deformationn.

/diːfɔːˈmeɪʃən/

Forms: Also Middle English diff-, 1500s dyff-.

Etymology: < Latin dēformātiōn-em (in medieval Latin also dif- ), noun of action < Latin dēformāre to deform v.¹ Compare French déformation (14th cent. in Hatzfeld, and in Cotgrave); admitted into Dict. Acad. 1835.

1. The action (or result) of deforming or marring the form or beauty of; disfigurement, defacement.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > lack of beauty > disfigurement > [noun]

disfigurec1386

deformationc1440

defoulinga1450

disfiguring1526

deforming1552

disfiguredness1565

disgrace1581

defiguration1585

defeature1593

disfigurement1637

disfiguration1653

reprobation1774

uglification1820

desightment1828

deform1831

disfeaturement1884

c1440 J. Lydgate Secrees 500 Difformacyons of Circes and meede.

1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Deformation, a spoiling.

1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 86 If by these meanes of deformation thy heart shall be set off from her.

1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 96 Which deformation is so pleasing to their Eyes, that men..are commonly seen with their Eares so arrayed.

1734 I. Watts Reliquiæ Juveniles (1789) 85 Could you..recover them from the deformations and disgraces of time.

1877 J. D. Chambers Divine Worship Eng. 13 The deformations perpetrated by Wyatt [in a building].

a. Alteration of form for the worse; esp., in controversial use, the opposite of reformation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > misshapenness > [noun] > action or fact of putting or being out of shape

deformation1551

disquaring1604

misfigure1857

disformation1890

1551 J. Bale Actes Eng. Votaryes: 2nd Pt. f. xlviij^v Johan Capgraue writeth, y^t a great reformacyon (a dyfformacyon he shulde haue sayd) was than in the Scottish churche.

1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) ii. 81 To seeme young..[they] convert their silver haires into golden ones..this their transformation or rather deformation [etc.].

a1638 J. Mede Disc. Divers Texts xlii, in Wks. (1677) 236 These are the Serpents first-born.. begotten..by spiritual deformation, as they are Devils.

1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 272 The great Work of Reformation, or rather Deformation in the Worship of God.

1774 A. Gib Present Truth II. 246 The grievous deformation which has been taking place in the Church state.

1832 R. Whately in E. J. Whately Life & Corr. R. Whately (1866) I. 153 A most extensive ecclesiastical reformation (or deformation, as it may turn out).

1891 W. Lockhart Chasuble 7 Before the Protestant Deformation of religion in the sixteenth century.

b. An altered form of a word in which its proper form is for some purpose perverted:e.g. the various deformations of the word God, as 'od, cod, dod, cot, cock, cop, etc., formerly so common in asseverations, etc., to avoid overt profanity of language, and the breach of the Third Commandment, or of statutes such as that of 3 James I, c. 21 ‘For the preventing and avoiding of the great abuse of the holy name of God in stage-plays, interludes’ [etc.].

a. Alteration of form or shape; relative displacement of the parts of a body or surface without breach of continuity; an altered form of.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > stress or force exerted and tending to deform > [noun] > alteration of form or dimensions caused by stress > alteration of form

deformation1846

1846 A. Cayley Wks. I. 234 Two skew surfaces are said to be deformations of each other, when for corresponding generating lines the torsion is always the same.

1857 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. (ed. 3) III. 54 The isogonal curves may be looked upon as deformations of the curve.

1869 T. L. Phipson tr. A. Guillemin Sun (1870) 81 The deformation of the solar disc by refraction.

1893 A. R. Forsyth Theory Functions Complex Variable 333 In the continuous Deformation of a surface there may be stretching and there may be bending; but there must be no joining.

1900 Proc. Royal Soc. 1899 65 90 ‘Flow’ or non-elastic deformation in metals.

1916 C. A. Edwards Physico-chem. Properties Steel xi. 125 One of the most useful properties possessed by metals is the facility with which they undergo plastic deformation when pressed, hammered, or rolled.

1953 L. Aitchison & W. I. Pumphrey Engin. Steels ix. 364 The deformation or warping is also partly attributable to the thermal stresses which are set up in the metal.

1967 H. J. Stern Rubber (ed. 2) xi. 490 Rapidly alternating stresses or deformations..give rise to the development of heat in the rubber.

1968 J. M. Coulson & J. F. Richardson Chem. Engin. (ed. 2) II. iv. 152 Deformation of the drop is opposed by the surface tension forces so that very small drops retain their spherical shape.

b. Botany. Any malformation or abnormal growth.

ΚΠ

1862 Once a Week 7 135/2 The calyx, when this deformation is about to take place, has not ceased to exercise its vital power of development.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. Deformation, an alteration in the usual form of an organ by accident or otherwise.

1900 B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms Deformation, a malformation or alteration from the normal sense.

c. Geology. The process by which a stratum, mass of rock, etc., undergoes change of form or structure by being compressed, faulted, folded, etc.; also, the result of this process. Also attributive.

ΚΠ

1882 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. 312 Evidences of actual deformation within the mass of rock.

1904 T. C. Chamberlin & R. D. Salisbury Geol. (1905) I. 547 It is theoretically possible that deformation of the sub-crust may result from the internal transfer of heat without regard to external loss.

1937 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 93 602 Such [sedimentation] fabrics in rocks of this type are never so well marked as deformation fabrics.

1955 Sci. Amer. July 40/1 There is little doubt that these four huge fracture zones resulted from some massive deformation of the earth's crust.

1963 E. S. Hills Elem. Struct. Geol. iv. 77 It is therefore admissible to draw analogies between the mechanics of deformation of such rocks with the deformation of metals, both as to the effects in individual crystals and for the crystal aggregate as a whole.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	deformation
释义	deformationn. /diːfɔːˈmeɪʃən/ Forms: Also Middle English diff-, 1500s dyff-. Etymology: < Latin dēformātiōn-em (in medieval Latin also dif- ), noun of action < Latin dēformāre to deform v.¹ Compare French déformation (14th cent. in Hatzfeld, and in Cotgrave); admitted into Dict. Acad. 1835. 1. The action (or result) of deforming or marring the form or beauty of; disfigurement, defacement. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > lack of beauty > disfigurement > [noun] disfigurec1386 deformationc1440 defoulinga1450 disfiguring1526 deforming1552 disfiguredness1565 disgrace1581 defiguration1585 defeature1593 disfigurement1637 disfiguration1653 reprobation1774 uglification1820 desightment1828 deform1831 disfeaturement1884 c1440 J. Lydgate Secrees 500 Difformacyons of Circes and meede. 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Deformation, a spoiling. 1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 86 If by these meanes of deformation thy heart shall be set off from her. 1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 96 Which deformation is so pleasing to their Eyes, that men..are commonly seen with their Eares so arrayed. 1734 I. Watts Reliquiæ Juveniles (1789) 85 Could you..recover them from the deformations and disgraces of time. 1877 J. D. Chambers Divine Worship Eng. 13 The deformations perpetrated by Wyatt [in a building]. 2. a. Alteration of form for the worse; esp., in controversial use, the opposite of reformation. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > misshapenness > [noun] > action or fact of putting or being out of shape deformation1551 disquaring1604 misfigure1857 disformation1890 1551 J. Bale Actes Eng. Votaryes: 2nd Pt. f. xlviij^v Johan Capgraue writeth, y^t a great reformacyon (a dyfformacyon he shulde haue sayd) was than in the Scottish churche. 1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) ii. 81 To seeme young..[they] convert their silver haires into golden ones..this their transformation or rather deformation [etc.]. a1638 J. Mede Disc. Divers Texts xlii, in Wks. (1677) 236 These are the Serpents first-born.. begotten..by spiritual deformation, as they are Devils. 1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 272 The great Work of Reformation, or rather Deformation in the Worship of God. 1774 A. Gib Present Truth II. 246 The grievous deformation which has been taking place in the Church state. 1832 R. Whately in E. J. Whately Life & Corr. R. Whately (1866) I. 153 A most extensive ecclesiastical reformation (or deformation, as it may turn out). 1891 W. Lockhart Chasuble 7 Before the Protestant Deformation of religion in the sixteenth century. b. An altered form of a word in which its proper form is for some purpose perverted:e.g. the various deformations of the word God, as 'od, cod, dod, cot, cock, cop, etc., formerly so common in asseverations, etc., to avoid overt profanity of language, and the breach of the Third Commandment, or of statutes such as that of 3 James I, c. 21 ‘For the preventing and avoiding of the great abuse of the holy name of God in stage-plays, interludes’ [etc.]. 3. a. Alteration of form or shape; relative displacement of the parts of a body or surface without breach of continuity; an altered form of. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > stress or force exerted and tending to deform > [noun] > alteration of form or dimensions caused by stress > alteration of form deformation1846 1846 A. Cayley Wks. I. 234 Two skew surfaces are said to be deformations of each other, when for corresponding generating lines the torsion is always the same. 1857 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. (ed. 3) III. 54 The isogonal curves may be looked upon as deformations of the curve. 1869 T. L. Phipson tr. A. Guillemin Sun (1870) 81 The deformation of the solar disc by refraction. 1893 A. R. Forsyth Theory Functions Complex Variable 333 In the continuous Deformation of a surface there may be stretching and there may be bending; but there must be no joining. 1900 Proc. Royal Soc. 1899 65 90 ‘Flow’ or non-elastic deformation in metals. 1916 C. A. Edwards Physico-chem. Properties Steel xi. 125 One of the most useful properties possessed by metals is the facility with which they undergo plastic deformation when pressed, hammered, or rolled. 1953 L. Aitchison & W. I. Pumphrey Engin. Steels ix. 364 The deformation or warping is also partly attributable to the thermal stresses which are set up in the metal. 1967 H. J. Stern Rubber (ed. 2) xi. 490 Rapidly alternating stresses or deformations..give rise to the development of heat in the rubber. 1968 J. M. Coulson & J. F. Richardson Chem. Engin. (ed. 2) II. iv. 152 Deformation of the drop is opposed by the surface tension forces so that very small drops retain their spherical shape. b. Botany. Any malformation or abnormal growth. ΚΠ 1862 Once a Week 7 135/2 The calyx, when this deformation is about to take place, has not ceased to exercise its vital power of development. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. Deformation, an alteration in the usual form of an organ by accident or otherwise. 1900 B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms Deformation, a malformation or alteration from the normal sense. c. Geology. The process by which a stratum, mass of rock, etc., undergoes change of form or structure by being compressed, faulted, folded, etc.; also, the result of this process. Also attributive. ΚΠ 1882 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. 312 Evidences of actual deformation within the mass of rock. 1904 T. C. Chamberlin & R. D. Salisbury Geol. (1905) I. 547 It is theoretically possible that deformation of the sub-crust may result from the internal transfer of heat without regard to external loss. 1937 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 93 602 Such [sedimentation] fabrics in rocks of this type are never so well marked as deformation fabrics. 1955 Sci. Amer. July 40/1 There is little doubt that these four huge fracture zones resulted from some massive deformation of the earth's crust. 1963 E. S. Hills Elem. Struct. Geol. iv. 77 It is therefore admissible to draw analogies between the mechanics of deformation of such rocks with the deformation of metals, both as to the effects in individual crystals and for the crystal aggregate as a whole. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.c1440
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