogatory1570

reproachful1574

detractory1585

disadvantageous1620

detractious1626

derogatingc1629

undervaluing1639

disparaging1645

derogative1646

diminutive1662

diminishing1675

vilipendinga1722

belittling1793

depreciatory1805

vilipensive1824

depreciating1837

detractatory1860

vilipenditory1884

depreciant1885

slurring1892

hatemongering1926

denigratory1955

marginalizing1977

1955 Times 9 May 3/4 A revival of Shakespeare's Richard III, certainly the play most denigratory to the King.

1967 Coast to Coast 1965–6 179 Here Miss Silver-and-Green made an insulting shrug of great beauty, and an exquisite denigratory hand movement.

1969 Daily Tel. 13 Nov. 8/3 This book..is provocative and controversial..and, intentionally or not, is denigratory.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	denigrate
释义	denigratev. /ˈdɛnɪɡreɪt/ Etymology: < participial stem of Latin dēnigrāre to blacken, < de- prefix 1c + nigrāre to blacken, < niger, nigr-, black; compare French dénigrer (14th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter). Apparently disused in 18th cent., and revived in 19th cent. 1. transitive. To blacken, make black or dark. literal. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > making or becoming black > make black [verb (transitive)] blackc1350 blecka1382 blacken?a1425 bletch1570 bepitch1574 blatch1587 becollier1599 sable1610 bleach1611 bleak1611 sableize1611 denigrate1623 nigrify1656 ebonize1880 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Denigrate, to make blacke. 1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Physical Inst. v, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. Cc3 This Lotion will denigrate the hairs of hoary heads. 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 231 Drunkenness..denigrates the Colour of the Body. 1857 [see denigrated adj. at Derivatives]. 2. figurative. a. To blacken, sully, or stain (character or reputation); to blacken the reputation of (a person, etc.); to defame. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > slander or calumny > slander or calumniate [verb (transitive)] to say or speak shame of, on, byc950 teleeOE sayOE to speak evil (Old English be) ofc1000 belie?c1225 betell?c1225 missayc1225 skandera1300 disclanderc1300 wrenchc1300 bewrayc1330 bite1330 gothele1340 slanderc1340 deprave1362 hinderc1375 backbite1382 blasphemec1386 afamec1390 fame1393 to blow up?a1400 defamea1400 noise1425 to say well (also evil, ill, etc.) of (also by)1445 malignc1450 to speak villainy of1470 infame1483 injury1484 painta1522 malicea1526 denigrate1526 disfamea1533 misreporta1535 sugill?1539 dishonest?c1550 calumniate1554 scandalize1566 ill1577 blaze1579 traduce1581 misspeak1582 blot1583 abuse1592 wronga1596 infamonize1598 vilify1598 injure?a1600 forspeak1601 libel1602 infamize1605 belibel1606 calumnize1606 besquirt1611 colly1615 scandala1616 bedirt1622 soil1641 disfigurea1643 sycophant1642 spatter1645 sugillate1647 bespattera1652 bedung1655 asperse1656 mischieve1656 opprobriatea1657 reflect1661 dehonestate1663 carbonify1792 defamate1810 mouth1810 foul-mouth1822 lynch1836 rot1890 calumny1895 ding1903 bad-talk1938 norate1938 bad-mouth1941 monster1967 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. aiiii^v To mynisshe, denygrate, or derke his good name or fame. 1656 J. Trapp Comm. Mark i. 24 This he spake, not to honour Christ, but to denigrate him. 1665 R. Boyle Disc. iii. v, in Occas. Refl. sig. D6^v [They] do..so denigrate the Reputation of them that oppose them. 1872 J. Morley Voltaire vii. 334 Napoleon,..paying writers for years to denigrate the memory of Voltaire, whose very name he abhorred. 1889 E. H. Plumptre in Antiquary Apr. 146/2 The character he is at such pains to denigrate. 1952 Daily Herald 17 Nov. 4/1 Elements in this country which have always sought to denigrate the work of the United Nations. 1971 Sci. Amer. Sept. 237/2 They attempted to denigrate..our most crucial findings. †b. To darken mentally, obscure. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > insecure knowledge, uncertainty > render obscure [verb (transitive)] cloud1548 denigrate1583 befog1601 brangle1608 diffuse1608 bedim1816 obfusticate1834 fuzz1907 1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. Gi These..smells..do rather denigrate, darken and obscure the spirit and sences. Derivatives ˈdenigrated adj. ΚΠ 1857 J. Raine Mem. J. Hodgson I. 89 (note) The..smoke of pits and manufactories, with..a..dash of denigrated fog from the river. ˈdenigrating adj. ΚΠ 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica vi. xii. 336 The fuliginous and denigrating humor. View more context for this quotation 1849 N. Wiseman Ess. (1853) III. 603 How the north wind should always drive a down-draught, with its denigrating consequences, into the drawing-room. deniˈgratory adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > disparagement or depreciation > [adjective] detractive1490 detracting1530 derogatory1570 reproachful1574 detractory1585 disadvantageous1620 detractious1626 derogatingc1629 undervaluing1639 disparaging1645 derogative1646 diminutive1662 diminishing1675 vilipendinga1722 belittling1793 depreciatory1805 vilipensive1824 depreciating1837 detractatory1860 vilipenditory1884 depreciant1885 slurring1892 hatemongering1926 denigratory1955 marginalizing1977 1955 Times 9 May 3/4 A revival of Shakespeare's Richard III, certainly the play most denigratory to the King. 1967 Coast to Coast 1965–6 179 Here Miss Silver-and-Green made an insulting shrug of great beauty, and an exquisite denigratory hand movement. 1969 Daily Tel. 13 Nov. 8/3 This book..is provocative and controversial..and, intentionally or not, is denigratory. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < v.1526
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