despotn.

/ˈdɛspət/

Forms: Also 1500s dispotto, 1600s despote.

Etymology: < Old French despot (14th cent.), modern French despote , < Greek δεσπότης (medieval Latin despota , -tus ) master, lord, despot. In sense 1 partly after Italian ˈdispoto, in Florio deˈspota, ‘a lord, a lordlike governour’.

1. Historical. A word which, in its Greek form, meant ‘master’ or ‘lord’ (e.g. of a household, of slaves), and was applied to a deity, and to the absolute ruler of a non-free people; in Byzantine times it was used of the Emperor, and, as representing Latin magister, in various official titles, also as a form of address (= domine n. my lord) to the emperor, to bishops, and especially to patriarchs; from the time of Alexius Comnenus it was the formal title of princes of the imperial house; in the sense ‘lord’ or ‘prince’, it was borne, after the Turkish conquest, by the petty Christian rulers of dependent or tributary provinces, as the despots of the Morea or of Serbia (= Serbian hospodar). It was in this later application that the word was first known in the Western languages.In modern Greek, δεσπότης is the ordinary appellation of a bishop.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > [noun]

waldendeOE

prince?c1225

ordainerc1300

tyranta1340

prefecta1382

rulera1382

wieldera1382

corner of the people1382

lordshipperc1384

governora1393

moderatora1398

wieldinga1400

leader of lawsc1400

regent1415

governailc1440

dominatorc1450

reignera1464

regnanta1500

gubernator1522

despot1562

shepherd1577

swayer1598

Sophy1599

most mastera1616

Govr.1620

Gov.1630

archon1735

1562 J. Shute tr. A. Cambini in Two Comm. Turcks i. f. 20 Thomas Paleologo..abstained from that title..& contented himselfe w^t the only title of the Dispotto of Morea.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. ii. 71 b Taken awaye from his father John Castriot Despot of Servia.

1588 R. Greene Perimedes sig. Cii The Despot of Decapolis and his wife..lost their way.

1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 112 Hee was both by the Patriarch and the yoong emperour honoured with the title of the Despot, another step vnto the empire.

1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 122 The Despot was the heire or successor apparant of the Constantinopolitan Empire (vnderstand, of the times since Alexius Comnenus, though before him it were a generall name, as My Lord).

1656 T. Blount Glossographia (at cited word) Among the ancient Greeks, he that was next to the Emperor, was, by a general name, called Despotes.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Despot, an absolute prince; one that governs with unlimited authority. This word is not in use, except as applied to some Dacian prince; as the despot of Servia.

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. liii. 485 To their favourite sons or brothers, they imparted the more lofty appellation of Lord or Despot, which was illustrated with new ornaments and prerogatives, and placed immediately after the person of the emperor himself.

1819 T. Hope Anastasius (1820) II. x. 203 I am bearer of letters to the despots [bishops of the Greek Church] and proëstis of our different islands.

2. After ancient Greek use: An absolute ruler of a country; hence, by extension, any ruler who governs absolutely or tyrannically; any person who exercises tyrannical authority; a tyrant, an oppressor.The modern use, which is usually hostile, according to Mason, quoted by Todd, came into prominence at the period of the French Revolution: ‘the French revolutionists have been very liberal in conferring this title’.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > absolute ruler > [noun]

tyrantc1330

dictatora1593

Caesar1595

absolute monarch1596

imperator1598

voluntar1650

Mogul1653

sultanist1659

sultan1662

Grand Monarque1699

autocrator1718

despot1755

autocrat1762

sultanship1823

monocrat1848

autarch1865

autarkist1938

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Despote, a Despote; the chiefe or soueraigne Lord of a Countrey.]

1755 [see sense 1].

1781 W. Cowper Expostulation 370 Hast thou..returned..A despot big with power obtained by wealth?

1785 W. Cowper Task v. 311 But is it fit..that a man..Should be a despot absolute, and boast Himself the only freeman of his land?

1795–6 E. Burke Lett. Peace Regic. France iv, in Wks. IX. 104 The friends of Jacobins are no longer despots; the betrayers of the common cause are no longer traitors!

1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc x. 444 When pouring o'er his legion slaves on Greece, The eastern despot bridged the Hellespont.

1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands II. 181 Which coincided in date with several other plots against Italian despots.

1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India II. vii. iv. 159 The intercourse between those princes was highly characteristic of Asiatic despots.

1841 R. W. Emerson Compensation in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 100 Under the primeval despots of Egypt.

1848 H. Hallam Suppl. Notes View Europe Middle Ages 105 Every Frank of wealth and courage was a despot within his sphere.

1858 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days (new ed.) Pref. p. x Which divides boys into despots and slaves.

1872 J. Morley Voltaire ii. 77 Voltaire,..never rose above the simple political conception of an eastern tale, a good-tempered despot with a sage vizier.

Compounds

In combinations.

ΚΠ

1846 C. G. Prowett tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound 34 Is not our despot-lord In all things framed to violence?

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	despot
释义	despotn. /ˈdɛspət/ Forms: Also 1500s dispotto, 1600s despote. Etymology: < Old French despot (14th cent.), modern French despote , < Greek δεσπότης (medieval Latin despota , -tus ) master, lord, despot. In sense 1 partly after Italian ˈdispoto, in Florio deˈspota, ‘a lord, a lordlike governour’. 1. Historical. A word which, in its Greek form, meant ‘master’ or ‘lord’ (e.g. of a household, of slaves), and was applied to a deity, and to the absolute ruler of a non-free people; in Byzantine times it was used of the Emperor, and, as representing Latin magister, in various official titles, also as a form of address (= domine n. my lord) to the emperor, to bishops, and especially to patriarchs; from the time of Alexius Comnenus it was the formal title of princes of the imperial house; in the sense ‘lord’ or ‘prince’, it was borne, after the Turkish conquest, by the petty Christian rulers of dependent or tributary provinces, as the despots of the Morea or of Serbia (= Serbian hospodar). It was in this later application that the word was first known in the Western languages.In modern Greek, δεσπότης is the ordinary appellation of a bishop. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > [noun] waldendeOE prince?c1225 ordainerc1300 tyranta1340 prefecta1382 rulera1382 wieldera1382 corner of the people1382 lordshipperc1384 governora1393 moderatora1398 wieldinga1400 leader of lawsc1400 regent1415 governailc1440 dominatorc1450 reignera1464 regnanta1500 gubernator1522 despot1562 shepherd1577 swayer1598 Sophy1599 most mastera1616 Govr.1620 Gov.1630 archon1735 1562 J. Shute tr. A. Cambini in Two Comm. Turcks i. f. 20 Thomas Paleologo..abstained from that title..& contented himselfe w^t the only title of the Dispotto of Morea. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. ii. 71 b Taken awaye from his father John Castriot Despot of Servia. 1588 R. Greene Perimedes sig. Cii The Despot of Decapolis and his wife..lost their way. 1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 112 Hee was both by the Patriarch and the yoong emperour honoured with the title of the Despot, another step vnto the empire. 1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 122 The Despot was the heire or successor apparant of the Constantinopolitan Empire (vnderstand, of the times since Alexius Comnenus, though before him it were a generall name, as My Lord). 1656 T. Blount Glossographia (at cited word) Among the ancient Greeks, he that was next to the Emperor, was, by a general name, called Despotes. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Despot, an absolute prince; one that governs with unlimited authority. This word is not in use, except as applied to some Dacian prince; as the despot of Servia. 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. liii. 485 To their favourite sons or brothers, they imparted the more lofty appellation of Lord or Despot, which was illustrated with new ornaments and prerogatives, and placed immediately after the person of the emperor himself. 1819 T. Hope Anastasius (1820) II. x. 203 I am bearer of letters to the despots [bishops of the Greek Church] and proëstis of our different islands. 2. After ancient Greek use: An absolute ruler of a country; hence, by extension, any ruler who governs absolutely or tyrannically; any person who exercises tyrannical authority; a tyrant, an oppressor.The modern use, which is usually hostile, according to Mason, quoted by Todd, came into prominence at the period of the French Revolution: ‘the French revolutionists have been very liberal in conferring this title’. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > absolute ruler > [noun] tyrantc1330 dictatora1593 Caesar1595 absolute monarch1596 imperator1598 voluntar1650 Mogul1653 sultanist1659 sultan1662 Grand Monarque1699 autocrator1718 despot1755 autocrat1762 sultanship1823 monocrat1848 autarch1865 autarkist1938 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Despote, a Despote; the chiefe or soueraigne Lord of a Countrey.] 1755 [see sense 1]. 1781 W. Cowper Expostulation 370 Hast thou..returned..A despot big with power obtained by wealth? 1785 W. Cowper Task v. 311 But is it fit..that a man..Should be a despot absolute, and boast Himself the only freeman of his land? 1795–6 E. Burke Lett. Peace Regic. France iv, in Wks. IX. 104 The friends of Jacobins are no longer despots; the betrayers of the common cause are no longer traitors! 1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc x. 444 When pouring o'er his legion slaves on Greece, The eastern despot bridged the Hellespont. 1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands II. 181 Which coincided in date with several other plots against Italian despots. 1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India II. vii. iv. 159 The intercourse between those princes was highly characteristic of Asiatic despots. 1841 R. W. Emerson Compensation in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 100 Under the primeval despots of Egypt. 1848 H. Hallam Suppl. Notes View Europe Middle Ages 105 Every Frank of wealth and courage was a despot within his sphere. 1858 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days (new ed.) Pref. p. x Which divides boys into despots and slaves. 1872 J. Morley Voltaire ii. 77 Voltaire,..never rose above the simple political conception of an eastern tale, a good-tempered despot with a sage vizier. Compounds In combinations. ΚΠ 1846 C. G. Prowett tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound 34 Is not our despot-lord In all things framed to violence? This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1562
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