| 释义 |
descrivev. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French descriv-, descrier, descrivre. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman discriv-, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French descriv-, stem (e.g. in present plural and present subjunctive) of Anglo-Norman descrier, discrire, also descrivere, descriver, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French descrire, also descrivre (French décrire ) to set out in writing (1119), to describe, give a description of, to recount (both 12th cent.), (reflexive) to enumerate, enter in a register (end of the 12th cent.), (reflexive) to explain (1205), to reveal, expose, make visible (1230), to write, compose (13th cent.), to inscribe (mid 16th cent.), to trace a curved line (1559) < classical Latin dēscrībere describe v. Compare Old Occitan descriure (c1220), Catalan descriure (1260), Spanish describir (a1454 or earlier), Portuguese descrever (1436), Italian descrivere (1303–6). Compare later descry v.2, describe v.Note on currency. During the course of the 16th cent. this word was gradually superseded (except in Scots) by the Latin loanword describe v. Related verb. For forms reflecting inflections of the same French verb without the full stem in -v- see later descry v.2 Variation in stem vowel. Middle English and Older Scots by-forms with stem vowel long close ē (see β. and δ. forms) probably have different origins: in Middle English by open syllable lengthening of an earlier ĭ (from a variant with shortening of ī ; for a similar development in another French loanword compare forms of oblige v.); in Older Scots by variable treatment of French loanwords with tonic ī which was sometimes identified with the reflex of early Scots long close ē as this was in the process of being raised to ī in the Great Vowel Shift (see further A. J. Aitken & C. Macafee Older Sc. Vowels (2002) §15). Semantic development. The motivation for the development of branch II. (‘to catch sight of, observe, notice, etc.’) is uncertain; similar senses do not appear to be attested for the corresponding verb in French or Latin (although perhaps compare use in Old French in the sense ‘to reveal, expose, make visible’). It has been argued that these senses may have arisen as a result of identification of the present word (and its etymological doublet descry v.2) with descry v.1 (see branch I. at that entry), although the development of the corresponding meanings of that word is likewise uncertain, and the relative priority of the three verbs in the relevant senses is difficult to establish from the surviving documentary evidence. It is also possible that this range of meaning developed within English from earlier senses at branch I. relating to verbal characterization and written recording (perhaps compare the development of senses relating to mental realization at e.g. mark v., notice v., register v.). Chiefly Scottish after Middle English. Now somewhat archaic. I. Senses corresponding to describe v. I., II., III. 1. the mind > language > speech > narration > description or act of describing > describe [verb (transitive)] > in detail or graphically ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 8 Þus seint iame descriueð religiun & ordre. a1375 (c1350) (1867) l. 5005 (MED) Alle þe clerkes vnder god couþe nouȝt descriue..þe realte of þat day. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 27 (MED) Eueriche prouince and londe is descryued for to me come to Britayne þe laste of alle, as most special. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) vii. l. 1057 So as these olde wise men Descrive. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer (Hunterian) (1891) l. 865 I wot not what of hir nose I shal descryue So faire hath no womman alyue. a1425 J. Wyclif (1871) II. 318 Þei ben þes þat Ysay discryveþ, þat þei seien good is yvel. 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton i. vii. f. 18 It is expedient to descruie [sic] quha is ane herityk. 1584 King James VI & I sig. Eiiij So Iob and Ieremie..Did right descryue their ioyes, their woes and torts, In variant verse of hundreth thousand sorts. c1667 G. Blackhall (1844) 140 I have descryved him thus at length to show the reader [etc.]. 1671 R. McWard 134 Which we finde descrived in the Scriptures of the New Testament. 1705 J. Dalrymple vii.120 St. Serf is by Winton descrived to be a Monk and Pilgrim. 1786 R. Burns 213 Let me fair Nature's face descrive. 1858 M. Porteous (ed. 2) 15 Hamely chiels..Wha Tammy's haunts can weel descrive. 1886 ‘H. Haliburton’ 66 I'd like very weel to descrive it a'. 1963 'R. Garioch' in June 58/2 Anelie by precisest thocht The philosophic god may be discrievit 1983 W. L. Lorimer & R. L. C. Lorimer 447 The plagues at hes been descrived i this Buik. 2004 R. Fairnie (SCOTS) No. 122 The words they uised tae descrive thae thochts. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 8 Hwer he finde inhali writ openlukest des [c] riuet & isutelet. a1375 (c1350) (1867) l. 3042 Þe mater..miȝtow here finde, as i descriued þis ender day whan þow þi drem toldest. a1450 in J. Evans & M. S. Serjeantson (1933) 23 (MED) Who-so beholdeth the Iaspe ayeins day, he shal descriue metynge. c1460 (?c1400) l. 1100 (MED) The vij sagis..Were assemblit to discryve what shuld þerof fall. c1475 (Trin. Cambr.) (1927) 1715 There was Dionyse, Bernard, Bede, Bartylmew..the swete Bonauenture..And many moo..Of clerkes, whyche that were contemplatyf..heuynly thyng to discryf [1480 Caxton descryue]. †2. society > communication > record > written record > register or record book > register [verb (transitive)] c1325 (c1300) [implied in: (Calig.) 1387 Þo august..he let make a descriuinge, þat ido nas neuere er.]. a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1961) Num. xi. 26 Þer dweltyn forsoþe in þe tentys two men..for & þei weryn descriuyd [L. descripti fuerant; 1611 King James and they were of them that were written]. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke ii. 1 That al the world schulde be discryued [L. describeretur]. 1415 in F. A. Page-Turner (1914) 28 (MED) Þe goods..discriued in myn Inuentarie. a1475 (a1447) O. Bokenham Mappula Angliae in (1887) 10 20 (MED) Shiris & provyncys or countees..þe which alle Willelmus conquestor made to be discryuyd. 1532 (a1475) J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Digby 145) in J. Fortescue-Aland (1714) xvi. 120 Theyr secund Emperor, comaundyd al the World to be discrivyd [a1475 Laud discribed]. society > communication > writing > manner of writing > copying or transcribing > copy or transcribe [verb (transitive)] a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xlix. 16 Lo! in myn hondis I haue discriued [L. descripsi] thee. c1450 (?a1405) J. Lydgate Complaint Black Knight (Fairf.) l. 192 in (1934) ii. 390 To discryve and wryte[n] at the fulle The wofull compleynt. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine f. cclxxxiiii/1 Mathewe, and Luke descryue not the generacion of Marye, but of Joseph. a1500 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Adv.) in W. B. D. D. Turnbull (1843) 90 Thys name which may not be dyscreved. a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1961) Josh. xviii. 6 Iudas be in his termys at þe souþ cost & þe hous of Ioseph fro þe norþ, þe myddul loonde bytwene þese: discryue [L. describite] ȝe into seuene parties. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 7 Þat in stories meteþ and discryueþ all þe worlde wyde [L. orbis quadrifidi dimensores, quadriviales historiae descriptores]. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Cosmogr. i, in sig. Bv Howbeit recent authouris discriue ye warld in sum vthir figure & sort, than it hes bene discriuit afore be..auld cosmographouris. c1540 J. Bellenden in tr. H. Boece sig. Ciijv We will discriue ye same [sc. the Ilis] in maner & forme as followis. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece (1858) II. ix. f. 74 King Ptholome had devisit to discrive be instrumentis of astronomy the situacion of the hale warld. †4. the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > manipulate shapes or figures [verb (transitive)] > draw or form boundary of c1392 18 (MED) With the moeuable point of thi compas descriue a cercle. 1553 G. Douglas tr. Virgil vi. f. Cxlviiiv Sum bene mare crafty,..Wyth xowulis and wyth mesuris,..for to discriue and prent The sternes mouing, and the heuynnis went. 1565 T. Cooper Abacus..a counting table such as..Astronomers descriue their figures in. the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > cause to move in a direction [verb (transitive)] > pass over a certain course or distance a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. xi. 477 Epiciclis is a litil cercle þat a planete discriueþ. c1400 ( G. Chaucer (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) i. §17. 9 The plate vnder thi Riet is descriued with 3 [principal] cerclis. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > draw [verb (transitive)] c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xxi. l. 214 (MED) Ho couþe kyndeliche wit colour discriue, Hif alle þe worlde where whit? †II. Senses corresponding to descry v.1the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > perceive [verb (transitive)] the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > find out, discover [verb (transitive)] > by perception or observation the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (transitive)] > succeed in seeing or catch sight of society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > announce or proclaim [verb (transitive)] > as a herald c1300 St. Dominic (Laud) l. 146 in C. Horstmann (1887) 282 (MED) He ne hadde neuer er him i-seiȝe; he descreuede him faste a-non, his face and is bodi al-so. c1390 King of Tars (Vernon) l. 706 in (1889) 11 51 (MED) Her is a child, selcouþ discrif, Hit naþ nouþer lyme ne lyf, Ne eȝen for to se. a1400 (a1325) (Fairf. 14) l. 6544 For to discriue [Gött., Trin. Cambr. to se; Vesp. to destru] þaire cursed dede. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. xx. l. 93 Þanne mette þis men..ar heraudes of armes hadden descreued lordes. a1425 J. Wyclif (1871) II. 394 (MED) Sum men han travailid to discryve a pseudo frere, for it is certein þat þe pope wiþ hise wingis distrieþ þe Chirche. a1500 (?a1450) (Harl. 7333) (1879) 84 No man cowde discryve wheþer of hem shuld be Emperour. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More sig. Dviii Also flyinge he shoulde be dyscryued by hys rounding and his eare marke. 1571 in J. Cranstoun (1891) I. xxviii. 47 I was coequall with Achitophall, Or subtill Sinone, knaifrie to discriue. 1591 (?a1425) Annunciation & Nativity (Huntington) in R. M. Lumiansky & D. Mill (1974) I. 103 Loth is mee my wife to shende... For to dyscreeve will I nought, feeblye though shee have wrought. Derivatives society > communication > record > [adjective] > recorded > by description c1449 R. Pecock (1860) 248 Bi the now discriued and tauȝt maner. c1449 R. Pecock (1860) 408 The now bifore discryued tymes. 1671 R. McWard vi. 340 Hundreds..have stumbled upon this your so descrived conjunction of our good works. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  v.?c1225 |
