depressv.

/dɪˈprɛs/

Forms: Also Middle English depres(e, deprece, Middle English–1600s depresse, (1500s dyprease).

Etymology: < Old French dépresser (Godefroy), < Latin type *dēpressāre (Italian depressare), frequentative of dēprimĕre to press down. (Compare pressāre frequentative of premĕre in Latin use.) In English taken as the representation of Latin dēprimĕre, participial stem dēpress-.

†1.

a. transitive. To put down by force, or crush in a contest or struggle; to overcome, subjugate, vanquish. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > conquer or overcome

overcomeeOE

shendc893

awinc1000

overwinOE

overheaveOE

to lay downa1225

mate?c1225

discomfitc1230

win1297

dauntc1300

cumber1303

scomfit1303

fenkc1320

to bear downc1330

confoundc1330

confusec1330

to do, put arrear1330

oversetc1330

vanquishc1330

conquerc1374

overthrowc1375

oppressc1380

outfighta1382

to put downa1382

discomfortc1384

threshc1384

vencuea1400

depressc1400

venque?1402

ding?a1425

cumrayc1425

to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425

to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430

distrussc1430

supprisec1440

ascomfita1450

to do stress?c1450

victorya1470

to make (win) a conquest1477

convanquish1483

conquest1485

defeat1485

oversailc1485

conques1488

discomfish1488

fulyie1488

distress1489

overpress1489

cravent1490

utter?1533

to give (a person) the overthrow1536

debel1542

convince1548

foil1548

out-war1548

profligate1548

proflige?c1550

expugnate1568

expugn1570

victor1576

dismay1596

damnify1598

triumph1605

convict1607

overman1609

thrash1609

beat1611

debellate1611

import1624

to cut to (or in) pieces1632

maitrise1636

worst1636

forcea1641

outfight1650

outgeneral1767

to cut up1803

smash1813

slosh1890

ream1918

hammer1948

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 6 Ennias þe athel & his highe kynde Þat siþen depreced prouinces.

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 777 And þou con alle þo dere out-dryf, And fro þat maryag al oþer depres.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 145 The dogges..be so greete and feerse that thei depresse bulles and peresche lyones.

1529 J. Frith Pistle Christen Reader sig. Av^v Her sede shall depresse & allso breke thy hed.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1698 So vertue..Deprest, and overthrown, as seem'd..Revives, reflourishes.

1675 H. Neville tr. N. Machiavelli Prince iii, in tr. N. Machiavelli Wks. 201 The kingdom of the Macedonians was depress'd, and Antiochus driven out.

†b. To press hard; to ply closely with questions, entreaties, etc. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > urge or importune

depressc1400

nurnc1400

pressc1440

labourc1450

instancea1513

instanta1513

importune1530

to lie at, upon1535

apply1559

urge1568

importunate1574

ply1581

to put on ——?a1600

flagitate1623

besiege1712

earwig1804

bone1856

tout1920

S.O.S.a1936

opportune1941

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1770 Þat prynces of pris de-presed hym so þikke.. þat nede hym bi-houed Oþer lach þer hir luf oþer lodly re-fuse.

2. To press down (in space). Often more widely: To force, bring, move, or put into a lower position by any physical action; to lower.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > lack of height > make low(er) [verb (transitive)]

depress1526

shorten1530

lower1858

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > press or force down

downbeara1382

pressc1425

to bear down1440

depress1526

suppress1542

detrude1548

sway1857

to force down1917

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > reduce by compression

depress1665

compress1800

squeeze1833

telescope1844

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. AAAii As the belowes, the more they depresse the flame, the more y^e fyer encreaseth.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. ii. 61 Needles which stood before..parallel unto the Horizon, being vigorously excited, incline and bend downeward, depressing the North extreame below the Horizon.

1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 17 The globular figure..will be deprest into the Elliptico-spherical.

1692 Smith's Sea-mans Gram. (new ed.) ii. iii. 92 A Gunner's Quadrant to level, elevate, or depress his Gun.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Depression Depression of the Pole, So many Degrees as you sail, or travel towards the Zenith; so many you are said to depress the Pole, because it becomes, respectively, so much lower, or nearer to the Horizon.

1774 J. Bryant New Syst. (new ed.) I. 321 The Palm was supposed to rise under a weight; and to thrive in proportion to its being depressed.

1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) I. 184 Alternately raising and depressing the piston.

1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. ii. 239 The sensation of a weight depressing the hand.

1880 A. Günther Introd. Study of Fishes 41 The spines can be erected or depressed at the will of the fish.

a. figurative. To lower in station, fortune, or influence; to put down, bring low, humble. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > humility > humiliation > humiliate [verb (transitive)]

anitherOE

fellOE

lowc1175

to lay lowc1225

to set adownc1275

snuba1340

meekc1350

depose1377

aneantizea1382

to bring lowa1387

declinea1400

meekenc1400

to pull downc1425

avalec1430

to-gradea1440

to put downc1440

humble1484

alow1494

deject?1521

depress1526

plucka1529

to cut (rarely to cast down) the comb of?1533

to bring down1535

to bring basec1540

adbass1548

diminish1560

afflict1561

to take down1562

to throw down1567

debase1569

embase1571

diminute1575

to put (also thrust) a person's nose out of jointc1576

exinanite1577

to take (a person) a peg lower1589

to take (a person) down a peg (or two)1589

disbasea1592

to take (a person) down a buttonhole (or two)1592

comb-cut1593

unpuff1598

atterr1605

dismount1608

annihilate1610

crest-fall1611

demit1611

pulla1616

avilea1617

to put a scorn on, upon1633

mortify1639

dimit1658

to put a person's pipe out1720

to let down1747

to set down1753

humiliate1757

to draw (a person's) eyeteeth1789

start1821

squabash1822

to wipe a person's eye1823

to crop the feathers of1827

embarrass1839

to knock (also take, etc.) (a person) off his or her perch1864

to sit upon ——1864

squelch1864

to cut out of all feather1865

to sit on ——1868

to turn down1870

to score off1882

to do (a person) in the eye1891

puncture1908

to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908

to cut down to size1927

flatten1932

to slap (a person) down1938

punk1963

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Eii Nowe they lyfte vp man to honours & dignitees, and anone they depresse hym a lowe in mysery.

1649 J. Milton Tenure of Kings 34 By depressing..thir King farr below the rank of a subject to the condition of a Captive.

1701 J. Swift Disc. Contests Nobles & Commons iii. 35 Marius..used all Endeavours for depressing the Nobles, and raising the People.

1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. (1778) II. vii. 280 A people depressed into the lowest state of subjection.

1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. vii. 457 Each of these vast measures has depressed a powerful party.

†b. To keep down, repress, restrain from activity; to put down, suppress; to oppress. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)] > suppress, repress, or put down

nithereOE

adweschOE

overtreadOE

quellOE

to trample or tread under foot (also feet)c1175

adauntc1325

to bear downc1330

oppressc1380

repressc1391

overyoke?a1425

quencha1425

to bear overc1425

supprisec1440

overquell?c1450

farec1460

supprime1490

downbeara1500

stanch1513

undertread1525

downtread1536

suppress1537

to set one's foot on the neck of1557

depress?a1562

overbear1565

surpress1573

trample1583

repose1663

spiflicate1749

sort1815

to trample down1853

to sit on ——1915

to clamp down1924

crack down1940

tamp1959

?a1562 G. Cavendish Life Wolsey (1959) 179 I requyes his grace..that he haue a vigilent eye, to depresse this newe peruers sekte of the lutarnaunce that it do not encrease.

1605 R. Verstegan Restit. Decayed Intelligence vi. 182 The Conqueror..had no reason by stil depressing the English to prouoke them to break all bounds of obedience.

a1625 J. Fletcher Valentinian i. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Aaaaaaa2^v/1 Pray Depresse you spirit.

1679 W. Penn Addr. Protestants i. 52 Therefore depress Vice and cherish Virtue.

1773 J. Ross Fratricide (MS) iv. 544 He..stands..Depressing the keen strugglings of his breast.

1861 E. O'Curry Lect. Manuscript Materials Anc. Irish Hist. 263 The descendants of the earlier colonists, depressed and enslaved by their conquerors.

†4.

a. To bring down in estimation or credit; to depreciate, disparage. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > detract from [verb (transitive)] > bring discredit on or bring into disrepute

unworthyc1230

alosea1325

low1340

ensclaundre1389

foulc1390

disparagea1400

deface1529

depress1550

discredit?1550

ignoblec1590

redound1591

reproach1593

blame1596

nullify1603

scandal1606

sinka1616

even1625

explode1629

disrepute1649

disrepute1651

lese1678

rogue1678

reflect1769

disconsider1849

dispraise1879

1550 R. Crowley One & Thyrtye Epigrammes sig. Cvii But other mens doynges they wyll euer dyprease, For other can do nought that may theyr mynde please.

1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie iv. vii. 181 They which disgrace or depresse the credite of others.

1659 B. Walton Considerator Considered ix. 188 What he writes in preferring it before the rest [of the book], is..thereby to depresse the worth of the rest.

1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 423 Raise or depress the Character of a Man of Letters.

1791 J. Mackintosh Vindiciæ Gallicæ 310 The frantic loyalty which depressed Paradise Lost.

†b. To lower in dignity, make undignified; to debase. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > weakness or feebleness > weaken [verb (transitive)] > lower in style

depress1654

1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot i. vi. 21 If such abilities depresse not themselves by meane subjects, but keep up the gravity of their stiles.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 39. ¶6 I prefer a noble Sentiment that is depressed with homely Language, infinitely before a Vulgar one that is blown up with all the Sound and Energy of Expression.

a. To lower or bring down in force, vigour, activity, intensity, or amount; to render weaker or less; to render dull or languid.Now usually in relation to trade, etc., in which use it is often associated with sense 6.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)]

littleeOE

anitherOE

wanzelOE

lessc1225

slakea1300

littenc1300

aslakec1314

adminisha1325

allayc1330

settle1338

low1340

minisha1382

reprovea1382

abatea1398

rebatea1398

subtlea1398

alaskia1400

forlyten?a1400

imminish14..

lessenc1410

diminish1417

repress?a1425

assuagec1430

scarcec1440

small1440

underslakec1440

alessa1450

debate?c1450

batec1460

decreasec1470

appetisse1474

alow1494

mince1499

perswage?1504

remita1513

inless?1521

attenuate1530

weaken1530

defray1532

mitigate1532

minorate1534

narrow?1548

diminuec1550

extenuate1555

amain1578

exolve1578

base1581

dejecta1586

amoinder1588

faint1598

qualify1604

contract1605

to pull down1607

shrivel1609

to take down1610

disaugment1611

impoverish1611

shrink1628

decoct1629

persway1631

unflame1635

straiten1645

depress1647

reduce1649

detract1654

minuate1657

alloy1661

lower?1662

sinka1684

retreat1690

nip1785

to drive down1840

minify1866

to knock down1867

to damp down1869

scale1887

mute1891

clip1938

to roll back1942

to cut back1943

downscale1945

downrate1958

slim1963

downshift1972

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > cause or effect (harm) [verb (transitive)] > do harm or injury to > affect detrimentally

atterc885

hurtc1200

marc1225

appair1297

impair1297

spilla1300

emblemishc1384

endull1395

blemishc1430

depaira1460

depravea1533

deform1533

envenom1533

vitiate1534

quail1551

impeach1563

subvert1565

craze1573

taint1573

spoil1578

endamage1579

qualify1584

stain1584

crack1590

ravish1594

interess1598

invitiate1598

corrupt1602

venom1621

depauperate1623

detriment1623

flaw1623

embase1625

ungold1637

murder1644

refract1646

depress1647

addle1652

sweal1655

butcher1659

shade1813

mess1823

puckeroo1840

untone1861

blue1880

queer1884

dick1972

forgar-

1647 T. May Hist. Parl. i. ix. 110 Which must needs depresse the strength of England, and keepe it from so much greatnesse.

1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 241. ⁋1 Wine..raises the Imagination, and depresses Judgment.

1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 78 That accumulation of fæces, which tends to depress and greatly impede the functions.

1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics xxviii. 233 It depresses the tints in the two quadrants which the axis of the plate crosses.

1878 W. S. Jevons Polit. Econ. 122 When the trade is depressed, and when wages and interest are low.

b. To lower in pitch, to flatten (the voice, or a musical note).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > set pitch [verb (transitive)] > lower pitch

depress1530

flatten1824

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 48 Whan the redar hath lyft up his voyce at the soundyng of the said vowel..he shal, whan he commeth to the last sillable, depresse his voyce agayne.

1824 W. Scott Redgauntlet I. xi. 224 He commenced his tale..in a distinct..tone of voice, which he raised and depressed with considerable skill.

1878 W. H. Stone Sci. Basis Music v. 53 If then we make each of the four fifths one-fourth of a comma flat, the resulting third is depressed a whole comma.

6. To bring into low spirits, cast down mentally, dispirit, deject, sadden. (The chief current use.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > make dejected [verb (transitive)]

drearya1300

discomfortc1325

batec1380

to cast downa1382

to throw downa1382

dullc1386

faintc1386

discomfita1425

discourage1436

sinkc1440

mischeera1450

discheerc1454

amatea1500

bedowa1522

damp1548

quail1548

dash1550

exanimate1552

afflict1561

dank1565

disanimate1565

sadden1565

languish1566

deject1581

dumpc1585

unheart1593

mope1596

chill1597

sour1600

disgallant1601

disheart1603

dishearten1606

fainten1620

depress1624

sullen1628

tristitiate1628

disliven1631

dampen1633

weigh1640

out-spirit1643

dispirit1647

flat1649

funeralize1654

hearta1658

disencourage1659

attrist1680

flatten1683

dismalizec1735

blue-devil1812

out-heart1845

downweigh1851

to get down1861

frigidize1868

languor1891

downcast1914

neg1987

1624 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 2) ii. iii. iii. 274 Hope refresheth, as much as misery depresseth.

c1698 J. Locke Thoughts on Conduct of Understanding § 39 Others..depress their own minds, despond at the first difficulty.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 249. ¶5 The Gloom which is apt to depress the Mind, and damp our Spirits.

1804 J. Forbes Let. 19 June in Lett. from France (1806) II. lxxxii. 321 We came..amidst rain and wind, and depressed by ill-forebodings.

1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xi. 99 ‘This house depresses and chills one,’ said Kate.

†7. Algebra. To reduce to a lower degree or power.

ΚΠ

1673 J. Wallis Let. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) II. 561 The method of depressing biquadratic equations to quadratic.

a1690 S. Jeake Λογιστικηλογία (1696) 372 The Quotients being depressed by Reduction in Species, may be brought to..⁵²/ ₂₀ + ²⁰/ ₄.

1816 tr. S. F. Lacroix Elem. Treat. Differential & Integral Calculus 193 This formula furnishes the means of depressing to unity the index of the denominator.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	depress
释义	† depressadj. Etymology: < Latin dēpressus, past participle of dēprimĕre : see depress v. Obsolete. rare. = depressed adj. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > [adjective] hollowa1250 holkedc1420 howea1500 deep-set1562 depressed1658 depressc1660 sunken1683 recessed1757 sunk1766 niche-like1841 retreating1878 sucken1878 c1660 H. Hammond Wks. I. 259 (R.) If the seal be depress or hollow, 'tis lawful to wear, but not to seal with it. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2021). depressv. /dɪˈprɛs/ Forms: Also Middle English depres(e, deprece, Middle English–1600s depresse, (1500s dyprease). Etymology: < Old French dépresser (Godefroy), < Latin type dēpressāre (Italian depressare), frequentative of dēprimĕre* to press down. (Compare pressāre frequentative of premĕre in Latin use.) In English taken as the representation of Latin dēprimĕre, participial stem dēpress-. †1. a. transitive. To put down by force, or crush in a contest or struggle; to overcome, subjugate, vanquish. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > conquer or overcome overcomeeOE shendc893 awinc1000 overwinOE overheaveOE to lay downa1225 mate?c1225 discomfitc1230 win1297 dauntc1300 cumber1303 scomfit1303 fenkc1320 to bear downc1330 confoundc1330 confusec1330 to do, put arrear1330 oversetc1330 vanquishc1330 conquerc1374 overthrowc1375 oppressc1380 outfighta1382 to put downa1382 discomfortc1384 threshc1384 vencuea1400 depressc1400 venque?1402 ding?a1425 cumrayc1425 to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425 to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430 distrussc1430 supprisec1440 ascomfita1450 to do stress?c1450 victorya1470 to make (win) a conquest1477 convanquish1483 conquest1485 defeat1485 oversailc1485 conques1488 discomfish1488 fulyie1488 distress1489 overpress1489 cravent1490 utter?1533 to give (a person) the overthrow1536 debel1542 convince1548 foil1548 out-war1548 profligate1548 proflige?c1550 expugnate1568 expugn1570 victor1576 dismay1596 damnify1598 triumph1605 convict1607 overman1609 thrash1609 beat1611 debellate1611 import1624 to cut to (or in) pieces1632 maitrise1636 worst1636 forcea1641 outfight1650 outgeneral1767 to cut up1803 smash1813 slosh1890 ream1918 hammer1948 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 6 Ennias þe athel & his highe kynde Þat siþen depreced prouinces. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 777 And þou con alle þo dere out-dryf, And fro þat maryag al oþer depres. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 145 The dogges..be so greete and feerse that thei depresse bulles and peresche lyones. 1529 J. Frith Pistle Christen Reader sig. Av^v Her sede shall depresse & allso breke thy hed. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1698 So vertue..Deprest, and overthrown, as seem'd..Revives, reflourishes. View more context for this quotation 1675 H. Neville tr. N. Machiavelli Prince iii, in tr. N. Machiavelli Wks. 201 The kingdom of the Macedonians was depress'd, and Antiochus driven out. †b. To press hard; to ply closely with questions, entreaties, etc. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > urge or importune depressc1400 nurnc1400 pressc1440 labourc1450 instancea1513 instanta1513 importune1530 to lie at, upon1535 apply1559 urge1568 importunate1574 ply1581 to put on ——?a1600 flagitate1623 besiege1712 earwig1804 bone1856 tout1920 S.O.S.a1936 opportune1941 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1770 Þat prynces of pris de-presed hym so þikke.. þat nede hym bi-houed Oþer lach þer hir luf oþer lodly re-fuse. 2. To press down (in space). Often more widely: To force, bring, move, or put into a lower position by any physical action; to lower. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > lack of height > make low(er) [verb (transitive)] depress1526 shorten1530 lower1858 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > press or force down downbeara1382 pressc1425 to bear down1440 depress1526 suppress1542 detrude1548 sway1857 to force down1917 the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > reduce by compression depress1665 compress1800 squeeze1833 telescope1844 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. AAAii As the belowes, the more they depresse the flame, the more y^e fyer encreaseth. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. ii. 61 Needles which stood before..parallel unto the Horizon, being vigorously excited, incline and bend downeward, depressing the North extreame below the Horizon. View more context for this quotation 1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 17 The globular figure..will be deprest into the Elliptico-spherical. 1692 Smith's Sea-mans Gram. (new ed.) ii. iii. 92 A Gunner's Quadrant to level, elevate, or depress his Gun. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Depression Depression of the Pole, So many Degrees as you sail, or travel towards the Zenith; so many you are said to depress the Pole, because it becomes, respectively, so much lower, or nearer to the Horizon. 1774 J. Bryant New Syst. (new ed.) I. 321 The Palm was supposed to rise under a weight; and to thrive in proportion to its being depressed. 1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) I. 184 Alternately raising and depressing the piston. 1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. ii. 239 The sensation of a weight depressing the hand. 1880 A. Günther Introd. Study of Fishes 41 The spines can be erected or depressed at the will of the fish. 3. a. figurative. To lower in station, fortune, or influence; to put down, bring low, humble. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > humility > humiliation > humiliate [verb (transitive)] anitherOE fellOE lowc1175 to lay lowc1225 to set adownc1275 snuba1340 meekc1350 depose1377 aneantizea1382 to bring lowa1387 declinea1400 meekenc1400 to pull downc1425 avalec1430 to-gradea1440 to put downc1440 humble1484 alow1494 deject?1521 depress1526 plucka1529 to cut (rarely to cast down) the comb of?1533 to bring down1535 to bring basec1540 adbass1548 diminish1560 afflict1561 to take down1562 to throw down1567 debase1569 embase1571 diminute1575 to put (also thrust) a person's nose out of jointc1576 exinanite1577 to take (a person) a peg lower1589 to take (a person) down a peg (or two)1589 disbasea1592 to take (a person) down a buttonhole (or two)1592 comb-cut1593 unpuff1598 atterr1605 dismount1608 annihilate1610 crest-fall1611 demit1611 pulla1616 avilea1617 to put a scorn on, upon1633 mortify1639 dimit1658 to put a person's pipe out1720 to let down1747 to set down1753 humiliate1757 to draw (a person's) eyeteeth1789 start1821 squabash1822 to wipe a person's eye1823 to crop the feathers of1827 embarrass1839 to knock (also take, etc.) (a person) off his or her perch1864 to sit upon ——1864 squelch1864 to cut out of all feather1865 to sit on ——1868 to turn down1870 to score off1882 to do (a person) in the eye1891 puncture1908 to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908 to cut down to size1927 flatten1932 to slap (a person) down1938 punk1963 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Eii Nowe they lyfte vp man to honours & dignitees, and anone they depresse hym a lowe in mysery. 1649 J. Milton Tenure of Kings 34 By depressing..thir King farr below the rank of a subject to the condition of a Captive. 1701 J. Swift Disc. Contests Nobles & Commons iii. 35 Marius..used all Endeavours for depressing the Nobles, and raising the People. 1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. (1778) II. vii. 280 A people depressed into the lowest state of subjection. 1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. vii. 457 Each of these vast measures has depressed a powerful party. †b. To keep down, repress, restrain from activity; to put down, suppress; to oppress. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)] > suppress, repress, or put down nithereOE adweschOE overtreadOE quellOE to trample or tread under foot (also feet)c1175 adauntc1325 to bear downc1330 oppressc1380 repressc1391 overyoke?a1425 quencha1425 to bear overc1425 supprisec1440 overquell?c1450 farec1460 supprime1490 downbeara1500 stanch1513 undertread1525 downtread1536 suppress1537 to set one's foot on the neck of1557 depress?a1562 overbear1565 surpress1573 trample1583 repose1663 spiflicate1749 sort1815 to trample down1853 to sit on ——1915 to clamp down1924 crack down1940 tamp1959 ?a1562 G. Cavendish Life Wolsey (1959) 179 I requyes his grace..that he haue a vigilent eye, to depresse this newe peruers sekte of the lutarnaunce that it do not encrease. 1605 R. Verstegan Restit. Decayed Intelligence vi. 182 The Conqueror..had no reason by stil depressing the English to prouoke them to break all bounds of obedience. a1625 J. Fletcher Valentinian i. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Aaaaaaa2^v/1 Pray Depresse you spirit. 1679 W. Penn Addr. Protestants i. 52 Therefore depress Vice and cherish Virtue. 1773 J. Ross Fratricide (MS) iv. 544 He..stands..Depressing the keen strugglings of his breast. 1861 E. O'Curry Lect. Manuscript Materials Anc. Irish Hist. 263 The descendants of the earlier colonists, depressed and enslaved by their conquerors. †4. a. To bring down in estimation or credit; to depreciate, disparage. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > detract from [verb (transitive)] > bring discredit on or bring into disrepute unworthyc1230 alosea1325 low1340 ensclaundre1389 foulc1390 disparagea1400 deface1529 depress1550 discredit?1550 ignoblec1590 redound1591 reproach1593 blame1596 nullify1603 scandal1606 sinka1616 even1625 explode1629 disrepute1649 disrepute1651 lese1678 rogue1678 reflect1769 disconsider1849 dispraise1879 1550 R. Crowley One & Thyrtye Epigrammes sig. Cvii But other mens doynges they wyll euer dyprease, For other can do nought that may theyr mynde please. 1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie iv. vii. 181 They which disgrace or depresse the credite of others. 1659 B. Walton Considerator Considered ix. 188 What he writes in preferring it before the rest [of the book], is..thereby to depresse the worth of the rest. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 423 Raise or depress the Character of a Man of Letters. 1791 J. Mackintosh Vindiciæ Gallicæ 310 The frantic loyalty which depressed Paradise Lost. †b. To lower in dignity, make undignified; to debase. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > weakness or feebleness > weaken [verb (transitive)] > lower in style depress1654 1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot i. vi. 21 If such abilities depresse not themselves by meane subjects, but keep up the gravity of their stiles. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 39. ¶6 I prefer a noble Sentiment that is depressed with homely Language, infinitely before a Vulgar one that is blown up with all the Sound and Energy of Expression. 5. a. To lower or bring down in force, vigour, activity, intensity, or amount; to render weaker or less; to render dull or languid.Now usually in relation to trade, etc., in which use it is often associated with sense 6. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] littleeOE anitherOE wanzelOE lessc1225 slakea1300 littenc1300 aslakec1314 adminisha1325 allayc1330 settle1338 low1340 minisha1382 reprovea1382 abatea1398 rebatea1398 subtlea1398 alaskia1400 forlyten?a1400 imminish14.. lessenc1410 diminish1417 repress?a1425 assuagec1430 scarcec1440 small1440 underslakec1440 alessa1450 debate?c1450 batec1460 decreasec1470 appetisse1474 alow1494 mince1499 perswage?1504 remita1513 inless?1521 attenuate1530 weaken1530 defray1532 mitigate1532 minorate1534 narrow?1548 diminuec1550 extenuate1555 amain1578 exolve1578 base1581 dejecta1586 amoinder1588 faint1598 qualify1604 contract1605 to pull down1607 shrivel1609 to take down1610 disaugment1611 impoverish1611 shrink1628 decoct1629 persway1631 unflame1635 straiten1645 depress1647 reduce1649 detract1654 minuate1657 alloy1661 lower?1662 sinka1684 retreat1690 nip1785 to drive down1840 minify1866 to knock down1867 to damp down1869 scale1887 mute1891 clip1938 to roll back1942 to cut back1943 downscale1945 downrate1958 slim1963 downshift1972 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > cause or effect (harm) [verb (transitive)] > do harm or injury to > affect detrimentally atterc885 hurtc1200 marc1225 appair1297 impair1297 spilla1300 emblemishc1384 endull1395 blemishc1430 depaira1460 depravea1533 deform1533 envenom1533 vitiate1534 quail1551 impeach1563 subvert1565 craze1573 taint1573 spoil1578 endamage1579 qualify1584 stain1584 crack1590 ravish1594 interess1598 invitiate1598 corrupt1602 venom1621 depauperate1623 detriment1623 flaw1623 embase1625 ungold1637 murder1644 refract1646 depress1647 addle1652 sweal1655 butcher1659 shade1813 mess1823 puckeroo1840 untone1861 blue1880 queer1884 dick1972 forgar- 1647 T. May Hist. Parl. i. ix. 110 Which must needs depresse the strength of England, and keepe it from so much greatnesse. 1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 241. ⁋1 Wine..raises the Imagination, and depresses Judgment. 1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 78 That accumulation of fæces, which tends to depress and greatly impede the functions. 1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics xxviii. 233 It depresses the tints in the two quadrants which the axis of the plate crosses. 1878 W. S. Jevons Polit. Econ. 122 When the trade is depressed, and when wages and interest are low. b. To lower in pitch, to flatten (the voice, or a musical note). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > set pitch [verb (transitive)] > lower pitch depress1530 flatten1824 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 48 Whan the redar hath lyft up his voyce at the soundyng of the said vowel..he shal, whan he commeth to the last sillable, depresse his voyce agayne. 1824 W. Scott Redgauntlet I. xi. 224 He commenced his tale..in a distinct..tone of voice, which he raised and depressed with considerable skill. 1878 W. H. Stone Sci. Basis Music v. 53 If then we make each of the four fifths one-fourth of a comma flat, the resulting third is depressed a whole comma. 6. To bring into low spirits, cast down mentally, dispirit, deject, sadden. (The chief current use.) ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > make dejected [verb (transitive)] drearya1300 discomfortc1325 batec1380 to cast downa1382 to throw downa1382 dullc1386 faintc1386 discomfita1425 discourage1436 sinkc1440 mischeera1450 discheerc1454 amatea1500 bedowa1522 damp1548 quail1548 dash1550 exanimate1552 afflict1561 dank1565 disanimate1565 sadden1565 languish1566 deject1581 dumpc1585 unheart1593 mope1596 chill1597 sour1600 disgallant1601 disheart1603 dishearten1606 fainten1620 depress1624 sullen1628 tristitiate1628 disliven1631 dampen1633 weigh1640 out-spirit1643 dispirit1647 flat1649 funeralize1654 hearta1658 disencourage1659 attrist1680 flatten1683 dismalizec1735 blue-devil1812 out-heart1845 downweigh1851 to get down1861 frigidize1868 languor1891 downcast1914 neg1987 1624 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 2) ii. iii. iii. 274 Hope refresheth, as much as misery depresseth. c1698 J. Locke Thoughts on Conduct of Understanding § 39 Others..depress their own minds, despond at the first difficulty. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 249. ¶5 The Gloom which is apt to depress the Mind, and damp our Spirits. 1804 J. Forbes Let. 19 June in Lett. from France (1806) II. lxxxii. 321 We came..amidst rain and wind, and depressed by ill-forebodings. 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xi. 99 ‘This house depresses and chills one,’ said Kate. †7. Algebra. To reduce to a lower degree or power. ΚΠ 1673 J. Wallis Let. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) II. 561 The method of depressing biquadratic equations to quadratic. a1690 S. Jeake Λογιστικηλογία (1696) 372 The Quotients being depressed by Reduction in Species, may be brought to..⁵²/ ₂₀ + ²⁰/ ₄. 1816 tr. S. F. Lacroix Elem. Treat. Differential & Integral Calculus 193 This formula furnishes the means of depressing to unity the index of the denominator. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.c1660v.c1400
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† depressadj.

depressv.