declarev.

Brit.

/dᵻˈklɛː/, U.S.

/dəˈklɛ(ə)r/,

/diˈklɛ(ə)r/

Forms: Also Middle English declar, Scottish disclar, 1500s declair, declayre.

Etymology: < French déclare-r, < Latin dēclārāre to clear up, make clear or evident, < de- prefix 1c + clārus clear, clārāre to make clear. Old French had desclairier , < des- , de- (de- prefix 1f) + clair clear, which was gradually brought, through declairir, declairer, into conformity with the Latin type.

†1. transitive. To make clear or plain (anything that is obscure or imperfectly understood); to clear up, explain, expound, interpret, elucidate.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > expound, explain [verb (transitive)]

arecchec885

unloukOE

overrunOE

sutelec1000

trahtnec1000

unfolda1050

belayc1175

openc1175

onopena1200

accountc1300

undo?a1366

remenea1382

interpret1382

unwrap1387

exploitc1390

enlumine1393

declarec1400

expoundc1400

unplait?c1400

enperc1420

planea1425

clearc1440

exponec1440

to lay outc1440

to give (also carry) lightc1449

unwind1482

expose1483

reducea1500

manifest1530

explicate1531

explaina1535

unlock?1536

dilucidate1538

elucidate1538

illustrate1538

rechec1540

explicate1543

illucidate1545

enucleate1548

unsnarl1555

commonstrate1563

to lay forth1577

straighten1577

unbroid1577

untwist1577

decipherc1586

illuminate1586

enlighten1587

resolvec1592

cipher1594

eliquidate1596

to take (a person) with one1599

rivelc1600

ravel1604

unbowel1606

unmist1611

extricate1614

unbolta1616

untanglea1616

enode1623

unperplexa1631

perspicuate1634

explata1637

unravel1637

esclarea1639

clarify1642

unweave1642

detenebrate1646

dismystery1652

undecipher1654

unfork1654

unparadox1654

reflect1655

enodate1656

unmysterya1661

liquidatea1670

recognize1676

to clear upa1691

to throw sidelight on1726

to throw (also cast, shed) light on (also upon)1731

eclaircise1754

irradiate1864

unbraid1880

predigest1905

to get (something) straight1920

disambiguate1960

demystify1963

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1618 And þaȝ þe mater be merk..He shal de-clar hit also, as hit on clay stande.

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 72 Declarynge & openynge doutis.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Pi If I shulde reherse them..except I shulde also declare them, they shulde nat moche profyte.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 508/2 It is no nede to declare it, the mater is playne ynoughe.

1638 W. Chillingworth Relig. Protestants i. ii. §12. 58 That those [things] which are obscure should remain obscure, untill he please to declare them.

a1691 R. Boyle Wks. (1772) I. 676 To declare this a little, we must assume that the surfaces of such bodies are exactly smooth.

†2. To manifest, show forth, make known; to unfold, set forth (facts, circumstances, etc.); to describe, state in detail; to recount, relate. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > make known

shirec897

i-kenc1000

cryc1300

declarec1340

out-tella1382

commona1387

ascryc1400

commune1423

ventilate?1530

forespeak1546

outcry1567

oyez1599

vent1832

society > communication > information > intimation or making known > intimate or make known (something) [verb (transitive)]

speakc825

areadc885

meldeOE

sayOE

yknowa1225

warnc1275

bekena1300

wraya1300

signifyc1325

declarec1340

to speak outc1384

discuss1389

notifyc1390

bida1400

advertise1447

notice1447

detectc1465

render1481

minister1536

to set outa1540

summonc1540

intimate1548

acquaint1609

phrase1614

voice1629

denote1660

unlade1717

apprise1817

aira1902

society > communication > information > intimation or making known > intimate or make known one's opinions, etc. [verb (reflexive)]

declare1526

publish1598

c1340 R. Rolle Prose Treat. 23 I shalle telle and declare to the a litille of this more opynly.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) v. 53 For to declare ȝou the othere weyes, that drawen toward Babiloyne.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xlii. 140 He declared to them the dethe of his brother.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection Pref. sig. Ai The cause..shalbe more playnly declared in the seconde boke.

1582 Bible (Rheims) Acts xx. 27 For I haue not spared to declare vnto you al the counsel of God.

1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 76 He wrote..somewhat of his owne life: which hee declared [L. exposuit] in thirty books.

1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 1 I will declare their Method of Working.

†3. intransitive. To make exposition or relation of.

ΚΠ

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 128 Of other sterres how they fare, I thinke hereafter to declare.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xvi. 72 Here hafe I talde ȝow and declared of þe Haly Land and of cuntreez þer aboute.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 528 He..To thaim declarde off all this paynfull cas.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) cxxv. 452 The whiche he shewyd to syr Barnarde, and declaryd of the fountayne and gardayne.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xvii. 2 And thre saboth dayes declared of the scriptures unto them.

4. transitive. Of things: To manifest, show, demonstrate, prove.In later quots. there is association with 5.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > prove, demonstrate [verb (transitive)] > be proof of

provea1200

showa1325

declarec1400

verifyc1430

givec1449

persuadea1525

arguea1538

demonstrate1572

argue1585

put1596

evidence1611

evident1643

to make out1795

c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §6. 20 Ȝif any degree in thi zodiak be dirk, [h]is nadire shal declare him.

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1498 The fires whiche þ^t on myn Auter brenne Shull thee declaren..Thyn auenture of loue.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xviii. [xix.] 1 The very heauens declare the glory off God.

1539 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 57 b Suche maner of vomite declareth corruption.

1568 E. Tilney Brief Disc. Mariage (new ed.) sig. Ciij Much babling declareth a foolishe head.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 300 His fair large Front and Eye sublime declar'd Absolute rule.

1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) iv. ii. 338 Many Sceletons..declare that the Cartilago scutiformis..is changed into the hard substance of a Bone.

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 30 Nor track nor path-way might declare That human foot frequented there.

a. To make known or state publicly, formally, or in explicit terms; to assert, proclaim, announce or pronounce by formal statement or in solemn terms.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (transitive)]

speakc900

sayOE

tell?a1160

to put forth?c1225

posea1325

allegec1330

declarec1330

exponec1380

to bring fortha1382

expounda1382

terminec1384

allaya1387

express1386

proport1387

purport1389

cough1393

generalize?a1425

deliverc1454

expremec1470

to show forth1498

promisea1500

term1546

to set forward1560

attribute1563

to throw out1573

quote1575

dictate1599

rendera1616

preport1616

enunciate1623

remonstrate1625

state1642

pronunciate1652

annunciate1763

present1779

enounce1805

report1842

constate1865

lodge1885

outen1951

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 314 Þer foure at Rome ware, to areson þe pape, Þe right for to declare.

1397 Rolls of Parl. III. 378/2 As it is more pleynleche declared in the same Commission.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 75 He suld yat arbytre disclar Off yir twa yat I tauld off ar.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 98 His name of confort I will declair: Welcome, my awin lord thesaurair.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 2147 Qwen the kyng had his counsell declaret to the ende.

1648 Duke of Hamilton in Hamilton Papers (1880) 234 You shall declare in name of this kingdome that they nor their forces will not admitt..the excepted persons.

1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 165 A testator, after declaring his intention to dispose of all his worldly estate.

1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 111 The parliament itself declared in formal language that they would resist any attempt.

b. with complement: a person, etc. (to be) something.

ΚΠ

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 83 To declayre penytent hartys..to be absolvyd from the faut therof.

1656 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age ii. ii. xii. 262 The Chanceller declared him Mayor, as being entred into the fourteenth year of his Age.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 728 That thou in me well pleas'd, declarst thy will Fulfill'd.

1679 Impartial Acct. Trial Earl of Strafford 34 No man hath ever been declared a Traytor, either by King or Parliament, except [etc.].

1765–9 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. i. (1793) I. xvi. 578 When a woman..declares herself with child.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 115 [He] declared himself a member of the Church of Rome.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vi. §4. 312 The end of all punishment he declares to be reformation.

c. to declare war: to make formal and public proclamation of hostilities against (†to) another power.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > war > wage war [verb (intransitive)] > declare war

to proclaim warc1485

to declare war1552

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Declare warres, arma canere, bellum indicere.

1681 J. Salgado Συμβίοσις 6 Of Angels..some declared war against God.

1761 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 21 Nov. (1932) (modernized text) VI. 2388 I have now good reason to believe, that Spain will declare war to us.

1763 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 108 Before the war just now concluded was declared.

1827 Examiner 422/1 France..has formally declared war against Algiers.

1831 Examiner 321/1 The Duke..had declared war.

d. to declare a dividend: to announce officially a (specified) dividend as payable.

a. To state emphatically; to affirm, aver, assert.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > assertion or affirmation > [verb (transitive)]

vowc1330

anferme1340

affirma1382

willa1382

threapc1386

avow1393

to make oneself strongc1425

maintain?c1430

protest1440

traverse1491

assure1509

ferma1525

verc1540

profess1542

enforce1579

justify1579

aver1582

to take on1583

asserta1604

will1614

assevera1618

positive1656

autume1661

declare1709

obtesta1722

predicate1782

asseveratea1847

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 135. ⁋1 He declares, he would rather be in the Wrong with Plato, than in the Right with such Company.

1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 199. ⁋15 One young lady..declared that she scorned to separate her wishes from her acts.

1841 I. D'Israeli Amenities Lit. I. 217 Spenser..declared that the language of Chaucer was the purest English.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. x. 67 Who at first declared four guides to be necessary.

b. Used as a mere asseveration.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > oaths other than religious or obscene

loOE

spi?c1225

how mischance——?c1330

with mischance!c1330

by my hoodc1374

by my sheath1532

by the mouse-foot1550

what the (also a) goodyear1570

bread and salt1575

by Jove1575

in (good) truly1576

by these hilts1598

by the Lord Harry1693

by the pody cody1693

by jingo!1694

splutter1707

by jing!1786

I snore1790

declare1811

by the hokey1825

shiver my timbers1834

by the (great) horn spoon1842

upon my Sam1879

for goodness' sake1885

yerra1892

for the love of Mike1896

by the hokey fiddle1922

knickers1971

1811 L.-M. Hawkins Countess & Gertrude I. i. 8 I declare to goodness.

1839 C. Sinclair Holiday House xv. 300 I declare poor Frisk is going to be sick!

1849 H. W. Longfellow Kavanagh in Prose Wks. (1886) II. xxix. 408 Well, I declare! If it is not Mr. Kavanagh!

1889 Earl of Desart Little Chatelaine II. xxiii. 107 I declare, I long to see your niece.

7. to declare oneself:

a. to avow or proclaim one's opinions, leanings, or intentions.

b. to make known or reveal one's true character, identity, or existence; also figurative of things.

ΚΠ

c1529 T. Wolsey in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. i. II. 5 So declaryng your sylf therin that the world may perceive [etc.].

a1626 F. Bacon Apophthegms in Wks. (1861) VII. 143 In Cæsar's army somewhat the soldiers would have had, yet they would not declare themselves in it, but only demanded a discharge.

a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 237 As Thistles wear the softest Down, To hide their Prickles till they're grown; And then declare themselves and tear Whatever ventures to come near.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 245 We are a considerable body, who, upon a proper occasion, would not fail to declare ourselves.

1883 Standard 7 Sept. 4/6 A politician who could hardly declare himself with frankness without..alienating one or other of the sections of which his Party was composed.

1884 Weekly Times 7 Nov. 2/4 Wherever a spark fell..a little fire promptly declared itself.

c. with for or against, etc. Cf. 8.

ΚΠ

1631 J. Beaulieu Let. in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times Charles I (1848) (modernized text) II. 155 The circle of the Lower Saxony have now declared themselves for him.

1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World Introd. p. vi I..now declared my self on the side of those that were Out-voted.

1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. 303 Alexander..declared himself for Cassander.

1867 S. Smiles Huguenots Eng. & Ireland vii. 167 Protestant children were invited to declare themselves against the religion of their parents.

d. reflexive. To declare one's love for another person; to propose marriage. Cf. declaration n. 3b.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > proposal of marriage > propose marriage [verb (reflexive)]

offer1739

to declare oneself1841

1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. viii. 126 A concerted plot..having for its object the inducing Mr. Swiveller to declare himself in time.

1879 A. Trollope Eye for Eye II. ii. 29 You should have thought of that before you declared yourself to her, Mr. Neville.

1907 M. E. Braddon Dead Love has Chains ii. 40 People were beginning to say ill-natured things about us; and he must either declare himself, or must go away.

1965 C. D. Broad in G. Cummins Swan on Black Sea p. xviii This was his love for Catherine Mary Lyttelton; her tragic death..before he had declared himself.

a. intransitive (for reflexive) to declare for (in favour of), or against: to make known or avow one's sympathy, opinion, or resolution to act, for or against.

ΚΠ

1650 Bp. J. Taylor Rule & Exercises Holy Living ii. §1 63 The internal faculties of will and understanding, decreeing and declaring against them.

1659 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age ii. i. xviii. 216 Poyer, and Powell, formerly for the Parliament..declared against them.

1706 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 3 Apr. A Man..for siding with both Parties…and not declaring..for either.

1754 Earl of Chatham Lett. to Nephew (1804) iv. 23 The adhering..to false and dangerous notions, only because one has declared for them.

1823 C. Lamb in London Mag. May 533/2 He declareth against fish.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 642 Wexford had declared for King William.

1881 G. A. Henty Cornet of Horse xvii. 175 Rupert naturally declared at once for the journey to Paris.

†b. to declare for: to declare oneself a candidate for; to make a bid for. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (intransitive)] > one's opinion or position

opena1382

to show one's mind1492

to speak one's mindc1500

to speak (also give) one's sense1646

position1647

to declare for1669

explain1709

to come out1836

to go on record1867

society > trade and finance > buying > buy [verb (transitive)] > bid for or offer to buy

bidc1200

cheap?c1225

cheapen1574

prize1592

licitate1601

to declare for1669

society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > choose for office [verb (transitive)] > offer oneself for

stand1467

to put ina1616

to declare for1669

1669 S. Pepys Diary 4 Apr. (1976) IX. 508 To discourse of the further quantity of victuals fit to be declared for.

1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome 385 These Fancy's led one Severus..to declare for the Empire.

1769 O. Goldsmith Rom. Hist. II. 457 Those who at first instigated him to declare for the throne.

9. to declare off: to state formally that one is ‘off’ with a bargain or undertaking; to break off an engagement, practice, etc.; to withdraw, back out. colloquial. (Rarely transitive)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose [verb (intransitive)] > withdraw from an engagement or promise

starta1450

fang1522

recidivate1528

to draw back1572

flinch1578

to shrink collar1579

retract1616

to shrink out of the collar1636

renege1651

to fly off1667

to slip (the) collarc1677

to declare off1749

to cry off1775

to back out1807

to fight off1833

crawfish1848

welsh1871

to pull out1884

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xv. ix. 268 Propose Marriage..and she will declare off in a Moment.

1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. xiii. 126 No, I declare off; I'll fight no more.

1791 G. Morris in J. Sparks Life G. Morris (1832) III. 19 I contrived to get clear by declaring off from being a candidate.

1812 Sporting Mag. 39 188 Many declared off their bets.

1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda IV. viii. lxiv. 272 When it came to the point, Mr. Haynes declared off, and there has been no one to take it since.

10. Law.

a. intransitive. To make a declaration or statement of claim as plaintiff in an action. Also with that.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > plead [verb (intransitive)] > make declaration as plaintiff

declare1512

count1669

1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII c. 20 §2 If..eny of theym be non~sute in any of the said Appelis after they have appered and declared in the same.

a1626 F. Bacon Elements Common Lawes (1630) 23 Her demand is of a moitie, and she declares vpon the custome of the Realme.

1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. ii. §151. 67 If an action of Debt be brought by administrators..the declaration shall abate.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 113 The party applying for the prohibition is directed by the court to declare in prohibition.

b. transitive. To make a formal statement constituting or acknowledging (a trust or use).

ΚΠ

1677 Act 29 Chas. II c. 3 §7 That all declarations or creations of trusts or confidences..shall be..proved by some writing, signed by the party who is by law enabled to declare such trust.

1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. 363 If these deeds are made previous to the fine or recovery, they are called deeds to lead the uses; if subsequent, deeds to declare them.

1806 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. VI. 377 Where the trusts and limitations were expressly declared.

c. To make a full and proper statement of or as to (goods liable to duty); to name (such and such dutiable goods) as being in one's possession. transitive and intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > imposition or collecting of duties on goods > exact duty on [verb (transitive)] > declare dutiable goods

declare1714

1714 tr. French Bk. of Rates 158 Without declaring and reporting thereof, and paying the Duties and Customs which they are so subject to.

1762 Universal Mag. Feb. 99 All merchants who shall have in their possession any cod, or other fish..shall..declare the same and deliver an account thereof.

1872 W. D. Howells Their Wedding Journey 279 ‘Perhaps we'd better declare some of these things’..‘I won't declare a thread!’

1894 N.E.D. at Declare Mod. (Revenue Officer), Have you anything to declare?

11.

a. In the game of bezique: To announce (a particular score) by laying down the cards which yield the score; to lay the cards face up on the table for this purpose. transitive or absol.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > play at cards [verb (intransitive)] > actions or tactics > show card(s) to claim score

declare?1870

meld1958

?1870 F. Hardy & J. R. Ware Mod. Hoyle 147 [article Besique] The winner of the trick now declares, if he has anything to declare.

b. transitive and intransitive. Cricket. To close an innings before the usual ten wickets have fallen; originally ‘to declare the innings at an end’.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > bat [verb (intransitive)] > end innings voluntarily

declare1889

1889 Cricketer's Guide 7 On the last day of a double-innings match, or in a one-day match, the batting side may, at any time, declare their innings at an end.

1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 245/2 Declare, to close an innings.

1901 Daily News 5 June 4/4 Warwickshire made 532 for four wickets, and then declared.

1955 Times 15 July 3/3 Barnett showed that he is still worth a few runs before Insole declared.

c. transitive and intransitive. In the game of Bridge, to name the trump suit, or to announce the intention to play ‘no trumps’; in auction or contract bridge, to announce the number of tricks that one intends to make.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > play bridge [verb (intransitive)] > actions or tactics

echo1885

peter1887

declare1895

false-card1902

finesse1902

to go over1902

to go down1905

switch1906

pass1908

exit1930

break1952

shoot1957

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [verb (transitive)] > actions or tactics

declare1895

promote1899

to lead up to1911

to take out1918

squeeze1926

push1927

spread1929

cash1934

overtake1939

underlead1945

finesse1960

1895 ‘Boaz’ Laws of Bridge 10 The dealer, having examined his hand, has the option of declaring what suit shall be trumps, or whether the hand shall be played without trumps.

1899 ‘J. Doe’ Bridge Conventions iii. 21 Before declaring ask yourself the question, Have we a better chance of making 30 than of losing 18?

1899 A. Dunn Bridge 27 The dealer should declare trumps ‘on the top’ of his cards.

1910 Encycl. Brit. IX. 878/1 Bid Euchre... Each player ‘bids’, i.e. declares and makes a certain number of tricks.

d. transitive. ‘In billiards, to name or designate the particulars as to the balls, the pocket, etc. of (a shot about to be played)’ (Webster 1911).

†12. transitive. To clear (a person) of a charge or imputation. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > justification > justify [verb (transitive)] > exculpate

cleansea1000

skere?c1225

unwreea1250

spurge1303

sunyiea1325

disblamec1374

quita1400

whitena1400

emplasterc1405

declare1460

clear1481

absolve1496

purgea1530

free1560

clenge1592

disculp1602

uncharge1604

exonerate1655

exculpate1656

wash1659

excriminate1661

to wipe the mouth of1687

disculpate1693

whitewash1703

rehabilitate1847

1460 W. Worcester in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 204 [We were] mistrusted to oure grete vilanye and rebuke, wheche muste be answerd the causes why and we declared.

1463–4 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) p. lxx Our welbeloved William Plompton Kt. hath truly, sufficiently, & clearly declared himself of all manner matters that have been said or surmised against him, & so we hold him thereof for fully excused & declared.

13. Horse Racing. To announce the withdrawal of (a horse) from a race for which it has been entered; said also intransitive of the horse.

ΚΠ

1847 Weekly Times 9 Oct. Stakes of 10 sovs each, 5 f[orfei]t, and only 3 if declared.

1897 Westm. Gaz. 5 Feb. 9/2 Two Grand National winners have just declared.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	declare
释义	declarev. Brit. /dᵻˈklɛː/, U.S. /dəˈklɛ(ə)r/, /diˈklɛ(ə)r/ Forms: Also Middle English declar, Scottish disclar, 1500s declair, declayre. Etymology: < French déclare-r, < Latin dēclārāre to clear up, make clear or evident, < de- prefix 1c + clārus clear, clārāre to make clear. Old French had desclairier , < des- , de- (de- prefix 1f) + clair clear, which was gradually brought, through declairir, declairer, into conformity with the Latin type. †1. transitive. To make clear or plain (anything that is obscure or imperfectly understood); to clear up, explain, expound, interpret, elucidate. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > expound, explain [verb (transitive)] arecchec885 unloukOE overrunOE sutelec1000 trahtnec1000 unfolda1050 belayc1175 openc1175 onopena1200 accountc1300 undo?a1366 remenea1382 interpret1382 unwrap1387 exploitc1390 enlumine1393 declarec1400 expoundc1400 unplait?c1400 enperc1420 planea1425 clearc1440 exponec1440 to lay outc1440 to give (also carry) lightc1449 unwind1482 expose1483 reducea1500 manifest1530 explicate1531 explaina1535 unlock?1536 dilucidate1538 elucidate1538 illustrate1538 rechec1540 explicate1543 illucidate1545 enucleate1548 unsnarl1555 commonstrate1563 to lay forth1577 straighten1577 unbroid1577 untwist1577 decipherc1586 illuminate1586 enlighten1587 resolvec1592 cipher1594 eliquidate1596 to take (a person) with one1599 rivelc1600 ravel1604 unbowel1606 unmist1611 extricate1614 unbolta1616 untanglea1616 enode1623 unperplexa1631 perspicuate1634 explata1637 unravel1637 esclarea1639 clarify1642 unweave1642 detenebrate1646 dismystery1652 undecipher1654 unfork1654 unparadox1654 reflect1655 enodate1656 unmysterya1661 liquidatea1670 recognize1676 to clear upa1691 to throw sidelight on1726 to throw (also cast, shed) light on (also upon)1731 eclaircise1754 irradiate1864 unbraid1880 predigest1905 to get (something) straight1920 disambiguate1960 demystify1963 c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1618 And þaȝ þe mater be merk..He shal de-clar hit also, as hit on clay stande. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 72 Declarynge & openynge doutis. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Pi If I shulde reherse them..except I shulde also declare them, they shulde nat moche profyte. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 508/2 It is no nede to declare it, the mater is playne ynoughe. 1638 W. Chillingworth Relig. Protestants i. ii. §12. 58 That those [things] which are obscure should remain obscure, untill he please to declare them. a1691 R. Boyle Wks. (1772) I. 676 To declare this a little, we must assume that the surfaces of such bodies are exactly smooth. †2. To manifest, show forth, make known; to unfold, set forth (facts, circumstances, etc.); to describe, state in detail; to recount, relate. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > make known shirec897 i-kenc1000 cryc1300 declarec1340 out-tella1382 commona1387 ascryc1400 commune1423 ventilate?1530 forespeak1546 outcry1567 oyez1599 vent1832 society > communication > information > intimation or making known > intimate or make known (something) [verb (transitive)] speakc825 areadc885 meldeOE sayOE yknowa1225 warnc1275 bekena1300 wraya1300 signifyc1325 declarec1340 to speak outc1384 discuss1389 notifyc1390 bida1400 advertise1447 notice1447 detectc1465 render1481 minister1536 to set outa1540 summonc1540 intimate1548 acquaint1609 phrase1614 voice1629 denote1660 unlade1717 apprise1817 aira1902 society > communication > information > intimation or making known > intimate or make known one's opinions, etc. [verb (reflexive)] declare1526 publish1598 c1340 R. Rolle Prose Treat. 23 I shalle telle and declare to the a litille of this more opynly. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) v. 53 For to declare ȝou the othere weyes, that drawen toward Babiloyne. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xlii. 140 He declared to them the dethe of his brother. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection Pref. sig. Ai The cause..shalbe more playnly declared in the seconde boke. 1582 Bible (Rheims) Acts xx. 27 For I haue not spared to declare vnto you al the counsel of God. 1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 76 He wrote..somewhat of his owne life: which hee declared [L. exposuit] in thirty books. 1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 1 I will declare their Method of Working. †3. intransitive. To make exposition or relation of. ΚΠ 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 128 Of other sterres how they fare, I thinke hereafter to declare. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xvi. 72 Here hafe I talde ȝow and declared of þe Haly Land and of cuntreez þer aboute. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 528 He..To thaim declarde off all this paynfull cas. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) cxxv. 452 The whiche he shewyd to syr Barnarde, and declaryd of the fountayne and gardayne. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xvii. 2 And thre saboth dayes declared of the scriptures unto them. 4. transitive. Of things: To manifest, show, demonstrate, prove.In later quots. there is association with 5. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > prove, demonstrate [verb (transitive)] > be proof of provea1200 showa1325 declarec1400 verifyc1430 givec1449 persuadea1525 arguea1538 demonstrate1572 argue1585 put1596 evidence1611 evident1643 to make out1795 c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §6. 20 Ȝif any degree in thi zodiak be dirk, [h]is nadire shal declare him. c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1498 The fires whiche þ^t on myn Auter brenne Shull thee declaren..Thyn auenture of loue. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xviii. [xix.] 1 The very heauens declare the glory off God. 1539 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 57 b Suche maner of vomite declareth corruption. 1568 E. Tilney Brief Disc. Mariage (new ed.) sig. Ciij Much babling declareth a foolishe head. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 300 His fair large Front and Eye sublime declar'd Absolute rule. View more context for this quotation 1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) iv. ii. 338 Many Sceletons..declare that the Cartilago scutiformis..is changed into the hard substance of a Bone. 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 30 Nor track nor path-way might declare That human foot frequented there. 5. a. To make known or state publicly, formally, or in explicit terms; to assert, proclaim, announce or pronounce by formal statement or in solemn terms. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (transitive)] speakc900 sayOE sayOE tell?a1160 to put forth?c1225 posea1325 allegec1330 declarec1330 exponec1380 to bring fortha1382 expounda1382 terminec1384 allaya1387 express1386 proport1387 purport1389 cough1393 generalize?a1425 deliverc1454 expremec1470 to show forth1498 promisea1500 term1546 to set forward1560 attribute1563 to throw out1573 quote1575 dictate1599 rendera1616 preport1616 enunciate1623 remonstrate1625 state1642 pronunciate1652 annunciate1763 present1779 enounce1805 report1842 constate1865 lodge1885 outen1951 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 314 Þer foure at Rome ware, to areson þe pape, Þe right for to declare. 1397 Rolls of Parl. III. 378/2 As it is more pleynleche declared in the same Commission. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 75 He suld yat arbytre disclar Off yir twa yat I tauld off ar. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 98 His name of confort I will declair: Welcome, my awin lord thesaurair. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 2147 Qwen the kyng had his counsell declaret to the ende. 1648 Duke of Hamilton in Hamilton Papers (1880) 234 You shall declare in name of this kingdome that they nor their forces will not admitt..the excepted persons. 1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 165 A testator, after declaring his intention to dispose of all his worldly estate. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 111 The parliament itself declared in formal language that they would resist any attempt. b. with complement: a person, etc. (to be) something. ΚΠ a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 83 To declayre penytent hartys..to be absolvyd from the faut therof. 1656 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age ii. ii. xii. 262 The Chanceller declared him Mayor, as being entred into the fourteenth year of his Age. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 728 That thou in me well pleas'd, declarst thy will Fulfill'd. View more context for this quotation 1679 Impartial Acct. Trial Earl of Strafford 34 No man hath ever been declared a Traytor, either by King or Parliament, except [etc.]. 1765–9 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. i. (1793) I. xvi. 578 When a woman..declares herself with child. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 115 [He] declared himself a member of the Church of Rome. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vi. §4. 312 The end of all punishment he declares to be reformation. c. to declare war: to make formal and public proclamation of hostilities against (†to) another power. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > war > wage war [verb (intransitive)] > declare war to proclaim warc1485 to declare war1552 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Declare warres, arma canere, bellum indicere. 1681 J. Salgado Συμβίοσις 6 Of Angels..some declared war against God. 1761 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 21 Nov. (1932) (modernized text) VI. 2388 I have now good reason to believe, that Spain will declare war to us. 1763 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 108 Before the war just now concluded was declared. 1827 Examiner 422/1 France..has formally declared war against Algiers. 1831 Examiner 321/1 The Duke..had declared war. d. to declare a dividend: to announce officially a (specified) dividend as payable. 6. a. To state emphatically; to affirm, aver, assert. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > assertion or affirmation > [verb (transitive)] vowc1330 anferme1340 affirma1382 willa1382 threapc1386 avow1393 to make oneself strongc1425 maintain?c1430 protest1440 traverse1491 assure1509 ferma1525 verc1540 profess1542 enforce1579 justify1579 aver1582 to take on1583 asserta1604 will1614 assevera1618 positive1656 autume1661 declare1709 obtesta1722 predicate1782 asseveratea1847 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 135. ⁋1 He declares, he would rather be in the Wrong with Plato, than in the Right with such Company. 1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 199. ⁋15 One young lady..declared that she scorned to separate her wishes from her acts. 1841 I. D'Israeli Amenities Lit. I. 217 Spenser..declared that the language of Chaucer was the purest English. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. x. 67 Who at first declared four guides to be necessary. b. Used as a mere asseveration. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > oaths other than religious or obscene loOE spi?c1225 how mischance——?c1330 with mischance!c1330 by my hoodc1374 by my sheath1532 by the mouse-foot1550 what the (also a) goodyear1570 bread and salt1575 by Jove1575 in (good) truly1576 by these hilts1598 by the Lord Harry1693 by the pody cody1693 by jingo!1694 splutter1707 by jing!1786 I snore1790 declare1811 by the hokey1825 shiver my timbers1834 by the (great) horn spoon1842 upon my Sam1879 for goodness' sake1885 yerra1892 for the love of Mike1896 by the hokey fiddle1922 knickers1971 1811 L.-M. Hawkins Countess & Gertrude I. i. 8 I declare to goodness. 1839 C. Sinclair Holiday House xv. 300 I declare poor Frisk is going to be sick! 1849 H. W. Longfellow Kavanagh in Prose Wks. (1886) II. xxix. 408 Well, I declare! If it is not Mr. Kavanagh! 1889 Earl of Desart Little Chatelaine II. xxiii. 107 I declare, I long to see your niece. 7. to declare oneself: a. to avow or proclaim one's opinions, leanings, or intentions. b. to make known or reveal one's true character, identity, or existence; also figurative of things. ΚΠ c1529 T. Wolsey in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. i. II. 5 So declaryng your sylf therin that the world may perceive [etc.]. a1626 F. Bacon Apophthegms in Wks. (1861) VII. 143 In Cæsar's army somewhat the soldiers would have had, yet they would not declare themselves in it, but only demanded a discharge. a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 237 As Thistles wear the softest Down, To hide their Prickles till they're grown; And then declare themselves and tear Whatever ventures to come near. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 245 We are a considerable body, who, upon a proper occasion, would not fail to declare ourselves. 1883 Standard 7 Sept. 4/6 A politician who could hardly declare himself with frankness without..alienating one or other of the sections of which his Party was composed. 1884 Weekly Times 7 Nov. 2/4 Wherever a spark fell..a little fire promptly declared itself. c. with for or against, etc. Cf. 8. ΚΠ 1631 J. Beaulieu Let. in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times Charles I (1848) (modernized text) II. 155 The circle of the Lower Saxony have now declared themselves for him. 1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World Introd. p. vi I..now declared my self on the side of those that were Out-voted. 1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. 303 Alexander..declared himself for Cassander. 1867 S. Smiles Huguenots Eng. & Ireland vii. 167 Protestant children were invited to declare themselves against the religion of their parents. d. reflexive. To declare one's love for another person; to propose marriage. Cf. declaration n. 3b. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > proposal of marriage > propose marriage [verb (reflexive)] offer1739 to declare oneself1841 1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. viii. 126 A concerted plot..having for its object the inducing Mr. Swiveller to declare himself in time. 1879 A. Trollope Eye for Eye II. ii. 29 You should have thought of that before you declared yourself to her, Mr. Neville. 1907 M. E. Braddon Dead Love has Chains ii. 40 People were beginning to say ill-natured things about us; and he must either declare himself, or must go away. 1965 C. D. Broad in G. Cummins Swan on Black Sea p. xviii This was his love for Catherine Mary Lyttelton; her tragic death..before he had declared himself. 8. a. intransitive (for reflexive) to declare for (in favour of), or against: to make known or avow one's sympathy, opinion, or resolution to act, for or against. ΚΠ 1650 Bp. J. Taylor Rule & Exercises Holy Living ii. §1 63 The internal faculties of will and understanding, decreeing and declaring against them. 1659 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age ii. i. xviii. 216 Poyer, and Powell, formerly for the Parliament..declared against them. 1706 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 3 Apr. A Man..for siding with both Parties…and not declaring..for either. 1754 Earl of Chatham Lett. to Nephew (1804) iv. 23 The adhering..to false and dangerous notions, only because one has declared for them. 1823 C. Lamb in London Mag. May 533/2 He declareth against fish. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 642 Wexford had declared for King William. 1881 G. A. Henty Cornet of Horse xvii. 175 Rupert naturally declared at once for the journey to Paris. †b. to declare for: to declare oneself a candidate for; to make a bid for. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (intransitive)] > one's opinion or position opena1382 to show one's mind1492 to speak one's mindc1500 to speak (also give) one's sense1646 position1647 to declare for1669 explain1709 to come out1836 to go on record1867 society > trade and finance > buying > buy [verb (transitive)] > bid for or offer to buy bidc1200 cheap?c1225 cheapen1574 prize1592 licitate1601 to declare for1669 society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > choose for office [verb (transitive)] > offer oneself for stand1467 to put ina1616 to declare for1669 1669 S. Pepys Diary 4 Apr. (1976) IX. 508 To discourse of the further quantity of victuals fit to be declared for. 1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome 385 These Fancy's led one Severus..to declare for the Empire. 1769 O. Goldsmith Rom. Hist. II. 457 Those who at first instigated him to declare for the throne. 9. to declare off: to state formally that one is ‘off’ with a bargain or undertaking; to break off an engagement, practice, etc.; to withdraw, back out. colloquial. (Rarely transitive) ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose [verb (intransitive)] > withdraw from an engagement or promise starta1450 fang1522 recidivate1528 to draw back1572 flinch1578 to shrink collar1579 retract1616 to shrink out of the collar1636 renege1651 to fly off1667 to slip (the) collarc1677 to declare off1749 to cry off1775 to back out1807 to fight off1833 crawfish1848 welsh1871 to pull out1884 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xv. ix. 268 Propose Marriage..and she will declare off in a Moment. View more context for this quotation 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. xiii. 126 No, I declare off; I'll fight no more. 1791 G. Morris in J. Sparks Life G. Morris (1832) III. 19 I contrived to get clear by declaring off from being a candidate. 1812 Sporting Mag. 39 188 Many declared off their bets. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda IV. viii. lxiv. 272 When it came to the point, Mr. Haynes declared off, and there has been no one to take it since. 10. Law. a. intransitive. To make a declaration or statement of claim as plaintiff in an action. Also with that. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > plead [verb (intransitive)] > make declaration as plaintiff declare1512 count1669 1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII c. 20 §2 If..eny of theym be non~sute in any of the said Appelis after they have appered and declared in the same. a1626 F. Bacon Elements Common Lawes (1630) 23 Her demand is of a moitie, and she declares vpon the custome of the Realme. 1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. ii. §151. 67 If an action of Debt be brought by administrators..the declaration shall abate. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 113 The party applying for the prohibition is directed by the court to declare in prohibition. b. transitive. To make a formal statement constituting or acknowledging (a trust or use). ΚΠ 1677 Act 29 Chas. II c. 3 §7 That all declarations or creations of trusts or confidences..shall be..proved by some writing, signed by the party who is by law enabled to declare such trust. 1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. 363 If these deeds are made previous to the fine or recovery, they are called deeds to lead the uses; if subsequent, deeds to declare them. 1806 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. VI. 377 Where the trusts and limitations were expressly declared. c. To make a full and proper statement of or as to (goods liable to duty); to name (such and such dutiable goods) as being in one's possession. transitive and intransitive. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > imposition or collecting of duties on goods > exact duty on [verb (transitive)] > declare dutiable goods declare1714 1714 tr. French Bk. of Rates 158 Without declaring and reporting thereof, and paying the Duties and Customs which they are so subject to. 1762 Universal Mag. Feb. 99 All merchants who shall have in their possession any cod, or other fish..shall..declare the same and deliver an account thereof. 1872 W. D. Howells Their Wedding Journey 279 ‘Perhaps we'd better declare some of these things’..‘I won't declare a thread!’ 1894 N.E.D. at Declare Mod. (Revenue Officer), Have you anything to declare? 11. a. In the game of bezique: To announce (a particular score) by laying down the cards which yield the score; to lay the cards face up on the table for this purpose. transitive or absol. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > play at cards [verb (intransitive)] > actions or tactics > show card(s) to claim score declare?1870 meld1958 ?1870 F. Hardy & J. R. Ware Mod. Hoyle 147 [article Besique] The winner of the trick now declares, if he has anything to declare. b. transitive and intransitive. Cricket. To close an innings before the usual ten wickets have fallen; originally ‘to declare the innings at an end’. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > bat [verb (intransitive)] > end innings voluntarily declare1889 1889 Cricketer's Guide 7 On the last day of a double-innings match, or in a one-day match, the batting side may, at any time, declare their innings at an end. 1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 245/2 Declare, to close an innings. 1901 Daily News 5 June 4/4 Warwickshire made 532 for four wickets, and then declared. 1955 Times 15 July 3/3 Barnett showed that he is still worth a few runs before Insole declared. c. transitive and intransitive. In the game of Bridge, to name the trump suit, or to announce the intention to play ‘no trumps’; in auction or contract bridge, to announce the number of tricks that one intends to make. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > play bridge [verb (intransitive)] > actions or tactics echo1885 peter1887 declare1895 false-card1902 finesse1902 to go over1902 to go down1905 switch1906 pass1908 exit1930 break1952 shoot1957 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [verb (transitive)] > actions or tactics declare1895 promote1899 to lead up to1911 to take out1918 squeeze1926 push1927 spread1929 cash1934 overtake1939 underlead1945 finesse1960 1895 ‘Boaz’ Laws of Bridge 10 The dealer, having examined his hand, has the option of declaring what suit shall be trumps, or whether the hand shall be played without trumps. 1899 ‘J. Doe’ Bridge Conventions iii. 21 Before declaring ask yourself the question, Have we a better chance of making 30 than of losing 18? 1899 A. Dunn Bridge 27 The dealer should declare trumps ‘on the top’ of his cards. 1910 Encycl. Brit. IX. 878/1 Bid Euchre... Each player ‘bids’, i.e. declares and makes a certain number of tricks. d. transitive. ‘In billiards, to name or designate the particulars as to the balls, the pocket, etc. of (a shot about to be played)’ (Webster 1911). †12. transitive. To clear (a person) of a charge or imputation. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > justification > justify [verb (transitive)] > exculpate cleansea1000 skere?c1225 unwreea1250 spurge1303 sunyiea1325 disblamec1374 quita1400 whitena1400 emplasterc1405 declare1460 clear1481 absolve1496 purgea1530 free1560 clenge1592 disculp1602 uncharge1604 exonerate1655 exculpate1656 wash1659 excriminate1661 to wipe the mouth of1687 disculpate1693 whitewash1703 rehabilitate1847 1460 W. Worcester in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 204 [We were] mistrusted to oure grete vilanye and rebuke, wheche muste be answerd the causes why and we declared. 1463–4 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) p. lxx Our welbeloved William Plompton Kt. hath truly, sufficiently, & clearly declared himself of all manner matters that have been said or surmised against him, & so we hold him thereof for fully excused & declared. 13. Horse Racing. To announce the withdrawal of (a horse) from a race for which it has been entered; said also intransitive of the horse. ΚΠ 1847 Weekly Times 9 Oct. Stakes of 10 sovs each, 5 f[orfei]t, and only 3 if declared. 1897 Westm. Gaz. 5 Feb. 9/2 Two Grand National winners have just declared. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.c1330
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