demosn.

Brit.

/ˈdiːmɒs/, U.S.

/ˈdiˌmɑs/,

/ˈdiˌmɔs/

Inflections: Plural demoi.

Forms: 1700s demi (plural), 1700s– demoi (plural), 1700s– demos, 1800s dêmos, 1800s– demus. Also with capital initial.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin dēmos; Greek δῆμος.

Etymology: < (i) classical Latin dēmos people, community, (in ancient Attica) administrative district, and its etymon (ii) ancient Greek δῆμος district, people, common people, (in ancient Attica) administrative district, further etymology uncertain, perhaps < the same Indo-European base as Early Irish dám troop, retinue, Old Welsh dauu dependant (male) ally by marriage (Welsh dawf , daw son in law, member of a retinue), although these have alternatively been connected with post-classical Latin domus house (see domus n.). Compare deme n.²In plural form demoi after the Greek plural form.

1. Originally (Ancient Greek History): each of the subdivisions or municipalities of ancient Attica. Later also: each of the municipalities constituting a level of local government in modern Greece. Cf. deme n.² 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > in ancient Greece

demos1762

deme1833

obe1835

naucrary1836

ethnos1910

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town > [noun] > borough > in ancient Greece or Rome

township1602

borougha1747

demos1762

deme1833

1762 J. Stuart Antiq. Athens I. p. x It stands on a situation now called Daphne, and is perhaps built out of the ruins of the ancient Aphidna, an Attic Demos, or Town, of the Leontine Tribe.

1776 R. Chandler Trav. Greece v. 19 A demos or borough-town.

1776 R. Chandler Trav. Greece viii. 36 Hipparchus..erected them in the demi or borough-towns.

1833 Elgin & Phigaleian Marbles II. 89 Stuart..thought the sculptor might have intended by this statue to personify Deceleia, the demos or town of the Choragus who dedicated the building.

1859 N. W. Senior Jrnl. Turkey & Greece 281 We have a law by which the inhabitants of a demos are responsible if they harbour brigands. But our demoi are so large in proportion to their population, that this law is often unexecuted.

1965 W. K. Pritchett Stud. Anc. Greek Topography V. 35 Petrides, a schoolmaster at Thouria, referred to the province, or eparchy, which included western Taygetos and Thouria as the ‘Demos of Ampheia’.

1997 K. R. Legg & J. M. Roberts Mod. Greece vii. 126 Places with populations of 10,000 or above are classified as municipalities, or demoi.

1999 S. B. Pomeroy Anc. Greece 160 It is likely that by 900 bc, if not earlier, the basileus of Athens was the paramount basileus of the regional demos of Attica.

2. The common people of an ancient Greek state or (by extension) any state or polity, esp. a democratic one; (later also) the populace of a democratic state, regarded as the source of political power or legitimacy; the people. Cf. people n. 3a, 3c.

a. personified. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1797 L. Hopkins Guillotina in Connecticut Courant 1 Jan. And yet so wise, is mortal man, Our Demos chuckled at the plan; They tho't, besure, if France should thunder, The whole creation would knock under. Ah silly Demos! who can teach Heads that experience cannot reach!

1859 Solicitors' Jrnl. & Reporter 5 Feb. 253/1 It was now proposed that the powers of Demos should be considerably increased.

1886 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall Sixty Years After 14 Celtic Demos rose a Demon, shriek'd and slaked the light with blood.

1898 Daily News 30 Sept. 4/6 In France also Demos is King.

1963 C. L. R. James Beyond Boundary xiv. 183 There he is safe until the whole crumbling edifice of obeisance before Mammon, contempt for Demos and categorizing intellectualism finally falls apart.

b. With singular or plural agreement. As a collective noun, with a, the, or other determiner.In early use, frequently with capital initial, retaining some element of personification.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > [noun]

folkc888

peoplea1325

frapec1330

commona1350

common peoplea1382

commonsa1382

commontya1387

communityc1400

meiniec1400

commonaltya1425

commonsa1500

vulgarsa1513

many1526

meinie1532

multitude1535

the many-headed beast (also monster)1537

number1542

ignobility1546

commonitya1550

popular1554

populace1572

popularya1578

vulgarity?1577

populacya1583

rout1589

the vulgar1590

plebs1591

mobile vulgusc1599

popularity1599

ignoble1603

the million1604

plebe1612

plebeity1614

the common filea1616

the herda1616

civils1644

commonality1649

democracy1656

menu1658

mobile1676

crowd1683

vulgusa1687

mob1691

Pimlico parliament?1774

citizenry1795

polloi1803

demos1831

many-headed1836

hoi polloi1837

the masses1837

citizenhood1843

John Q.1922

wimble-wamble1937

1831 Westm. Rev. Jan. 245 The aristocracy have had their long and disastrous day; it is now the time of the Demos.

1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece IV. ii. xxxvi. 506 The self-acting Dêmos assembled in the Pnyx.

1908 G. K. Chesterton All Things Considered 179 All the old despots were demagogues..whenever they were really trying to please or impress the demos.

1931 Classical Q. 25 130/2 (note) If that were so, I would have to date as early as 600 those precautions against a power-hungry Demos which I think in fact were first taken about 450.

1949 K. M. T. Chrimes Anc. Sparta 438 The explanation given by the British Museum editors, that the young male head here represents the Demos of Rome, is understandable in view of the inscription.

1977 Times Lit. Suppl. 15 Apr. 459/4 ‘Christian Socialism’ had its most successful appeal among the well-to-do..,not down among the suffering demos.

1992 A. Watson in J. Baylis & N. J. Rengger Dilemmas World Politics vi. 169 Where the people, the demos, is the ultimate sovereign rather than a ruler, it is a necessary function of diplomacy to persuade that sovereign.

2011 Independent on Sunday 23 Jan. (New Review) 7/1 You can't have a thriving democracy without an educated demos, it just doesn't work.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	demos
释义	demosn. Brit. /ˈdiːmɒs/, U.S. /ˈdiˌmɑs/, /ˈdiˌmɔs/ Inflections: Plural demoi. Forms: 1700s demi (plural), 1700s– demoi (plural), 1700s– demos, 1800s dêmos, 1800s– demus. Also with capital initial. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin dēmos; Greek δῆμος. Etymology: < (i) classical Latin dēmos people, community, (in ancient Attica) administrative district, and its etymon (ii) ancient Greek δῆμος district, people, common people, (in ancient Attica) administrative district, further etymology uncertain, perhaps < the same Indo-European base as Early Irish dám troop, retinue, Old Welsh dauu dependant (male) ally by marriage (Welsh dawf , daw son in law, member of a retinue), although these have alternatively been connected with post-classical Latin domus house (see domus n.). Compare deme n.²In plural form demoi after the Greek plural form. 1. Originally (Ancient Greek History): each of the subdivisions or municipalities of ancient Attica. Later also: each of the municipalities constituting a level of local government in modern Greece. Cf. deme n.² 1. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > in ancient Greece demos1762 deme1833 obe1835 naucrary1836 ethnos1910 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town > [noun] > borough > in ancient Greece or Rome township1602 borougha1747 demos1762 deme1833 1762 J. Stuart Antiq. Athens I. p. x It stands on a situation now called Daphne, and is perhaps built out of the ruins of the ancient Aphidna, an Attic Demos, or Town, of the Leontine Tribe. 1776 R. Chandler Trav. Greece v. 19 A demos or borough-town. 1776 R. Chandler Trav. Greece viii. 36 Hipparchus..erected them in the demi or borough-towns. 1833 Elgin & Phigaleian Marbles II. 89 Stuart..thought the sculptor might have intended by this statue to personify Deceleia, the demos or town of the Choragus who dedicated the building. 1859 N. W. Senior Jrnl. Turkey & Greece 281 We have a law by which the inhabitants of a demos are responsible if they harbour brigands. But our demoi are so large in proportion to their population, that this law is often unexecuted. 1965 W. K. Pritchett Stud. Anc. Greek Topography V. 35 Petrides, a schoolmaster at Thouria, referred to the province, or eparchy, which included western Taygetos and Thouria as the ‘Demos of Ampheia’. 1997 K. R. Legg & J. M. Roberts Mod. Greece vii. 126 Places with populations of 10,000 or above are classified as municipalities, or demoi. 1999 S. B. Pomeroy Anc. Greece 160 It is likely that by 900 bc, if not earlier, the basileus of Athens was the paramount basileus of the regional demos of Attica. 2. The common people of an ancient Greek state or (by extension) any state or polity, esp. a democratic one; (later also) the populace of a democratic state, regarded as the source of political power or legitimacy; the people. Cf. people n. 3a, 3c. a. personified. Now rare. ΚΠ 1797 L. Hopkins Guillotina in Connecticut Courant 1 Jan. And yet so wise, is mortal man, Our Demos chuckled at the plan; They tho't, besure, if France should thunder, The whole creation would knock under. Ah silly Demos! who can teach Heads that experience cannot reach! 1859 Solicitors' Jrnl. & Reporter 5 Feb. 253/1 It was now proposed that the powers of Demos should be considerably increased. 1886 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall Sixty Years After 14 Celtic Demos rose a Demon, shriek'd and slaked the light with blood. 1898 Daily News 30 Sept. 4/6 In France also Demos is King. 1963 C. L. R. James Beyond Boundary xiv. 183 There he is safe until the whole crumbling edifice of obeisance before Mammon, contempt for Demos and categorizing intellectualism finally falls apart. b. With singular or plural agreement. As a collective noun, with a, the, or other determiner.In early use, frequently with capital initial, retaining some element of personification. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > [noun] folkc888 peoplea1325 frapec1330 commona1350 common peoplea1382 commonsa1382 commontya1387 communityc1400 meiniec1400 commonaltya1425 commonsa1500 vulgarsa1513 many1526 meinie1532 multitude1535 the many-headed beast (also monster)1537 number1542 ignobility1546 commonitya1550 popular1554 populace1572 popularya1578 vulgarity?1577 populacya1583 rout1589 the vulgar1590 plebs1591 mobile vulgusc1599 popularity1599 ignoble1603 the million1604 plebe1612 plebeity1614 the common filea1616 the herda1616 civils1644 commonality1649 democracy1656 menu1658 mobile1676 crowd1683 vulgusa1687 mob1691 Pimlico parliament?1774 citizenry1795 polloi1803 demos1831 many-headed1836 hoi polloi1837 the masses1837 citizenhood1843 John Q.1922 wimble-wamble1937 1831 Westm. Rev. Jan. 245 The aristocracy have had their long and disastrous day; it is now the time of the Demos. 1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece IV. ii. xxxvi. 506 The self-acting Dêmos assembled in the Pnyx. 1908 G. K. Chesterton All Things Considered 179 All the old despots were demagogues..whenever they were really trying to please or impress the demos. 1931 Classical Q. 25 130/2 (note) If that were so, I would have to date as early as 600 those precautions against a power-hungry Demos which I think in fact were first taken about 450. 1949 K. M. T. Chrimes Anc. Sparta 438 The explanation given by the British Museum editors, that the young male head here represents the Demos of Rome, is understandable in view of the inscription. 1977 Times Lit. Suppl. 15 Apr. 459/4 ‘Christian Socialism’ had its most successful appeal among the well-to-do..,not down among the suffering demos. 1992 A. Watson in J. Baylis & N. J. Rengger Dilemmas World Politics vi. 169 Where the people, the demos, is the ultimate sovereign rather than a ruler, it is a necessary function of diplomacy to persuade that sovereign. 2011 Independent on Sunday 23 Jan. (New Review) 7/1 You can't have a thriving democracy without an educated demos, it just doesn't work. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1762
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