diazoniumn.
/dʌɪəˈzəʊnɪəm/ Chemistry.
A formative used in chemical nomenclature to denote the ion —N2+ attached to a carbon atom in an organic compound (usually an aromatic one, as benzenediazonium chloride, C6H5N2+Cl−). Hence used attributively, as diazonium compound, any of the compounds containing this group, some of which are commercially important, being prepared by diazotization and used in the manufacture of azo dyes and in chemical synthesis.
ΚΠ
1895 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 68 i. 516 (title) Diazonium Compounds and Normal Diazo-compounds.
1895 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 68 i. 516 The salts of diazobenzene with oxy-acids..contain the radicle N⋮NPh, which is strictly analogous to ammonium, behaving in all respects as a compound alkali-metal, and may therefore be termed ‘diazonium’.
1895 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 68 i. 517 Benzenediazonium mercurochloride, PhN2·HgCl3.
1908 J. C. Cain Chem. Diazo-compounds xviii. 133 Hantzsch..adopted Blomstrand's formula for the diazo-salts. He preferred also to call these ‘diazonium’ salts.
1938 G. H. Richter Textbk. Org. Chem. xxiv. 509 For most purposes the diazonium salts are not isolated; the solution is employed for whatever purpose is required... The pure dry diazonium salts are quite explosive.
1964 N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xxii. 460 On adding a diazonium salt solution to a solution of a phenol in aqueous sodium hydroxide, an azo-compound is formed... Compounds of this type are highly coloured, and are used as dyes.
1965 Economist 22 May 942/3 Ultra-violet light shone on the original, passes through the plain bits and decomposes a diazonium compound coating on the copy paper beneath.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online September 2018).
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