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单词 detract
释义

detractn.

Etymology: < Latin dētractus a taking away, < dētrahĕre : see detract v.
Obsolete. rare.
Protraction, delay: cf. detract v. 6.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > [noun]
longingeOE
bideOE
abodec1225
bodea1300
demura1300
dwella1300
litinga1300
delayc1300
delayingc1300
demurrancec1300
but honec1325
without ensoignec1325
abidec1330
dretchingc1330
dwellingc1330
essoinc1330
tarrying1340
litea1350
delaymenta1393
respitea1393
oversettinga1398
delayancea1400
delitea1400
lingeringa1400
stounding?a1400
sunyiea1400
targea1400
train?a1400
deferring14..
dilation14..
dayc1405
prolongingc1425
spacec1430
adjourningc1436
retardationc1437
prolongation?a1439
training1440
adjournment1445
sleuthingc1450
tarry1451
tarriance1460
prorogation1476
oversetc1485
tarriage1488
debaid1489
supersedement1492
superseding1494
off-putting1496
postponing1496
tract1503
dilating1509
sparinga1513
hafting1519
sufferance1523
tracking1524
sticking1525
stay1530
pause1532
protraction1535
tracting1535
protract of time1536
protracting1540
postposition1546
staying1546
procrastination1548
difference1559
surceasing1560
tardation1568
detract1570
detracting1572
tarryment1575
rejourning1578
detraction1579
longness1579
rejournment1579
holding1581
reprieving1583
cunctation1585
retarding1585
retardance1586
temporizing1587
by and by1591
suspensea1592
procrastinatinga1594
tardance1595
linger1597
forslacking1600
morrowing1602
recess1603
deferment1612
attendance1614
put-off1623
adjournal1627
fristing1637
hanging-up1638
retardment1640
dilatoriness1642
suspension1645
stickagea1647
tardidation1647
transtemporation1651
demurragea1656
prolatation1656
prolation1656
moration1658
perendination1658
offput1730
retardure1751
postponement1757
retard1781
traverse1799
tarrowing1832
mañana1845
temporization1888
procrastinativeness1893
deferral1895
traa dy liooar1897
stalling1927
heel-tapping1949
off-put1970
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 480/1 Without delaye and other detract of tyme.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

detractadj.

Etymology: < Latin dētractus, past participle of dētrahĕre to draw off or away: see detract v.
Obsolete.
Extracted, taken out.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > [adjective] > extracted
detractc1420
extract?1521
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. xii. 171 The bonys Detracte of Duracyne.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

detractv.

/dɪˈtrakt/
Forms: Also 1500s Scottish detrack.
Etymology: < Latin dētract- participial stem of dētrahĕre to draw off or away, take away, pull down, disparage, etc., < de- prefix 1b + trahĕre to draw. Compare French détracter (1530 in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter). In some senses apparently directly representing Latin dētractāre or dētrectāre, to decline, refuse, pull down violently, depreciate, frequentative of dētrahĕre. (The chronological order of the senses in English is not that of their original development; sense 3 being the earliest).
I. To take away, take from, take reputation from.
1. transitive. To take away, withdraw, subtract, deduct, abate:
a. some part from (rarely † to) a whole. (Now usually with a quantitative object, as much, something, etc.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > deduction > deduct [verb (transitive)]
abatec1400
rebate1425
batec1440
minishc1483
diminish?1504
detract1509
detray1509
deduct1524
defalkc1540
defalcate1541
subtray1549
derogate1561
discount1561
deduce?1566
substract1592
to strike off1597
reduct1600
subtract1610
subduct1716
to knock off1811
dock1891
shave1961
minus1963
1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. xiiv Some tyme addynge, somtyme detractinge and takinge away suche thinges a[s] semeth me necessary and superflue.
?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) ii. xxiii. sig. P ij v Then 36 detracted from 48 leueth 12.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) v. vi. 142 Shall I..Detract so much from that prerogatiue, As to be call'd but Viceroy? View more context for this quotation
1622 S. Ward Christ All in All (1627) 25 All defects detract nothing to the happiness of him that [etc.].
a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) iv. iv. 326 To which there can be nothing added, nor detracted, without a blemish.
1705 E. Scarburgh tr. Euclid in Eng. Euclide 207 Let the magnitude AB be equimultiple of CD, as the part detracted [Gk. ἀϕαιρεθὲν] AE is of the part detracted CF.
1870 B. Disraeli Lothair (new ed.) lxix That first great grief which..detracts something from the buoyancy of the youngest life.
b. something from a possessor, etc. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1607 R. Parker Scholasticall Disc. against Antichrist i. ii. 97 They vilifie it and detract much authoritie from it.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 13. ⁋1 A Lady takes all you detract from the rest of her Sex to be a Gift to her.
1710 H. Prideaux Orig. & Right Tithes i. 17 We rob him, whenever we detract from his Ministers any part of that Maintenance.
2.
a. absol. or intransitive. To take away a portion. Usually to detract from: to take away from, diminish, lessen (a quality, value, authority, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > deduction > deduct [verb (intransitive)]
subtray?c1425
abatec1467
detracta1592
substract1637
debate1658
subtract1682
the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > deduction > deduct [verb (transitive)] > detract from
takec1475
diminish?1504
derogate1556
to take off1639
to detract from1699
a1592 H. Smith Wks. (1866–7) I. 65 To the testament of him that is dead, no man addeth or detracteth.
1699 Bp. G. Burnet Expos. 39 Articles (1700) vi. 89 This may be urged to detract from its Authority.
1799 H. T. Colebrooke in T. E. Colebrooke Life H. Colebrooke (1873) 446 The sight..detracted from the pleasure with which the landscape might be viewed.
1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 101 These circumstances detract from the weight of the decision.
1863 D. G. Mitchell My Farm of Edgewood 47 This alteration was of so old a date as not to detract from the venerable air of the house.
b. Connoting depreciation: cf. 3c.
ΚΠ
1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie iii. viii. 143 To detract from the dignitie thereof, were to iniurie euen God himselfe.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 212 Our late Historiographers..detracting from his worthie praises.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 5 Without detracting..from the real merit which abounds in the imperial law, I hope I may have leave to assert [etc.].
1882 B. D. W. Ramsay Recoll. Mil. Serv. I. viii. 172 There were always some ready to detract from his fair fame.
c. quasi-transitive (in loose const.) Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)]
littleeOE
anitherOE
wanzelOE
lessc1225
slakea1300
littenc1300
aslakec1314
adminisha1325
allayc1330
settle1338
low1340
minisha1382
reprovea1382
abatea1398
rebatea1398
subtlea1398
alaskia1400
forlyten?a1400
imminish14..
lessenc1410
diminish1417
repress?a1425
assuagec1430
scarcec1440
small1440
underslakec1440
alessa1450
debate?c1450
batec1460
decreasec1470
appetisse1474
alow1494
mince1499
perswage?1504
remita1513
inless?1521
attenuate1530
weaken1530
defray1532
mitigate1532
minorate1534
narrow?1548
diminuec1550
extenuate1555
amain1578
exolve1578
base1581
dejecta1586
amoinder1588
faint1598
qualify1604
contract1605
to pull down1607
shrivel1609
to take down1610
disaugment1611
impoverish1611
shrink1628
decoct1629
persway1631
unflame1635
straiten1645
depress1647
reduce1649
detract1654
minuate1657
alloy1661
lower?1662
sinka1684
retreat1690
nip1785
to drive down1840
minify1866
to knock down1867
to damp down1869
scale1887
mute1891
clip1938
to roll back1942
to cut back1943
downscale1945
downrate1958
slim1963
downshift1972
1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 452 In Revenge he would have Detracted, and lessen'd his Territories.
1785 T. Jefferson Corr. in Wks. (1859) I. 417 To detract, add to, or alter them as you please.
3.
a. transitive. To take away from the reputation or estimation of, to disparage, depreciate, belittle, traduce, speak evil of. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > disparagement or depreciation > disparage or depreciate [verb (transitive)]
littleeOE
low1340
dispraisec1386
minish1402
deroge1427
detractc1449
descryc1450
detrayc1475
dismerit1484
decline1509
vilipend1509
disprize?1518
disable1528
derogatea1530
elevate1541
disparagea1556
detrect1563
debase1565
demerit1576
vilify1586
disgrace1589
detracta1592
besparage1592
enervate1593
obtrect1595
extenuate1601
disvalue1605
disparagon1610
undervalue1611
avile1615
debaucha1616
to cry down1616
debate1622
decry1641
atomize1645
underrate1646
naucify1653
dedignify1654
stuprate1655
de-ample1657
dismagn1657
slur1660
voguec1661
depreciate1666
to run down1671
baffle1674
lacken1674
sneer1706
diminish1712
substract1728
down1780
belittle1789
carbonify1792
to speak scorn of1861
to give one a back-cap1903
minoritize1947
mauvais langue1952
rubbish1953
down-talk1959
marginalize1970
marginate1970
trash1975
neg1987
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 417 Thei bacbiten and detracten the clergie.
1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay 91 Lat wsz forgiff thayme quhilk detrackis and spekis euil of wsz.
1605 B. Jonson Sejanus i. i. 169 To..detract His greatest Actions. View more context for this quotation
1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. iv. ii. 265 Cato..detracted Pompey, and found fault with his actions.
1632 P. Massinger & N. Field Fatall Dowry i. sig. C4v Such as may Detract my actions, and life hereafter.
1890 [see detracted adj. at Derivatives].
1891 Smiles Jasmin vii. 93 Jasmin, like every person envied or perhaps detracted, had his hours of depression.
b. absol. To speak disparagingly; to use or practise detraction. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > disparagement or depreciation > speak disparagingly [verb (intransitive)]
diminue1382
misspeaka1393
detract1605
depreciate1666
1605 Bp. J. Hall Medit. & Vowes I. §7 So would there not be so many open mouthes to detract and slaunder.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. ii. 92 To vtter foule speeches, and to detract.
a1816 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal (rev. ed.) Portrait in Wks. (1821) II. 3 Adepts..who rail by precept, and detract by rule.
c. intransitive with from (†of).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > disparagement or depreciation > disparage or depreciate [verb (transitive)]
littleeOE
low1340
dispraisec1386
minish1402
deroge1427
detractc1449
descryc1450
detrayc1475
dismerit1484
decline1509
vilipend1509
disprize?1518
disable1528
derogatea1530
elevate1541
disparagea1556
detrect1563
debase1565
demerit1576
vilify1586
disgrace1589
detracta1592
besparage1592
enervate1593
obtrect1595
extenuate1601
disvalue1605
disparagon1610
undervalue1611
avile1615
debaucha1616
to cry down1616
debate1622
decry1641
atomize1645
underrate1646
naucify1653
dedignify1654
stuprate1655
de-ample1657
dismagn1657
slur1660
voguec1661
depreciate1666
to run down1671
baffle1674
lacken1674
sneer1706
diminish1712
substract1728
down1780
belittle1789
carbonify1792
to speak scorn of1861
to give one a back-cap1903
minoritize1947
mauvais langue1952
rubbish1953
down-talk1959
marginalize1970
marginate1970
trash1975
neg1987
a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. D3v Darst thou detract and derogat from him.
1609 Bible (Douay) I. Num. xiii. 33 They detracted from the Land, which they had viewed.
1683 D. A. Whole Art Converse 106 They detract generally of all Mankind.
II. To draw away, off, out.
4. transitive. To draw away or aside, withdraw, divert (from an action or undertaking); reflexive and intransitive. To withdraw, refrain. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from action [verb (intransitive)]
to let bec1000
fastOE
withdraw1297
letc1374
forbearc1375
abstaina1382
sparec1386
respitea1393
to let alonea1400
refraina1402
supersede1449
deport1477
to hold one's handa1500
spare1508
surcease1542
detract1548
to hold back1576
hold1589
to stand by1590
to hold up1596
suspend1598
stickle1684
to hold off1861
to bottle it1988
the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > lack of concentration, distraction > distract [verb (transitive)] > from a purpose, etc.
withdraw1340
distractc1380
waive1390
wresta1400
to turn aside1535
avocate1543
detract1548
to turn off1573
take1574
swaya1593
to put out1616
to put off1631
sidetrack1887
to turn off1951
the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from action [verb (reflexive)]
withholdc1200
withdrawc1290
defendc1350
abstainc1380
holda1400
deport1477
forbear1535
check1581
detract1637
1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. sig. G.v My lord Marshall..whoom no daunger detracted from dooing his enterprise.
1637 G. Gillespie Dispute against Eng.-Popish Ceremonies Epist. sig. C There are too many Professours who detract themselves from undergoing lesser hazards for the Churches liberty.
1643 H. Slingsby Diary (1836) 104 Long experience hath taught their General wisely to detract from fighting.
1802 Hatred I. 211 [To] detract their attention from every thing foreign.
5. To draw or pull off. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > uncover or remove covering from [verb (transitive)] > strip or make bare > strip by scraping > a covering
scrapea1382
scratc1500
detract1607
scrabble1808
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 628 The skins of Sheep..when the wool is detracted and pulled off from them.
6.
a. To draw out, lengthen in duration, protract, delay; usually in to detract time. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > have duration [verb (transitive)] > cause to endure, sustain, or prolong
lengOE
drawOE
teec1200
forlengtha1300
lengtha1300
drivec1300
tarryc1320
proloynec1350
continuec1380
to draw alonga1382
longa1382
dretch1393
conservea1398
to draw (out) in, into, at, or on lengtha1400
prorogue1419
prolongc1425
aroomc1440
prorogate?a1475
protend?a1475
dilate1489
forlong1496
relong1523
to draw out1542
sustentate1542
linger1543
defer1546
pertract1548
propagate1548
protract1548
linger1550
lengthen1555
train1556
detract?a1562
to make forth (long, longer)1565
stretch1568
extend1574
extenuate1583
dree1584
wire-draw1598
to spin out1603
trail1604
disabridge1605
produce1605
continuate1611
out-length1617
spin1629
to eke out1641
producta1670
prolongate1671
drawl1694
drag1697
perennate1698
string1867
perennialize1898
?a1562 G. Cavendish Life Wolsey (1959) 110 I would not have you to detract the time, for hee is very sicke.
1569 Sir J. Hawkins in Hawkins' Voy. (1878) 73 To detract further time.
1579 T. Churchyard Gen. Rehearsall Warres sig. Ijv The Frenche horsemen..offered a skirmishe to detracte tyme.
1604 C. Edmondes Observ. Cæsars Comm. II. vii. vii. 59 To linger and detract the war.
1605 Play Stucley in R. Simpson School of Shakspere (1878) 188 Some let or other to detract our haste.
b. absol. or intransitive. To delay. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (intransitive)]
geleOE
studegieOE
abideOE
to do in or a (= on) fristc1175
dwellc1175
demurc1230
targec1250
dretcha1325
tarrya1375
sojourn1377
defer1382
letc1385
hinderc1386
blina1400
delay?a1400
honea1400
litea1400
overbidea1400
prolongc1425
supersede1433
hoverc1440
tarrowc1480
sunyie1488
stay?a1500
sleep1519
slack1530
protract1540
linger1548
procrastinate1548
slackc1560
slug1565
jauk1568
temporize1579
detract1584
longering1587
sit1591
prorogue1593
to time it out1613
to lie out1640
crastinate1656
taigle17..
to hang fire1782
to hold off1790
to hang it on1819
prevaricate1854
to lie over1856
to tread water1942
to drag one's feet1946
1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel Hist. Cambria 333 Willing the Prince to come thither, and doo him homage, which when the Prince detracted to doo, the king gathered an army to compell him thereto.
a1592 R. Greene Sc. Hist. Iames IV (1598) i. sig. B3v My zeale and ruth..Makes me lament, I did detract so long.
III. = detrect v.
7. transitive. To draw back from, decline, refuse, shun; to give up, relinguish, abandon. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)]
warnc897
willeOE
forbidc1000
warnc1000
willOE
asake1250
withsay1297
gainsayc1330
recusea1387
naitc1390
to say naya1393
again-say?a1400
denyc1400
withnayc1400
biwern1413
refuse?1435
resist1539
detrect1542
renege1545
detract1572
waive1642
declinea1691
nay-say1762
nay-saya1774
nix1903
off1908
ixnay1937
1572 [implied in: J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 83v Fabius..so tempered Prudence with..prowesse, that by detracting of battayle, and trayning Anniball from place to place, and..skirmishing with hym, he minished hys puissaunce. (at detracting n.)].
1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 806/2 The English men..mynding not to detract the battel, sharply encounter their enimies.
1589 J. Jane in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 779 The wind comming faire the Captaine & the master would by no meanes detract the purpose of our discouery.
1595 W. S. Lamentable Trag. Locrine iii. iv And if Thrasimachus detract the fight..Let him not boast that Brutus was his eam.
1600 Abp. G. Abbot Expos. Prophet Ionah 634 Ionas detracting his Masters businesse.
1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 25 Neither held he off, and detracted fight.

Derivatives

deˈtracted adj. (see the various senses above); also as n. a calumniated person.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > slander or calumny > [noun] > calumniated person
defamed1549
slandered1819
detracted1890
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Detracted, detractus, rosus, suggillatus.
1890 S. J. Duncan Social Departure 289 The detracted's enemies follow him.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online September 2021).
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n.1570adj.c1420v.c1449
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