detentn.¹

/dɪˈtɛnt/

Forms: (Also 1600s detton.)

Etymology: < French détente, Old French destente (Froissart, 14th cent.), derivative of détendre ‘to slacken, unstretch, undo’, in Old French destendre , < des- , Latin dis- privative (compare de- prefix 1f) + tendre to stretch. (In Latin distendĕre the prefix had a different force: see distend v.) The earliest application of the word in French was to the destente of the arbalest or crossbow, whereby the strained string was released and the bolt discharged; hence it was transferred to the analogous part in fire-arms. In English, the word seems to have been viewed as connected with Latin dētinēre, dētent-, and so with detain, detention, and to have been modified in meaning accordingly. The fact that the same part which allows of the escape of that which is detained or held tense, is also often the means of detention, favoured this misconception of the word.

1. gen. A stop or catch in a machine which checks or prevents motion, and the removal of which brings some motor at once into action.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > mechanism > [noun] > part of > projecting part or catch

catch1398

finger1496

catch hook1695

dog1825

detent1832

winglet1835

catch lock1836

trip-catch1880

trip1906

1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic xi. 283 When a spring was touched, so as to release a detent, the figure immediately began to draw.

1832 C. Babbage Econ. Machinery & Manuf. (ed. 2) viii. 57 An apparatus..which..leaves a small dot of ink on the dial-plate whenever a certain stop or detent is pushed in.

1860 Proc. Amer. Philol. Soc. 7 339 A detent shoots the slate back and a new record begins.

1869 Daily News 16 Mar. The handle, on being pulled, releases a detent in the guard's van, which allows a weighted lever to drop and pull up the slack of a chain which communicates with the engine whistle.

1869 Athenæum 25 Dec. 874 A Christmas recollection..more than fifty years old..These boxes..had each a little slit, into which, a halfpenny being dropped, a detent was let go, the box would open, and the pipe might be filled.

1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1879) I. xx. 488 An engineer..loosing a detent, can liberate an amount of mechanical motion [etc.].

1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1879) II. vii. 97 When these crystals are warmed, the detent is lifted, and an outflow of light immediately begins.

2. spec.

Categories »

a. In a gun-lock: see detant n.

b. In clocks and watches: The catch which regulates the striking.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > part(s) of

nut1428

peise1428

plumbc1450

Jack1498

clockwork1516

larum1542

Jack of the clockhouse1563

watch-wheel1568

work1570

plummeta1578

Jack of the clock1581

snail-cam1591

snail-work1591

pointer1596

quarter jack1604

mainspring1605

winder1606

notch-wheel1611

fusee1622

count-wheel1647

jack-wheel1647

frame1658

arbor1659

balance1660

fuse1674

hour-figure1675

stop1675

pallet1676

regulator1676

cock1678

movement1678

detent1688

savage1690

clock1696

pinwheel1696

starred wheel1696

swing-wheel1696

warning-wheel1696

watch1696

watch-part1696

hoop-wheel1704

hour-wheel1704

snail1714

step-wheel1714

tide-work1739

train1751

crutch1753

cannon pinion1764

rising board1769

remontoire1774

escapement1779

clock jack1784

locking plate1786

scapement1789

motion work1795

anchor escapement1798

scape1798

star-wheel1798

recoil escapement1800

recoiling pallet1801

recoiling scapement1801

cannon1802

hammer-tail1805

recoiling escapement1805

bottle jack1810

renovating spring1812

quarter-boy1815

pin tooth1817

solar wheel1819

impulse-teeth1825

pendulum wheel1825

pallet arbor1826

rewinder1826

rack hook1829

snail-wheel1831

quarter bell1832

tow1834

star pulley1836

watch train1838

clock train1843

raising-piece1843

wheelwork1843

gravity escapement1850

jumper1850

vertical escapement1850

time train1853

pin pallet1860

spade1862

dead well1867

stop-work1869

ringer1873

strike-or-silent1875

warning-piece1875

guard-pin1879

pendulum cock1881

warning-lever1881

beat-pin1883

fusee-piece1884

fusee-snail1884

shutter1884

tourbillion1884

tumbler1884

virgule1884

foliot1899

grasshopper1899

grasshopper escapement1899

trunk1899

pin lever1908

clock spring1933

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 374/1 In the Clock..the two Dettons with their Notches, that strike into two Wheel Detton Latches.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Detents, in a Clock, are those stops, which by being lifted up, or let fall down, do lock and unlock the Clock in striking.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 509 When the oil thickens, the spring of the pivot-detents become so affected by it, as to prevent the detent from falling into the wheel quick enough, which causes irregular time, and ultimately a stoppage of the watch.

1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 85 The detent of a chronometer escapement is the piece of steel carrying the stone which detains or locks the escape wheel.

c. In locks.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > lock > part of lock > skip or catch

detainer1850

detent1850

1850 J. Chubb On Constr. Locks & Keys 28 If any one of the tumblers was lifted too high, it overset the detector detent, which by a spring action fastened the bolt.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations, as detent-wheel, detent-catch, detent-work.

ΚΠ

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. at Watch-work The Detent-wheel moves round every Stroke the Clock striketh or sometimes but once in two Strokes.

1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) I. 93 Regard need only be had to the count-wheel, striking-wheel, and detent-wheel.

1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 690/2 A detent-catch falls into the striking-wheel of a clock, and stops it from striking more than the right number of times.

1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 244 The furniture filer also fits the detent work for the hair-triggers.

C2.

detent-joint n. the ‘trigger-joint’ by which the pectoral spine of a siluroid fish is kept erect.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

detentn.²

/dɪˈtɛnt/

Etymology: ? < Latin dētent- participial stem of dētinēre to detain v.

? Restraint; holding back or inhibition.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > [noun]

safety?a1400

detentc1465

custodyc1503

straina1510

safeguard1528

violence?1535

safe custody1536

restrainta1547

detention?1570

retention1572

constraint1590

sickerness1678

deportation1909

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > [noun]

havingeOE

holdc1230

withholdingc1386

restrainingc1390

refraininga1398

repression?a1425

repressing1431

bridlingc1443

restraint1443

restrainc1449

repressurec1487

restingc1503

abstention1521

controlling1523

controlment1525

distrain1531

staying1563

control1564

refrain1568

retention1578

check1579

restrainment1579

refranation1583

cohibition1586

withholdment1640

curbing1661

coercion1827

chastenment1882

detent1907

clamp-down1940

c1465 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 10 Gabull of the chancery begynyth ‘heu mihi!’ that is his preve bande, and detent of treson.

1907 W. James Mem. & Stud. (1911) 256 They are forces of detent in situations in which no other force produces equivalent effects, and each is a force of detent only in a specific group of men.

1929 R. Bridges Test. Beauty iv. 150 A pinprick or a momentary whiff or hairbreadth motion freëth the detent of force.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2018).

† detentadj.

Etymology: < Latin dētentus, past participle of dētinēre to detain v.

Obsolete.

deatined (see detain v. 1b); kept back; ‘holden’ (with infirmity, etc.). In quot. a1513 perhaps past tense.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > [adjective] > in state of ill health or diseased

untrumc825

sickc888

unwholec888

slackc897

unstronga900

sicklea1000

sam-halea1023

worseOE

attaint1303

languishinga1325

heallessc1374

sicklyc1374

sicklewa1387

bada1393

mishalea1400

languoring?c1425

distempered1440

unwell?c1450

detent?a1475

poora1475

languorousc1475

maladif1481

illa1500

maladiousc1500

wanthriven1508

attainted1509

unsound1513

acrazed1521

cracked1527

unsoundya1529

visited1537

infirmed1552

crazed1555

healthless1568

ill-liking1572

afflicted1574

crazy1576

unhealthful1580

sickish1581

valetudinary1581

not well1587

fainty1590

ill-disposed1596

unhealthsome1598

tainted1600

ill-affected1604

peaking1611

unhealthy1611

infirmited1616

disaffected1626

physical1633

illish1637

pimping1640

invalid1642

misaffected1645

valetudinarious1648

unhale1653

badly1654

unwholesome1655

valetudinous1655

morbulent1656

off the hooksa1658

mawkish1668

morbid1668

unthriven1680

unsane1690

ailing1716

not wellish1737

underlya1742

poorly1750

indifferent1753

comical1755

maladized1790

sober1808

sickened1815

broken-down1816

peaky1821

poorlyish1827

souffrante1827

run-down1831

sicklied1835

addle1844

shaky1844

mean1845

dauncy1846

stricken1846

peakyish1853

po'ly1860

pindling1861

rough1882

rocky1883

suffering1885

wabbit1895

icky-boo1920

like death warmed up1924

icky1938

ropy1945

crappy1956

hanging1971

sick as a parrot1982

shite1987

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 361 After that thei be detente with longe infirmite thei be brouȝhte to another yle.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. clxxxiii^v And yet for that his mynde nothynge detent All goostly helthe for his Soule to prouyde.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

n.¹1688

n.²c1465

adj.?a1475

单词	detent
释义	detentn.¹ /dɪˈtɛnt/ Forms: (Also 1600s detton.) Etymology: < French détente, Old French destente (Froissart, 14th cent.), derivative of détendre ‘to slacken, unstretch, undo’, in Old French destendre , < des- , Latin dis- privative (compare de- prefix 1f) + tendre to stretch. (In Latin distendĕre the prefix had a different force: see distend v.) The earliest application of the word in French was to the destente of the arbalest or crossbow, whereby the strained string was released and the bolt discharged; hence it was transferred to the analogous part in fire-arms. In English, the word seems to have been viewed as connected with Latin dētinēre, dētent-, and so with detain, detention, and to have been modified in meaning accordingly. The fact that the same part which allows of the escape of that which is detained or held tense, is also often the means of detention, favoured this misconception of the word. 1. gen. A stop or catch in a machine which checks or prevents motion, and the removal of which brings some motor at once into action. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > mechanism > [noun] > part of > projecting part or catch catch1398 finger1496 catch hook1695 dog1825 detent1832 winglet1835 catch lock1836 trip-catch1880 trip1906 1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic xi. 283 When a spring was touched, so as to release a detent, the figure immediately began to draw. 1832 C. Babbage Econ. Machinery & Manuf. (ed. 2) viii. 57 An apparatus..which..leaves a small dot of ink on the dial-plate whenever a certain stop or detent is pushed in. 1860 Proc. Amer. Philol. Soc. 7 339 A detent shoots the slate back and a new record begins. 1869 Daily News 16 Mar. The handle, on being pulled, releases a detent in the guard's van, which allows a weighted lever to drop and pull up the slack of a chain which communicates with the engine whistle. 1869 Athenæum 25 Dec. 874 A Christmas recollection..more than fifty years old..These boxes..had each a little slit, into which, a halfpenny being dropped, a detent was let go, the box would open, and the pipe might be filled. 1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1879) I. xx. 488 An engineer..loosing a detent, can liberate an amount of mechanical motion [etc.]. 1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1879) II. vii. 97 When these crystals are warmed, the detent is lifted, and an outflow of light immediately begins. 2. spec. Categories » a. In a gun-lock: see detant n. b. In clocks and watches: The catch which regulates the striking. ΘΚΠ the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > part(s) of nut1428 peise1428 plumbc1450 Jack1498 clockwork1516 larum1542 Jack of the clockhouse1563 watch-wheel1568 work1570 plummeta1578 Jack of the clock1581 snail-cam1591 snail-work1591 pointer1596 quarter jack1604 mainspring1605 winder1606 notch-wheel1611 fusee1622 count-wheel1647 jack-wheel1647 frame1658 arbor1659 balance1660 fuse1674 hour-figure1675 stop1675 pallet1676 regulator1676 cock1678 movement1678 detent1688 savage1690 clock1696 pinwheel1696 starred wheel1696 swing-wheel1696 warning-wheel1696 watch1696 watch-part1696 hoop-wheel1704 hour-wheel1704 snail1714 step-wheel1714 tide-work1739 train1751 crutch1753 cannon pinion1764 rising board1769 remontoire1774 escapement1779 clock jack1784 locking plate1786 scapement1789 motion work1795 anchor escapement1798 scape1798 star-wheel1798 recoil escapement1800 recoiling pallet1801 recoiling scapement1801 cannon1802 hammer-tail1805 recoiling escapement1805 bottle jack1810 renovating spring1812 quarter-boy1815 pin tooth1817 solar wheel1819 impulse-teeth1825 pendulum wheel1825 pallet arbor1826 rewinder1826 rack hook1829 snail-wheel1831 quarter bell1832 tow1834 star pulley1836 watch train1838 clock train1843 raising-piece1843 wheelwork1843 gravity escapement1850 jumper1850 vertical escapement1850 time train1853 pin pallet1860 spade1862 dead well1867 stop-work1869 ringer1873 strike-or-silent1875 warning-piece1875 guard-pin1879 pendulum cock1881 warning-lever1881 beat-pin1883 fusee-piece1884 fusee-snail1884 shutter1884 tourbillion1884 tumbler1884 virgule1884 foliot1899 grasshopper1899 grasshopper escapement1899 trunk1899 pin lever1908 clock spring1933 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 374/1 In the Clock..the two Dettons with their Notches, that strike into two Wheel Detton Latches. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Detents, in a Clock, are those stops, which by being lifted up, or let fall down, do lock and unlock the Clock in striking. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 509 When the oil thickens, the spring of the pivot-detents become so affected by it, as to prevent the detent from falling into the wheel quick enough, which causes irregular time, and ultimately a stoppage of the watch. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 85 The detent of a chronometer escapement is the piece of steel carrying the stone which detains or locks the escape wheel. c. In locks. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > lock > part of lock > skip or catch detainer1850 detent1850 1850 J. Chubb On Constr. Locks & Keys 28 If any one of the tumblers was lifted too high, it overset the detector detent, which by a spring action fastened the bolt. Compounds C1. attributive and in other combinations, as detent-wheel, detent-catch, detent-work. ΚΠ 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. at Watch-work The Detent-wheel moves round every Stroke the Clock striketh or sometimes but once in two Strokes. 1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) I. 93 Regard need only be had to the count-wheel, striking-wheel, and detent-wheel. 1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 690/2 A detent-catch falls into the striking-wheel of a clock, and stops it from striking more than the right number of times. 1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 244 The furniture filer also fits the detent work for the hair-triggers. C2. detent-joint n. the ‘trigger-joint’ by which the pectoral spine of a siluroid fish is kept erect. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online June 2022). detentn.² /dɪˈtɛnt/ Etymology: ? < Latin dētent- participial stem of dētinēre to detain v. ? Restraint; holding back or inhibition. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > [noun] safety?a1400 detentc1465 custodyc1503 straina1510 safeguard1528 violence?1535 safe custody1536 restrainta1547 detention?1570 retention1572 constraint1590 sickerness1678 deportation1909 society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > [noun] havingeOE holdc1230 withholdingc1386 restrainingc1390 refraininga1398 repression?a1425 repressing1431 bridlingc1443 restraint1443 restrainc1449 repressurec1487 restingc1503 abstention1521 controlling1523 controlment1525 distrain1531 staying1563 control1564 refrain1568 retention1578 check1579 restrainment1579 refranation1583 cohibition1586 withholdment1640 curbing1661 coercion1827 chastenment1882 detent1907 clamp-down1940 c1465 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 10 Gabull of the chancery begynyth ‘heu mihi!’ that is his preve bande, and detent of treson. 1907 W. James Mem. & Stud. (1911) 256 They are forces of detent in situations in which no other force produces equivalent effects, and each is a force of detent only in a specific group of men. 1929 R. Bridges Test. Beauty iv. 150 A pinprick or a momentary whiff or hairbreadth motion freëth the detent of force. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2018). † detentadj. Etymology: < Latin dētentus, past participle of dētinēre to detain v. Obsolete. deatined (see detain v. 1b); kept back; ‘holden’ (with infirmity, etc.). In quot. a1513 perhaps past tense. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > [adjective] > in state of ill health or diseased untrumc825 sickc888 unwholec888 slackc897 unstronga900 sicklea1000 sam-halea1023 worseOE attaint1303 languishinga1325 heallessc1374 sicklyc1374 sicklewa1387 bada1393 mishalea1400 languoring?c1425 distempered1440 unwell?c1450 detent?a1475 poora1475 languorousc1475 maladif1481 illa1500 maladiousc1500 wanthriven1508 attainted1509 unsound1513 acrazed1521 cracked1527 unsoundya1529 visited1537 infirmed1552 crazed1555 healthless1568 ill-liking1572 afflicted1574 crazy1576 unhealthful1580 sickish1581 valetudinary1581 not well1587 fainty1590 ill-disposed1596 unhealthsome1598 tainted1600 ill-affected1604 peaking1611 unhealthy1611 infirmited1616 disaffected1626 physical1633 illish1637 pimping1640 invalid1642 misaffected1645 valetudinarious1648 unhale1653 badly1654 unwholesome1655 valetudinous1655 morbulent1656 off the hooksa1658 mawkish1668 morbid1668 unthriven1680 unsane1690 ailing1716 not wellish1737 underlya1742 poorly1750 indifferent1753 comical1755 maladized1790 sober1808 sickened1815 broken-down1816 peaky1821 poorlyish1827 souffrante1827 run-down1831 sicklied1835 addle1844 shaky1844 mean1845 dauncy1846 stricken1846 peakyish1853 po'ly1860 pindling1861 rough1882 rocky1883 suffering1885 wabbit1895 icky-boo1920 like death warmed up1924 icky1938 ropy1945 crappy1956 hanging1971 sick as a parrot1982 shite1987 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 361 After that thei be detente with longe infirmite thei be brouȝhte to another yle. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. clxxxiii^v And yet for that his mynde nothynge detent All goostly helthe for his Soule to prouyde. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹1688n.²c1465adj.?a1475
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detentn.1

Compounds

detentn.2

† detentadj.

detentn.¹

detentn.²