defiancen.

/dɪˈfʌɪəns/

Forms: Middle English defye-, Middle English defy-, diffi-, diffye-, dyffy-, Middle English–1500s defiaunce, deffyaunce, 1500s diffyans, diffi-, defyance, Middle English– defiance.

Etymology: < Old French defiance, deff-, desf-, the action of defying = Provençal desfiansa , Old Spanish desfianza , Italian disfidanza < Romanic *disfidāntia , < disfidāre , medieval Latin diffidāre : see defy v.¹ and -ance suffix. Modern French défiance in sense of ‘distrust’ appears to be influenced by Latin diffidentia distrust: see diffidence n.

†1.

a. Renunciation of faith, allegiance, or amity; declaration of hostilities. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > [noun] > declaration of

defiancec1300

diffidation1640

c1300 K. Alis. 5545 Alisaunder the wryt behelde, And saugh therinne thretyng belde, And defyeaunce, the thrid day.

c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems 92 (1840) Arbachus..sent to hym, for his mysgovernaunce, Of highe disdayne a ful playne defyaunce.

c1500 Melusine (1895) 350 They lete make a lettre of deffyaunce of whiche the tenour foloweth.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xxxiv. 48 That who soeuer wolde any hurte to other, shuld make his defyance thre dayes before his dede.

1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea lxiv. 161 Spaine broke the peace with England,..and that by Imbargo, which of all kindes of defiances is most reproved, and of least reputation;..the most honorable, is with Trumpet and Herald, to proclaime and denounce the warre by publicke defiance.

1649 J. Milton Tenure of Kings 26 The whole Protestant league raysd open Warr against Charles the fifth..sent him a defiance, renounc'd all faith and allegeance toward him.

†b. at defiance: at enmity or hostility. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > [adverb]

at defiance1556

1556 W. Tyms Let. 28 Aug. in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1570) III. 2078/1 Cleaue vnto him and be at defiance with his enemies the Papistes.

1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales iii. vii. 74 The prouinces at defiance with vs.

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 28 The two Kings..live at defiance, and oft times the poore Savages pay deerely for eithers ambition.

1705 J. Logan in Mem. Hist. Soc. Pennsylvania (1872) X. 58 I have been ever since the sending of that letter..at defiance with him.

2. The act of defying or challenging to fight; a challenge or summons to a combat or contest; a challenge to make good or maintain a cause, assertion, etc. cartel of defiance: see cartel n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > [noun] > challenge to > act of challenging

defyingc1300

defiancec1430

defialc1470

provocation1484

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] > defiance

despitec1380

cartel of defiancec1430

facing1481

facing and bracing1481

bearding1577

dare1594

braving1616

stouting1630

outbraving1631

affront1642

defiance1710

defial1793

bravadoing1809

bravading1812

defiantness1872

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > challenge or challenging > [noun]

challengec1325

challenging1330

defiancec1430

defya1586

provocatory1611

provoke1824

society > armed hostility > [noun] > challenge to

appeala1450

provocation1484

challenge1530

defya1586

gagea1592

dare1594

defiance1597

c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) ii. Prol. 40 a Vertue on fortune maketh a defiaunce.

1587 J. Higgins Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) Brennus xxv To sound defiaunce, fyre, and sword and fight.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. iii. 129 Shall we..send Defiance to the traitor.

1639 T. B. tr. J.-P. Camus Certain Moral Relations in S. Du Verger tr. J.-P. Camus Admirable Events 303 Saluted by a letter of defiance, which marked out the houre and the place where he should come with a second.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Defiance..a challenge to make any impeachment good.

1831 D. Brewster Life I. Newton xii. 214 He could not dispense with answering..Sir Isaac Newton..who had given him a defiance in express terms.

1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. ix. 372 To the king, the pope's conduct appeared a defiance; and as a defiance he accepted it.

3. The act of setting at nought; open or daring resistance offered to authority or any opposing force.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] > defiance

despitec1380

cartel of defiancec1430

facing1481

facing and bracing1481

bearding1577

dare1594

braving1616

stouting1630

outbraving1631

affront1642

defiance1710

defial1793

bravadoing1809

bravading1812

defiantness1872

1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 98. ⁋3 Remarkable for that Piece of good Breeding peculiar to natural Britons, to wit Defiance.

a1714 J. Sharp Wks. VI. Dis. viii. (R.) This open and scandalous violation and defiance of his most sacred fundamental laws.

1883 J. A. Froude Short Stud. IV. i. ix. 105 The open disobedience of the order..could be construed only as defiance.

4. Phr.

a. to bid defiance to: to defy, declare hostility to; to brave, set at nought; so to set at defiance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > defy

stout1303

defy1377

beard1476

brave1546

brag1551

outface1574

to hold (a person) waga1578

dare1580

outbrave1589

bedarea1596

maugre1597

championa1616

to bid defiance to1632

stem1675

bravadea1698

bravo1732

1632 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 4) ii. iii. iii. 341 He set her [sc. Fortune] at defiance euer after.

1667 R. Allestree Causes Decay Christian Piety (1704) xvii. 378 The Novatian heresy..bade such express defiance to apostacy.

1757 Centinel No. 34 The fire of youth..when agitated by any violent passion..sets everything at defiance.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature II. xlvii. 340 The Alps... See how scornfully they look down upon you, and bid defiance to the elements.

1842 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) III. ix. 144 They might have set the Tories at defiance.

b. in defiance of: with daring disregard of; setting at nought.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > in opposition to [preposition] > in defiance of

atour1535

in defiance of1750

in (the) face of1837

1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 75. ⁋15 He carries me the first dish, in defiance of the frowns and whispers of the table.

1816 M. Keating Trav. (1817) I. 15 Clung to..in defiance of reason and sensation.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People iv. §5. 202 Gaveston..was beheaded in defiance of the terms of his capitulation.

†5. Declaration of aversion or contempt; rejection. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > refusal > [noun] > rejection or non-acceptance

renunciation1418

rejectinga1425

reprobationa1425

rejectiona1464

abjection?1529

refute1535

abdication1552

abnegation1554

abrenunciation1557

recusancy1563

repudy1575

offcasting?1591

rejectment1599

defiancea1616

canvass1621

non-acceptation1622

repudiation1640

disacceptance1642

non-acceptance1647

disowning1656

discard1663

disownment1806

unacceptance1865

ding1949

negging1996

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 144 Such a warped slip of wildernesse Nere issu'd from his blood. Take my defiance, Die, perish.

†6. Distrust. Obsolete. rare. [= modern French défiance.]

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > [noun]

ortrowthc1175

ortrowa1200

untrust?c1225

suspicion1303

suspectiona1340

mistrowa1375

overtrowa1375

misfaitha1382

jealousyc1385

suspectc1386

misdoubtingc1390

untrist1390

mistrowinga1393

mistrusta1393

mistrista1400

supposinga1400

untrestc1400

wantrustc1405

diffidencea1425

misdeemingc1450

untrustingc1450

discredence?a1475

surmise1509

suspensea1513

diffidency1537

distrust1548

distrusting1549

misdoubt1558

discredit1567

misgiving1582

scruple1597

disconfidence1620

inconfidence1627

disaffiance1631

non-fiance1643

defiance1662

suspiciencya1690

reservation1719

disfaith1870

méfiance1876

1662 S. Pepys Diary 6 Jan. (1970) III. 4 Major Holmes, who I perceive would fain get to be free and friends with my wife; but I shall prevent it, and she herself hath also a defyance against him.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	defiance
释义	defiancen. /dɪˈfʌɪəns/ Forms: Middle English defye-, Middle English defy-, diffi-, diffye-, dyffy-, Middle English–1500s defiaunce, deffyaunce, 1500s diffyans, diffi-, defyance, Middle English– defiance. Etymology: < Old French defiance, deff-, desf-, the action of defying = Provençal desfiansa , Old Spanish desfianza , Italian disfidanza < Romanic disfidāntia , < disfidāre* , medieval Latin diffidāre : see defy v.¹ and -ance suffix. Modern French défiance in sense of ‘distrust’ appears to be influenced by Latin diffidentia distrust: see diffidence n. †1. a. Renunciation of faith, allegiance, or amity; declaration of hostilities. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > [noun] > declaration of defiancec1300 diffidation1640 c1300 K. Alis. 5545 Alisaunder the wryt behelde, And saugh therinne thretyng belde, And defyeaunce, the thrid day. c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems 92 (1840) Arbachus..sent to hym, for his mysgovernaunce, Of highe disdayne a ful playne defyaunce. c1500 Melusine (1895) 350 They lete make a lettre of deffyaunce of whiche the tenour foloweth. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xxxiv. 48 That who soeuer wolde any hurte to other, shuld make his defyance thre dayes before his dede. 1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea lxiv. 161 Spaine broke the peace with England,..and that by Imbargo, which of all kindes of defiances is most reproved, and of least reputation;..the most honorable, is with Trumpet and Herald, to proclaime and denounce the warre by publicke defiance. 1649 J. Milton Tenure of Kings 26 The whole Protestant league raysd open Warr against Charles the fifth..sent him a defiance, renounc'd all faith and allegeance toward him. †b. at defiance: at enmity or hostility. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > [adverb] at defiance1556 1556 W. Tyms Let. 28 Aug. in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1570) III. 2078/1 Cleaue vnto him and be at defiance with his enemies the Papistes. 1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales iii. vii. 74 The prouinces at defiance with vs. 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 28 The two Kings..live at defiance, and oft times the poore Savages pay deerely for eithers ambition. 1705 J. Logan in Mem. Hist. Soc. Pennsylvania (1872) X. 58 I have been ever since the sending of that letter..at defiance with him. 2. The act of defying or challenging to fight; a challenge or summons to a combat or contest; a challenge to make good or maintain a cause, assertion, etc. cartel of defiance: see cartel n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > [noun] > challenge to > act of challenging defyingc1300 defiancec1430 defialc1470 provocation1484 the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] > defiance despitec1380 cartel of defiancec1430 facing1481 facing and bracing1481 bearding1577 dare1594 braving1616 stouting1630 outbraving1631 affront1642 defiance1710 defial1793 bravadoing1809 bravading1812 defiantness1872 society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > challenge or challenging > [noun] challengec1325 challenging1330 defiancec1430 defya1586 provocatory1611 provoke1824 society > armed hostility > [noun] > challenge to appeala1450 provocation1484 challenge1530 defya1586 gagea1592 dare1594 defiance1597 c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) ii. Prol. 40 a Vertue on fortune maketh a defiaunce. 1587 J. Higgins Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) Brennus xxv To sound defiaunce, fyre, and sword and fight. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. iii. 129 Shall we..send Defiance to the traitor. View more context for this quotation 1639 T. B. tr. J.-P. Camus Certain Moral Relations in S. Du Verger tr. J.-P. Camus Admirable Events 303 Saluted by a letter of defiance, which marked out the houre and the place where he should come with a second. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Defiance..a challenge to make any impeachment good. 1831 D. Brewster Life I. Newton xii. 214 He could not dispense with answering..Sir Isaac Newton..who had given him a defiance in express terms. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. ix. 372 To the king, the pope's conduct appeared a defiance; and as a defiance he accepted it. 3. The act of setting at nought; open or daring resistance offered to authority or any opposing force. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] > defiance despitec1380 cartel of defiancec1430 facing1481 facing and bracing1481 bearding1577 dare1594 braving1616 stouting1630 outbraving1631 affront1642 defiance1710 defial1793 bravadoing1809 bravading1812 defiantness1872 1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 98. ⁋3 Remarkable for that Piece of good Breeding peculiar to natural Britons, to wit Defiance. a1714 J. Sharp Wks. VI. Dis. viii. (R.) This open and scandalous violation and defiance of his most sacred fundamental laws. 1883 J. A. Froude Short Stud. IV. i. ix. 105 The open disobedience of the order..could be construed only as defiance. 4. Phr. a. to bid defiance to: to defy, declare hostility to; to brave, set at nought; so to set at defiance. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > defy stout1303 defy1377 beard1476 brave1546 brag1551 outface1574 to hold (a person) waga1578 dare1580 outbrave1589 bedarea1596 maugre1597 championa1616 to bid defiance to1632 stem1675 bravadea1698 bravo1732 1632 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 4) ii. iii. iii. 341 He set her [sc. Fortune] at defiance euer after. 1667 R. Allestree Causes Decay Christian Piety (1704) xvii. 378 The Novatian heresy..bade such express defiance to apostacy. 1757 Centinel No. 34 The fire of youth..when agitated by any violent passion..sets everything at defiance. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature II. xlvii. 340 The Alps... See how scornfully they look down upon you, and bid defiance to the elements. 1842 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) III. ix. 144 They might have set the Tories at defiance. b. in defiance of: with daring disregard of; setting at nought. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > in opposition to [preposition] > in defiance of atour1535 in defiance of1750 in (the) face of1837 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 75. ⁋15 He carries me the first dish, in defiance of the frowns and whispers of the table. 1816 M. Keating Trav. (1817) I. 15 Clung to..in defiance of reason and sensation. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People iv. §5. 202 Gaveston..was beheaded in defiance of the terms of his capitulation. †5. Declaration of aversion or contempt; rejection. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > refusal > [noun] > rejection or non-acceptance renunciation1418 rejectinga1425 reprobationa1425 rejectiona1464 abjection?1529 refute1535 abdication1552 abnegation1554 abrenunciation1557 recusancy1563 repudy1575 offcasting?1591 rejectment1599 defiancea1616 canvass1621 non-acceptation1622 repudiation1640 disacceptance1642 non-acceptance1647 disowning1656 discard1663 disownment1806 unacceptance1865 ding1949 negging1996 a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 144 Such a warped slip of wildernesse Nere issu'd from his blood. Take my defiance, Die, perish. View more context for this quotation †6. Distrust. Obsolete. rare. [= modern French défiance.] ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > [noun] ortrowthc1175 ortrowa1200 untrust?c1225 suspicion1303 suspectiona1340 mistrowa1375 overtrowa1375 misfaitha1382 jealousyc1385 suspectc1386 misdoubtingc1390 untrist1390 mistrowinga1393 mistrusta1393 mistrista1400 supposinga1400 untrestc1400 wantrustc1405 diffidencea1425 misdeemingc1450 untrustingc1450 discredence?a1475 surmise1509 suspensea1513 diffidency1537 distrust1548 distrusting1549 misdoubt1558 discredit1567 misgiving1582 scruple1597 disconfidence1620 inconfidence1627 disaffiance1631 non-fiance1643 defiance1662 suspiciencya1690 reservation1719 disfaith1870 méfiance1876 1662 S. Pepys Diary 6 Jan. (1970) III. 4 Major Holmes, who I perceive would fain get to be free and friends with my wife; but I shall prevent it, and she herself hath also a defyance against him. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1300
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