dene-holen.

/ˈdiːnhəʊl/

/ˈdeɪnhəʊl/

Forms: Also 1700s–1800s Dane-hole, 1800s Danes' hole.

Etymology: apparently from the national name Dane , Danes , Middle English Dene , Old English Dęne + hole n.There is no doubt that this is popularly and traditionally the local interpretation of the name: see the first quot. In various parts of the country, e.g. the county of Durham, other ancient caves and excavations are attributed to the Danes, and called Danes' holes or Dane-holes . It is not quite certain that dene-hole is a genuine popular form anywhere; but if so, it may possibly represent a Middle English Dene-hol(e < Old English Dena-hol , Danes' hole (compare Old English Dena-lagu , Middle English Dene-lawe , modern Danes' law , Danelaw ), or it may be merely a local pronunciation. But it has suggested to recent writers connection with dean n.² (also spelt dene ), or with den n.¹ (which is phonetically impossible); and either on this account, or because it does not countenance any theory about the Danes, it has been generally adopted by the archæologists who have investigated these holes since c1880. Some have shortened the name dene-hole into dene, conformably to their erroneous conjectures as to its connection with dene and den.

The name applied to a class of ancient excavations, found chiefly in Essex and Kent in England, and in the Valley of the Somme in France, consisting of a narrow cylindrical shaft sunk through the superincumbent strata to the chalk, often at a depth of 60 or 80 feet, and there widening out horizontally into one or more chambers. Their age and purpose have been the theme of much discussion.They are mentioned (but not named) by Lambarde 1570, by Camden 1605 as putei, in Plot's Oxfordshire, 1705, as ‘the Gold-mine of Cunobeline, in Essex’, and described in a letter from Derham to Ray 17 Feb. 1706. For later history see Mr. Spurrell's paper cited below, and Trans. Essex Field Club, 1883 III. 48, Jrnl. xxviii, lvi.

ΘΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > excavation

pot1431

undermine1524

grave1526

digginga1552

undermining1572

groin1587

underbeiting1670

dene-hole1768

1768 P. Morant Hist. Essex I. 228 [The Dane-holes at Grays] The Danes are vulgarly reported to have used them as receptacles or hiding-places for the plunder and booty which they took from the adjoining inhabitants during their frequent piracies and descents upon this island, and hence they have been styled Dane or Dene holes.

1818 Cambrian Reg. 3 31 The controversy relative to the original intention of the Deneholes.

1863 Murray's Handbk. Kent & Sussex (ed. 2) 16 They are here called ‘Daneholes’ or ‘Cunobeline's Gold Mines’.

1863 Murray's Handbk. Kent & Sussex (ed. 2) 20 In a chalk-pit near the village of E. Tilbury are numerous excavations called Danes' Holes..Similar excavations..exist in the chalk and tufa on either bank of the Somme..The tradition still asserts that these caverns were used for retreat and concealment in time of war, whence their ordinary name Les souterrains des guerres.

1871 R. Meeson in Palin Stifford & its Neighbourhood 41 The Dane-holes as they are called by the country people.

1881 F. C. J. Spurrell in Archæol. Jrnl. (title) On Deneholes and Artificial Caves with Vertical Entrances.

1883 Trans. Essex Field Club III. Jrnl. 17 June 1882 An account of the Club's first visit to the ‘Denes’ in Hangman's Wood.

1887 T. V. Holmes in Essex Naturalist I. 225 (title) Report on the Denehole Exploration at Hangman's Wood, Grays, 1884–1887.

1891 Proc. Soc. Antiq. 5 Feb. 245 On the discovery of a dene-hole containing Roman remains at Plumstead.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	dene-hole
释义	dene-holen. /ˈdiːnhəʊl//ˈdeɪnhəʊl/ Forms: Also 1700s–1800s Dane-hole, 1800s Danes' hole. Etymology: apparently from the national name Dane , Danes , Middle English Dene , Old English Dęne + hole n.There is no doubt that this is popularly and traditionally the local interpretation of the name: see the first quot. In various parts of the country, e.g. the county of Durham, other ancient caves and excavations are attributed to the Danes, and called Danes' holes or Dane-holes . It is not quite certain that dene-hole is a genuine popular form anywhere; but if so, it may possibly represent a Middle English Dene-hol(e < Old English Dena-hol , Danes' hole (compare Old English Dena-lagu , Middle English Dene-lawe , modern Danes' law , Danelaw ), or it may be merely a local pronunciation. But it has suggested to recent writers connection with dean n.² (also spelt dene ), or with den n.¹ (which is phonetically impossible); and either on this account, or because it does not countenance any theory about the Danes, it has been generally adopted by the archæologists who have investigated these holes since c1880. Some have shortened the name dene-hole into dene, conformably to their erroneous conjectures as to its connection with dene and den. The name applied to a class of ancient excavations, found chiefly in Essex and Kent in England, and in the Valley of the Somme in France, consisting of a narrow cylindrical shaft sunk through the superincumbent strata to the chalk, often at a depth of 60 or 80 feet, and there widening out horizontally into one or more chambers. Their age and purpose have been the theme of much discussion.They are mentioned (but not named) by Lambarde 1570, by Camden 1605 as putei, in Plot's Oxfordshire, 1705, as ‘the Gold-mine of Cunobeline, in Essex’, and described in a letter from Derham to Ray 17 Feb. 1706. For later history see Mr. Spurrell's paper cited below, and Trans. Essex Field Club, 1883 III. 48, Jrnl. xxviii, lvi. ΘΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > excavation pot1431 undermine1524 grave1526 digginga1552 undermining1572 groin1587 underbeiting1670 dene-hole1768 1768 P. Morant Hist. Essex I. 228 [The Dane-holes at Grays] The Danes are vulgarly reported to have used them as receptacles or hiding-places for the plunder and booty which they took from the adjoining inhabitants during their frequent piracies and descents upon this island, and hence they have been styled Dane or Dene holes. 1818 Cambrian Reg. 3 31 The controversy relative to the original intention of the Deneholes. 1863 Murray's Handbk. Kent & Sussex (ed. 2) 16 They are here called ‘Daneholes’ or ‘Cunobeline's Gold Mines’. 1863 Murray's Handbk. Kent & Sussex (ed. 2) 20 In a chalk-pit near the village of E. Tilbury are numerous excavations called Danes' Holes..Similar excavations..exist in the chalk and tufa on either bank of the Somme..The tradition still asserts that these caverns were used for retreat and concealment in time of war, whence their ordinary name Les souterrains des guerres. 1871 R. Meeson in Palin Stifford & its Neighbourhood 41 The Dane-holes as they are called by the country people. 1881 F. C. J. Spurrell in Archæol. Jrnl. (title) On Deneholes and Artificial Caves with Vertical Entrances. 1883 Trans. Essex Field Club III. Jrnl. 17 June 1882 An account of the Club's first visit to the ‘Denes’ in Hangman's Wood. 1887 T. V. Holmes in Essex Naturalist I. 225 (title) Report on the Denehole Exploration at Hangman's Wood, Grays, 1884–1887. 1891 Proc. Soc. Antiq. 5 Feb. 245 On the discovery of a dene-hole containing Roman remains at Plumstead. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1768
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