decisionn.

Brit.

/dᵻˈsɪʒn/, U.S.

/dᵻˈsɪʒ(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English decisioun, late Middle English–1500s decysyon, late Middle English 1600s decysion, late Middle English– decision, 1500s–1600s desision, 1600s decisione, 1600s decission, 1600s decition, 1600s decyssion, 1600s descition, 1600s descition, 1600s discition; Scottish pre-1700 decesioun, pre-1700 decesioune, pre-1700 decisione, pre-1700 desicioun, pre-1700 desitioun, pre-1700 dischesioun, pre-1700 dississioun, pre-1700 dississiowne, pre-1700 1700s– decision.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French decision; Latin dēcīsiōn-, dēcīsiō.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French decision, French décision judgement with regard to a matter in dispute (1314 in Old French), action of deciding, also the result of that action (14th cent.), determination, resolve (1676), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin dēcīsiōn-, dēcīsiō curtailment, diminishing, settlement, agreement, in post-classical Latin also action of cutting off, partition, part, judicial sentence (6th cent.), division, action of dividing (a636 in Isidore), separation (of the seed) in generation (from 13th cent. in British sources) < dēcīs- , past participial stem of dēcīdere decide v.¹ + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Catalan decisió (1517), Spanish decisión (early 15th cent.), Portuguese decisão (1550), Italian decisione (a1375), all in senses of branch II.With sense 1b compare discission n. With the formal variation compare forms at decide v.¹

†I. Senses relating to decide v.¹ II.

a. Something which has been separated from a larger thing or amount; a fragment or small piece. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1425 ( H. Daniel Liber Uricrisiarum (Wellcome 225) 395 Þe uryn is..full of small greynes... Þai are full lytile & smal, & þai are not ellys bod decisiouns (lytill, small chippyngys) of spum (of froth).

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1009 From rocks and stones along the sea continually, washed and dashed with the waves, therebe decisions passe of some parcels and small fragments [Fr. il s'en aille tousiours quelques loppins & quelques rompures bien delices].

1670 S. Gott Divine Hist. Genesis World x. 315 They were so many particular Decisions, I conceiv that they were so many several Composita made therof, whereby they are all thus different, and several one from another.

b. Separation; the action or fact of cutting something off. Also: an instance of this. Cf. discission n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > [noun]

asunderingeOE

sheddingc1175

twinning?c1225

departingc1300

sunderinga1325

to-dighting1340

partingc1350

disseverancec1374

divisionc1374

severinga1382

departitionc1400

separation1413

sunderance1435

departisonc1440

deceperationa1450

severance1467

dissevering1488

dissever?1507

departurec1515

dividing1526

partition1530

sejunction1532

separatinga1557

sequestration1567

decision1574

divorce1593

disseveration16..

dissevermenta1603

sunderment1603

disparting1611

disunition1611

singling1625

divide1642

severation1649

concisure1656

department1677

secretion1696

abgregation1730

disengagement1791

disassociation1825

dispartment1869

dissociation1877

secernment1894

breakaway1897

delinkage1973

1574 H. Howard Def. Eccl. Regiment in Eng. 89 Titus..referreth absolutely the censure and decision of true and false religion.

1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) x. lvi. 248 By..Decision of the Lymme whence all the bayne did floe.

1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed 221 Human generation..is performed by derivation or decision of part of the substance of the Parent.

1711 Ladies Diary in C. Hutton Diarian Misc. (1775) I. 66 But if by division you make a decision, And the greater by the lesser divide.

II. Senses relating to decide v.¹ I.

a. The action, fact, or process of deciding or bringing to an end a contest, controversy, etc.; judgement with regard to a matter in dispute; settlement, resolution. Also: an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun]

doomc950

redeOE

lookingc1300

assizec1314

judging1357

definitionc1384

man's dayc1384

termination1395

discretiona1400

discussiona1425

decidingc1443

judicial1447

decisionc1454

arbitry1489

determinationa1513

determining1530

decerninga1535

discuss1556

discussment1559

thought1579

decernment1586

arbitrage1601

dijudication1615

crisis1623

decidementa1640

determinatinga1640

discernment1646

syndication1650

judication1651

dijudicatinga1656

adjudicature1783

call1902

c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 169 (MED) Þerfore þe decisioun and determynacioun herof is in ‘þe book of feiþ’ in latyn.

1493 in J. Robertson Illustr. Topogr. & Antiq. Aberdeen & Banff (1847) II. 212 For the decisione of the landis debatabile.

a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) i. xiii. f. 9 (MED) After gret prosesse finished, and þe ful decision of many gret causes and quareles þat wer moved.

a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) i. xxx. f. 25 (MED) In decision & styntyng of alle maner striff, I take al the meriteis, [etc.].

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 128 Thys causyth sutys to be long in decysyon.

1633 W. Prynne Histrio-mastix ii. 956 Declining their owne particular discitions to avoyd all partiality.

1644 W. Prynne & C. Walker True Relation Prosecution N. Fiennes 118 The supreame Councell of the Realme to whose descition it belongeth.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xviii. 91 The decision of Controversies.

1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. i. 15 In the decision of private causes.

1833 H. Martineau Manch. Strike (new ed.) vii. 73 For the decision of questions daily arising.

1894 A. H. Todd Parl. Govt. in Brit. Colonies (ed. 2) viii. 250 To formally annex to Queensland..that portion of New Guinea and the adjacent islands not occupied by the Dutch, pending a decision of the question by the Imperial government.

1905 Labor Bull. Mass. June 142/1 The W. L. Douglas Shoe Co. shall suffer no interruption of business during the decision of any dispute or grievance.

1972 F. N. Stites Private Interest & Public Gain v. 68 All parties wanted a decision of the question in 1818.

2007 Internat. Legal Materials 46 199 [The judge] informed the President of the Court..that he considered that he should not take part in the decision of the case.

b. The action, fact, or process of arriving at a conclusion regarding a matter under consideration; the action or fact of making up one's mind as to an opinion, course of action, etc.; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > [noun]

resolvinga1398

resolutiona1475

decision1490

determination1548

resolve1818

making-up1841

the mind > will > decision > [noun] > (a) resolution or decision

resolutiona1475

decreetc1475

decision1490

shall?1553

deliberation1579

resolve1592

pitch1600

volition1615

1490 W. Caxton tr. Boke yf Eneydos vi. sig. Bvii^v He hath not rendred the reason, or made ony decysion to approue better the his than that other.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lxxx^v Fyrst they treated of Religion, and after muche decision, a decree was made, as we shall tell you hereafter.

a1677 I. Barrow Several Serm. Evil-speaking (1678) viii. 57 The decision of such Matters is to be reserved to those, who by study and experience have attained peculiar Faculties to do it respectively.

a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1683) 154 Of these [barrows] and the like Hills there can be no assured decision without an ocular exploration and subterraneous enquiry.

1768 J. Byron Narr. Patagonia 133 I leave it to the decision of the gentlemen of the faculty.

1821 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 391 In all the more important decisions of the will, we are influenced by special reasons for each separate act.

1899 C. S. Buell Essent. of Psychol. xii. 222 This deciding by refusing or neglecting to decide is apt to be just as fatal as hasty decision.

1955 G. Greene Quiet Amer. iii. ii. 240 It seemed..that no decision would ever be simple again.

1981 Kokomo (Indiana) Trib. 24 June 6/3 Considering the risks the kind and quantity of weapons we sell to Peking should be a matter of careful decision.

2007 H. Winkler & L. Oliver Who ordered this Baby? 102 I had to decide whether to break the cookie in half so that one side was all chocolate and the other was all vanilla... This is a decision I go through every time I get a black-and-white.

3. The result of this action or process; that which has been decided; a conclusion, a judgement, a resolution; a choice.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > a judgement, ruling

doomc825

judging1357

verdictc1386

determination1395

judgement?a1400

skillc1400

decision1467

date1488

arrest1509

resolution1545

pronouncement1593

resultance1610

decreea1642

placit1641

pronounce1641

placitum1649

vardy1738

deliverance1856

1467 T. Howes in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 564 Thomas maketh thys declaracion yn adnullyng the decysion of the said pretended [pretended interl. in hand of W. Worcester] testament and wyll nuncupatife for the discharge of hys concience.

1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. Pref. The decisiouns and determinatiouns of general counsallis.

1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. to Rdr. sig. B2 Then his word were an Oracle, his opinion a decision.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xlii. 311 To compell men to obey his Decisions.

1710 H. Prideaux Orig. & Right Tithes ii. 42 The Decisions of Judges..are made the standing Rules.

1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 95 I have not been able to discover more than one dictum and one decision in favour of the distinction.

1868 Riverside Mag. May 201/1 Both the boys were very sorry that they had not stopped at the village. ‘It was a bad decision,’ said Elvie.

1886 St. G. Stock tr. Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics iii. i. 43 It is hard at times to decide what sort of thing one should choose..and still harder to abide by one's decisions.

1935 H. Edib Clown & his Daughter xlv. 258 By the time she had touched the rock-bottom of misery she had also reached a decision.

1964 Mod. Law Rev. 28 iii. 376 He uses his knowledge of English decisions..to good effect.

2008 R. Beard Becoming Drusilla (2009) vii. 157 Dropping out sounds like a good decision, and over the next few years Dru is frequently hitching, and sleeping in fields under banana moons.

4. Sport.

a. With for. The action or process of deciding the outcome of a game, race, etc.

ΚΠ

1717 L. Eusden in J. Dryden et al. tr. Ovid Metamorphoses x. 366 Now but a little Interval of Space Remain'd for the Decision of the Race.

1789 World 17 Feb. The match is proposed for decision at the next Spring-Meeting.

1805 Ipswich Jrnl. 7 Dec. On Wednesday came on for decision a match which had excited much interest in the sporting world, and which, amongst that community, is denominated a steeple race.

1866 Golfer's Year Bk. 65 Each round consisted of 7 holes, and four rounds were fixed on for the decision of the Tournament.

1932 St. George's Gaz. Feb. 26 There were seven races for decision.

2012 Queensland Times (Nexis) 19 May 40 Tonight there are 10 races for decision and total prizemoney of $428,000 up for grabs.

b. North American. An outcome or result; esp. a victory, a win.

ΚΠ

1888 Wildwood's Mag. Oct. 293/2 If at the end of this 30 minutes no decision is again reached, they [sc. the dogs] shall run another 30 minutes, and so on until a decision is reached.

1893 Athletes' Guide viii. 47 In case of a second tie, three more trials shall be allowed, and so on until a decision is reached.

1929 Berkeley (Calif.) Daily Gaz. 16 Sept. Dorothy Weisel of Sacramento..took a brilliant decision from Miss Josephine Cruikshank of this city by scores of 6–2, 6–3.

1994 Associated Press Worldstream (Nexis) 19 Dec. The Cowboys have beaten the Giants five straight, including a 38–10 decision at Dallas earlier this year.

2012 Gallipolis (Ohio) Daily Tribune (Nexis) 28 Jan. The Gallia Academy boys basketball team dropped its seventh straight decision Friday night during a 63–50 setback to host Logan.

c. In Boxing or other combat sports. Victory awarded to the competitor with the most number of points gained over the course of a match. Cf. decision v., no-decision n. (a) at no adj. Compounds 4.In Boxing, esp. in the absence of a knockout or technical knockout; cf. on points at point n.¹ 8f.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [noun] > points decision or win

decision1911

points victory1918

points win1935

split decision1970

1911 Our Navy (U.S.) Mar. 28/1 The Pole got the decision as the conditions of the match were that Hackenschmidt was to throw his opponent twice in an hour and a half.

1918 Stars & Stripes 29 Mar. 6/2 Burge gained the decision over him and was a made man.

1962 Life 5 Oct. 96/2 I fought Willard... I blinded him with footwork and got the decision.

2013 J. Jarrett Toy Bulldog xiv. 101 Two no-decision bouts in Newark and St. Paul, and one in Boston, where Malone took the decision.

d. Baseball. An instance of a pitcher recording a win or a loss. Cf. no-decision n. (b) at no adj. Compounds 4.

ΚΠ

1918 Atlanta (Georgia) Constit. 27 Jan. b7/5 (heading) Eddie Plank in 17 Years of His Big League Pitching Has Won 324 Decisions.

1968 Baseball Digest Mar. 64/1 During the next seven weeks that started on May 19, he lost ten straight decisions before righting himself with a five-hitter against the Orioles.

1992 N. Ryan & J. Jenkins Miracle Man xiv. 170 The DH [= designated hitter] gives a pitcher an opportunity to win more ball games, get more decisions, and pitch more innings.

2014 Pittsburgh Post-Gaz. (Nexis) 30 Aug. d4 Verlander (12-11) beat the White Sox for the 14th time in 18 decisions since June 10, 2009—the most wins by any pitcher against a single team in that span.

5. Determination, firmness, resolve; decidedness of character.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > resolution or determination > [noun]

willOE

businessa1387

wilfulnessc1386

restc1400

point1477

appointmenta1535

firmitude?1541

resoluteness?1560

resolve1592

resolution1594

constancy1603

resolvance1603

resolvedness1611

intensiona1619

determinateness1652

decisiveness1714

determinedness1747

decision1770

decidedness1800

setness1818

determinativeness1821

determination1822

virtu1876

the courage of one's convictions or opinions1878

self-determination1890

adamancy1898

drivenness1902

adamance1925

1770 ‘Junius’ in Public Advertiser 14 Feb. You meanly evaded the Question, and, instead of the explicit Firmness and Decision of a K—, gave us nothing but the Misery of a ruined Grazier.

1781 E. Burke Let. in Corr. (1963) IV. 373 We want Courage and decision of mind.

1805 J. Foster Ess. ii. (title) Decision of Character.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits iv. 72 On the English face are combined decision and nerve.

1891 ‘J. S. Winter’ Lumley vi. 41 ‘Oh, Vere is not going for weeks—weeks,’ declared Mrs. Jock with great decision.

1934 V. M. Yeates Winged Victory i. ix. 86 An Avro would do anything you wanted..if you kicked the rudder with decision.

1962 Bakersfield Californian 23 May 31/3 Grover could act with great decision when the mood struck him.

2002 C. L. Anslow in C. C. Kroeger & M. J. Evans IVP Women's Bible Comm. 216/2 Throughout the Bible we see women acting with decision.

Phrases

P1. to make a decision: to decide; to come to a judgement, conclusion, or resolution.

ΚΠ

1612 R. Parsons Discuss. Answere William Barlow i. i. 62 What did the Pope more in this case then this? making a decision by counsaile of his learned men, according to Christian law.

1693 Hist. Fr. La Chaise 173 The General Council of Lion also, has made a Decision upon this Point.

1771 Gentleman's & London Mag. Nov. 668/1 They had acted right in it, upon the principles of the law as it stood when they made the decision.

1831 J. B. Frazer Persian Adventurer I. x. 137 An incident..occurred, which forced her to make a quick decision.

1862 Congress. Globe 23 May 2309/3 I do not suppose that any one under God's canopy would make any such decision.

1921 Better Waists Nov. 15/1 A decision was made that the Service Bureau meetings should be held more frequently.

1967 N. Freeling Strike Out 36 She makes the decisions.

1976 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 10 Apr. 7/1 If Canada can't take the time to make an informed decision about what is going to happen to our northland, then what has Canada got time for?

2009 V. Coren For Richer for Poorer vii. 96 You get to see what the other players are doing before you make a decision.

P2. to take a decision: = to make a decision at Phrases 1.

ΚΠ

1795 Courier & Evening Gaz. 10 Apr. Endeavouring to throw on me the censure of having ‘changed the decided points on which I had taken my decision to embark’.

1819 Niles' Weekly Reg. 25 Dec. 276/1 It has not been possible for it to take a decision upon it until it had previously instituted a full investigation.

1894 B. Saunders Life & Lett. James Macpherson xiii. 286 The Opposition successfully objected that..a fresh examination should take place before any decision was taken.

1929 E. Wharton Let. 25 Feb. (1988) 519 I have just taken the momentous decision to sail on the Minnewaska.

1968 Brit. Med. Bull. 24 252/2 A computer can be used to take procedural decisions during the test itself.

2005 Independent 19 Mar. 44/1 America took the decisions which largely shaped the post-war world.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

ΚΠ

1875 I. E. Page Fulness of Grace iv. 41 It is thus with the decision-point in full consecration.

1932 Illinois Law Rev. 27 388 One judge whose decisions have a splendid reputation for their ‘fairness and justice’ described his initial attitude in the decision process.

1963 Christian Sci. Monitor 18 Feb. 1/5 Before making a loan to a country the decision factors must be isolated.

1994 Face Jan. 56/2 When it came to decision time, he toyed with reading Politics at university.

2002 D. Goleman et al. Business: Ultimate Resource 1231/2 Dynamic programming divides the problem into sub-problems or decision stages that can be addressed sequentially.

C2. Objective with verbal or agent noun; cf. Phrases 1, Phrases 2.

decision maker n.

ΚΠ

1902 Lowell (Mass.) Sun 11 June 7/1 Umpire Rudderham was the officiating decision maker.

1938 S. Chase Tyranny of Words xviii. 233 Mr. Baldwin was long the chief decision-maker for the British Empire.

2011 D. Kahneman Thinking, Fast & Slow (2012) xix. 203 We are prone to blame decision makers for good decisions that worked out badly.

decision-making n. and adj.

ΚΠ

1918 Newark (Ohio) Daily Advocate 21 May 3/3 Right now is the proper time for decision-making on the question of attending the auto race meet.

1919 S. Peterson Democracy & Govt. ii. iii. 179 This legislative—that is, this policy-adopting or decision-making—power of the President.

1965 M. Frayn Tin Men v. 27 The decision-making faculties of a professional decision-maker like himself had to be nursed.

2012 Church Times 20 Jan. 13/1 This pace of moral decision-making poses insuperable challenges to several ways of thinking about right and wrong.

decision-taker n.

ΚΠ

1941 Daily News (Huntingdon, Pa.) 13 Mar. 2/4 It was plenty close with foul line accuracy proving to be the decision taker.

1962 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Aug. 634/1 Wider ranges of privilege for economic decision-takers (and their wives and children).

2012 Guardian (Nexis) 15 Feb. 6 German decision-takers are accountable to German voters.

decision-taking n. and adj.

ΚΠ

1934 Econ. Jrnl. 44 405 There is no specific function of decision-taking for the entrepreneur to perform.

1950 N.Y. Times 17 Dec. iv. 8/2 The Assembly at this meeting transformed itself from a forum into a decision-taking body.

1999 Daily Tel. 13 July 20/5 Mr Blair's..conduct of the Gulf conflict in December 1998 set the pattern of decision-taking for the Balkans' conflict of March–June 1999.

2005 Mid Sussex Times (Nexis) 9 Sept. The Trust is committed to holding any decision-taking meetings in public.

C3.

decision engine n. a computer program or other system used to perform or aid decision-making.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > software > [noun] > applications program > expert system

decision support system1966

shell1969

expert system1977

decision engine1982

1982 Proc. Conf. Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics 160/1 The level 2 trigger processors will consist of two major portions: a collection of processing engines and a series of decision engines.

1993 W. D. Ticknor in G. H. Aplet et al. Defining Sustainable Forestry xi. 266 This decision engine must be capable of dealing in multiple dimensions.

2010 Guardian (Nexis) 23 Apr. 9 Any voters unable to make up their minds could do worse than consult the online decision engine VoteMatch.

decision height n. Aeronautics the lowest specified height at which a pilot can execute a missed approach (see missed approach n. at missed adj. Compounds).

ΚΠ

1964 N.Y. Times 4 Oct. 22/4 The 100-foot ceiling is known as the ‘decision height’, or the height at which a pilot will initiate a missed approach.

2011 J. Girard Checkride 330 The weather could go to zero-zero, but I would still be legal to let down to the decision height (100 feet ag [= above ground]). If the approach lights and runway were visible, and the aircraft was in position, I could land.

decision method n. Logic and Mathematics = decision procedure n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > mathematical enquiry > process of calculating > method or rule for

rulea1387

canonc1400

backer1543

position1551

rule of falsehood1552

rule of three1562

method of exhaustions1685

sieve1803

sieve of Eratosthenes1803

algorithm1811

algorism1888

sieve1897

decision procedure1936

pivotal condensation1939

decision method1940

1940 Jrnl. Philos. 37 681 Since there is an effective method for deciding whether a given finite matrix is an L-normal L-matrix, we are thus provided with a decision-method.

1976 Ann. Math. Logic 10 148 This yields a decision method which is not efficient in the general case but is effective for certain interesting special cases.

2009 J. von Plato in L. Haaparanta Devel. Mod. Logic xi. 499 The third big question, the existence of a decision method that answers if a formula is a theorem of logic or not, was cleared in axiomatic studies by 1936.

decision model n. a model used to aid decision-making by simulating the elements and variables relating to a particular decision.

ΚΠ

1950 Jrnl. Farm Econ. 32 1157 From a general decision model, a working model with fewer variables (which could be obtained from the data) was formulated.

1989 IMA Jrnl. Math. applied in Business & Industry 2 25 In this paper, we present a decision model to deal with a civil engineering problem.

2002 E. McLaney & P. Atrill Accounting (rev. ed.) xvi. 515 It is possible to use decision models to help manage stocks.

decision problem n. [after German Entscheidungsproblem Entscheidungsproblem n.] Mathematics and Logic a problem in which the construction of a decision procedure is sought; spec. the problem of finding a decision procedure capable of determining whether or not any given statement can be deduced from the axioms of a logical system; cf. decision procedure n., Entscheidungsproblem n.

ΚΠ

1934 Math. Gaz. 18 339 Besides investigations on consistency, a main problem of the theory is the decision-problem (Entscheidungsproblem).

1983 Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 89 428 For each of the decision problems discussed above, there is naturally a version at dimension n.

2006 New Yorker (Nexis) 6 Feb. 84 Turing was able to prove that no computing machine of the kind he envisaged could solve the decision problem.

decision procedure n. Logic and Mathematics an algorithm for deciding whether a given formula, statement, etc., is true or false within a particular logical system, or if it can be deduced from the axioms of that system.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > mathematical enquiry > process of calculating > method or rule for

rulea1387

canonc1400

backer1543

position1551

rule of falsehood1552

rule of three1562

method of exhaustions1685

sieve1803

sieve of Eratosthenes1803

algorithm1811

algorism1888

sieve1897

decision procedure1936

pivotal condensation1939

decision method1940

1936 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 1 111 A decision procedure applicable to Z₁ & Z₃ in isolation may not be applicable in the presence of Z₂ & Z₄.

1983 P. N. Johnson-Laird Mental Models ii. 28 The ideal in any logic is a decision procedure that for any inference reveals after a finite number of steps that the inference is valid or invalid.

2011 E. K. Blum in E. K. Blum & A. V. Aho Computer Sci. iii. 47 He had to be careful that the restrictions would not limit the class of decision procedures.

decision rule n. a formula or principle used to choose a course of action, in response to any given input of data.

ΚΠ

1949 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. B. 11 141 Barnard's decision rule on p. 126 may be expressed in the present notation.

1978 S. D. Krasner Defending Nat. Interest viii. 313 A decision rule that can retrodictively predict when American leaders were willing to use force.

2008 D. J. Hand Statistics: Very Short Introd. v. 89 We can compare different decision rules—that is, different ways of choosing between actions.

decision speed n. Aeronautics the speed of an aircraft above which a take-off should not normally be aborted.

ΚΠ

1953 Aircraft Performance (Internat. Air Transport Assoc.) 109 The pilot should never be tempted to take off before having reached the take-off safety speed. This may be best achieved by specifying for twins a decision speed equal to the take-off safety speed.

1957 Aeroplane 93 107/1 Concerned with accelerate-stop and engine-failure take-off distances in relation to decision speeds.

2004 G. Perry Flying People xi. 80 As aircraft have become heavier and take-off decision speeds faster, the energy absorption required of the brakes has tested designers' ingenuity to the limits.

decision support system n. a computer program or other system used to aid in decision-making.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > software > [noun] > applications program > expert system

decision support system1966

shell1969

expert system1977

decision engine1982

1966 F. J. Moore (IBM Techn. Rep. 17-203) (title) Concept of clinical decision support system.

1991 Managem. Accounting Sept. 62/2 The project will examine the role of decision support systems (DSS) in supporting the work of the management accountant.

2011 G. Leroy Designing User Stud. in Informatics iii. 64 The sample could consist of 20 surgeons who use the decision support system and 20 others who do not use the system.

decision system n. a system by which decisions are made; (later) spec. an automated system used to make decisions or aid in decision-making.

ΚΠ

1878 Chicago Legal News 10 402/3 There was really never any excuse for this decision system. It was brought about by private interests altogether.

1955 Jrnl. Soc. Industr. & Appl. Math. 3 193 A decision system for extraction provides an actual estimate of the signal, or its descriptive parameters, at the output.

2014 Econ. Times (New Delhi) (Nexis) 15 July Hundreds and thousands of companies need decision systems.

decision table n. a table which lists possible actions and their consequences, used as an aid in decision-making; such a table that indicates actions to be taken under various conditions.

ΚΠ

1961 D. D. McCracken Guide to IBM 1401 Programming xi. 151/1 The topics to be considered are the use of decision tables in system design..and the COBOL coding system.

1977 MIS Q. 1 51/1 A decision table permits one to specify which actions or combinations of actions to take, and perhaps in what order, from a specified set of actions, given each unique combination of conditions from a specified set of conditions.

2001 Daily Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 5 June 32 Develop confidence in the use of the tools required in designing solutions, including context diagrams, data flow diagrams, decision trees, decision tables, [etc.].

decision theory n. a theory dealing with the rationale of making decisions and issues relevant to this activity.

ΚΠ

1939 R. Pound Hist. & Syst. Common Law i. 8 The norm of decision theory..holds that a law is an imperative or authoritative norm or model or pattern of determination of controversies or of determining the course of administrative action.

1964 T. W. McRae Impact Computers on Accounting v. 120 Decision theory is probing the psychology of decision making, and attempts to provide an algorism for taking decisions.

2006 Independent on Sunday 6 Aug. (Review Suppl.) 24/3 Deal or No Deal... For economists, the programme is a repeated exercise in decision theory, risk aversion and the law of diminishing returns.

decision tree n. a tree diagram used to represent the various stages of a decision-making process, typically with each node representing a decision or question and each branch representing a possible consequence or answer resulting from the previous node.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > [noun] > an act of choosing > diagram representing choices

decision tree1957

society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > diagram

figurec1400

scheme1649

skiagraph1657

diagram1839

diagraph1853

schema1890

schematic1929

decision tree1957

cladogram1965

1957 H. A. Simon Admin. Behavior (ed. 2) Introd. p. xxxii The description of behavior in terms of the decision tree.

1976 Path. Ann. 11 145 The decision tree depicts a sequence of binary, yes or no, decisions which progress until a conclusion is reached.

2010 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 13 May c1/1 His methodical approach to policy making, which favors ‘logic chains’ and ‘decision trees’.

decision variable n. a variable factor which can be quantified for the purpose of assessing various options in a decision-making process; spec. a quantifiable variable that the decision maker can control.

ΚΠ

1946 Econometrica 14 119 In this paper we have adopted the principle of regarding the expectations as applying to market variables (prices, wages, interest rates, etc.) while the quantities are regarded as decision variables.

1990 Oxf. Inst. for Energy Stud. Ann. Rep. 27 The specification of a model in which exploration and development are the crucial decision variables led to the estimation of equations for development and production with a very long lag structure.

2010 Jrnl. Transport Econ. & Policy 44 282 A more ambitious treatment would view aircraft fuel efficiency as a decision variable, like aircraft noise.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	decision
释义	decisionn. Brit. /dᵻˈsɪʒn/, U.S. /dᵻˈsɪʒ(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English decisioun, late Middle English–1500s decysyon, late Middle English 1600s decysion, late Middle English– decision, 1500s–1600s desision, 1600s decisione, 1600s decission, 1600s decition, 1600s decyssion, 1600s descition, 1600s descition, 1600s discition; Scottish pre-1700 decesioun, pre-1700 decesioune, pre-1700 decisione, pre-1700 desicioun, pre-1700 desitioun, pre-1700 dischesioun, pre-1700 dississioun, pre-1700 dississiowne, pre-1700 1700s– decision. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French decision; Latin dēcīsiōn-, dēcīsiō. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French decision, French décision judgement with regard to a matter in dispute (1314 in Old French), action of deciding, also the result of that action (14th cent.), determination, resolve (1676), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin dēcīsiōn-, dēcīsiō curtailment, diminishing, settlement, agreement, in post-classical Latin also action of cutting off, partition, part, judicial sentence (6th cent.), division, action of dividing (a636 in Isidore), separation (of the seed) in generation (from 13th cent. in British sources) < dēcīs- , past participial stem of dēcīdere decide v.¹ + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Catalan decisió (1517), Spanish decisión (early 15th cent.), Portuguese decisão (1550), Italian decisione (a1375), all in senses of branch II.With sense 1b compare discission n. With the formal variation compare forms at decide v.¹ †I. Senses relating to decide v.¹ II. 1. a. Something which has been separated from a larger thing or amount; a fragment or small piece. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1425 ( H. Daniel Liber Uricrisiarum (Wellcome 225) 395 Þe uryn is..full of small greynes... Þai are full lytile & smal, & þai are not ellys bod decisiouns (lytill, small chippyngys) of spum (of froth). 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1009 From rocks and stones along the sea continually, washed and dashed with the waves, therebe decisions passe of some parcels and small fragments [Fr. il s'en aille tousiours quelques loppins & quelques rompures bien delices]. 1670 S. Gott Divine Hist. Genesis World x. 315 They were so many particular Decisions, I conceiv that they were so many several Composita made therof, whereby they are all thus different, and several one from another. b. Separation; the action or fact of cutting something off. Also: an instance of this. Cf. discission n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > [noun] asunderingeOE sheddingc1175 twinning?c1225 departingc1300 sunderinga1325 to-dighting1340 partingc1350 disseverancec1374 divisionc1374 severinga1382 departitionc1400 separation1413 sunderance1435 departisonc1440 deceperationa1450 severance1467 dissevering1488 dissever?1507 departurec1515 dividing1526 partition1530 sejunction1532 separatinga1557 sequestration1567 decision1574 divorce1593 disseveration16.. dissevermenta1603 sunderment1603 disparting1611 disunition1611 singling1625 divide1642 severation1649 concisure1656 department1677 secretion1696 abgregation1730 disengagement1791 disassociation1825 dispartment1869 dissociation1877 secernment1894 breakaway1897 delinkage1973 1574 H. Howard Def. Eccl. Regiment in Eng. 89 Titus..referreth absolutely the censure and decision of true and false religion. 1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) x. lvi. 248 By..Decision of the Lymme whence all the bayne did floe. 1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed 221 Human generation..is performed by derivation or decision of part of the substance of the Parent. 1711 Ladies Diary in C. Hutton Diarian Misc. (1775) I. 66 But if by division you make a decision, And the greater by the lesser divide. II. Senses relating to decide v.¹ I. 2. a. The action, fact, or process of deciding or bringing to an end a contest, controversy, etc.; judgement with regard to a matter in dispute; settlement, resolution. Also: an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] doomc950 redeOE lookingc1300 assizec1314 judging1357 definitionc1384 man's dayc1384 termination1395 discretiona1400 discussiona1425 decidingc1443 judicial1447 decisionc1454 arbitry1489 determinationa1513 determining1530 decerninga1535 discuss1556 discussment1559 thought1579 decernment1586 arbitrage1601 dijudication1615 crisis1623 decidementa1640 determinatinga1640 discernment1646 syndication1650 judication1651 dijudicatinga1656 adjudicature1783 call1902 c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 169 (MED) Þerfore þe decisioun and determynacioun herof is in ‘þe book of feiþ’ in latyn. 1493 in J. Robertson Illustr. Topogr. & Antiq. Aberdeen & Banff (1847) II. 212 For the decisione of the landis debatabile. a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) i. xiii. f. 9 (MED) After gret prosesse finished, and þe ful decision of many gret causes and quareles þat wer moved. a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) i. xxx. f. 25 (MED) In decision & styntyng of alle maner striff, I take al the meriteis, [etc.]. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 128 Thys causyth sutys to be long in decysyon. 1633 W. Prynne Histrio-mastix ii. 956 Declining their owne particular discitions to avoyd all partiality. 1644 W. Prynne & C. Walker True Relation Prosecution N. Fiennes 118 The supreame Councell of the Realme to whose descition it belongeth. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xviii. 91 The decision of Controversies. 1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. i. 15 In the decision of private causes. 1833 H. Martineau Manch. Strike (new ed.) vii. 73 For the decision of questions daily arising. 1894 A. H. Todd Parl. Govt. in Brit. Colonies (ed. 2) viii. 250 To formally annex to Queensland..that portion of New Guinea and the adjacent islands not occupied by the Dutch, pending a decision of the question by the Imperial government. 1905 Labor Bull. Mass. June 142/1 The W. L. Douglas Shoe Co. shall suffer no interruption of business during the decision of any dispute or grievance. 1972 F. N. Stites Private Interest & Public Gain v. 68 All parties wanted a decision of the question in 1818. 2007 Internat. Legal Materials 46 199 [The judge] informed the President of the Court..that he considered that he should not take part in the decision of the case. b. The action, fact, or process of arriving at a conclusion regarding a matter under consideration; the action or fact of making up one's mind as to an opinion, course of action, etc.; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > [noun] resolvinga1398 resolutiona1475 decision1490 determination1548 resolve1818 making-up1841 the mind > will > decision > [noun] > (a) resolution or decision resolutiona1475 decreetc1475 decision1490 shall?1553 deliberation1579 resolve1592 pitch1600 volition1615 1490 W. Caxton tr. Boke yf Eneydos vi. sig. Bvii^v He hath not rendred the reason, or made ony decysion to approue better the his than that other. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lxxx^v Fyrst they treated of Religion, and after muche decision, a decree was made, as we shall tell you hereafter. a1677 I. Barrow Several Serm. Evil-speaking (1678) viii. 57 The decision of such Matters is to be reserved to those, who by study and experience have attained peculiar Faculties to do it respectively. a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1683) 154 Of these [barrows] and the like Hills there can be no assured decision without an ocular exploration and subterraneous enquiry. 1768 J. Byron Narr. Patagonia 133 I leave it to the decision of the gentlemen of the faculty. 1821 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 391 In all the more important decisions of the will, we are influenced by special reasons for each separate act. 1899 C. S. Buell Essent. of Psychol. xii. 222 This deciding by refusing or neglecting to decide is apt to be just as fatal as hasty decision. 1955 G. Greene Quiet Amer. iii. ii. 240 It seemed..that no decision would ever be simple again. 1981 Kokomo (Indiana) Trib. 24 June 6/3 Considering the risks the kind and quantity of weapons we sell to Peking should be a matter of careful decision. 2007 H. Winkler & L. Oliver Who ordered this Baby? 102 I had to decide whether to break the cookie in half so that one side was all chocolate and the other was all vanilla... This is a decision I go through every time I get a black-and-white. 3. The result of this action or process; that which has been decided; a conclusion, a judgement, a resolution; a choice. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > a judgement, ruling doomc825 judging1357 verdictc1386 determination1395 judgement?a1400 skillc1400 decision1467 date1488 arrest1509 resolution1545 pronouncement1593 resultance1610 decreea1642 placit1641 pronounce1641 placitum1649 vardy1738 deliverance1856 1467 T. Howes in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 564 Thomas maketh thys declaracion yn adnullyng the decysion of the said pretended [pretended interl. in hand of W. Worcester] testament and wyll nuncupatife for the discharge of hys concience. 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. Pref. The decisiouns and determinatiouns of general counsallis. 1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. to Rdr. sig. B2 Then his word were an Oracle, his opinion a decision. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xlii. 311 To compell men to obey his Decisions. 1710 H. Prideaux Orig. & Right Tithes ii. 42 The Decisions of Judges..are made the standing Rules. 1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 95 I have not been able to discover more than one dictum and one decision in favour of the distinction. 1868 Riverside Mag. May 201/1 Both the boys were very sorry that they had not stopped at the village. ‘It was a bad decision,’ said Elvie. 1886 St. G. Stock tr. Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics iii. i. 43 It is hard at times to decide what sort of thing one should choose..and still harder to abide by one's decisions. 1935 H. Edib Clown & his Daughter xlv. 258 By the time she had touched the rock-bottom of misery she had also reached a decision. 1964 Mod. Law Rev. 28 iii. 376 He uses his knowledge of English decisions..to good effect. 2008 R. Beard Becoming Drusilla (2009) vii. 157 Dropping out sounds like a good decision, and over the next few years Dru is frequently hitching, and sleeping in fields under banana moons. 4. Sport. a. With for. The action or process of deciding the outcome of a game, race, etc. ΚΠ 1717 L. Eusden in J. Dryden et al. tr. Ovid Metamorphoses x. 366 Now but a little Interval of Space Remain'd for the Decision of the Race. 1789 World 17 Feb. The match is proposed for decision at the next Spring-Meeting. 1805 Ipswich Jrnl. 7 Dec. On Wednesday came on for decision a match which had excited much interest in the sporting world, and which, amongst that community, is denominated a steeple race. 1866 Golfer's Year Bk. 65 Each round consisted of 7 holes, and four rounds were fixed on for the decision of the Tournament. 1932 St. George's Gaz. Feb. 26 There were seven races for decision. 2012 Queensland Times (Nexis) 19 May 40 Tonight there are 10 races for decision and total prizemoney of $428,000 up for grabs. b. North American. An outcome or result; esp. a victory, a win. ΚΠ 1888 Wildwood's Mag. Oct. 293/2 If at the end of this 30 minutes no decision is again reached, they [sc. the dogs] shall run another 30 minutes, and so on until a decision is reached. 1893 Athletes' Guide viii. 47 In case of a second tie, three more trials shall be allowed, and so on until a decision is reached. 1929 Berkeley (Calif.) Daily Gaz. 16 Sept. Dorothy Weisel of Sacramento..took a brilliant decision from Miss Josephine Cruikshank of this city by scores of 6–2, 6–3. 1994 Associated Press Worldstream (Nexis) 19 Dec. The Cowboys have beaten the Giants five straight, including a 38–10 decision at Dallas earlier this year. 2012 Gallipolis (Ohio) Daily Tribune (Nexis) 28 Jan. The Gallia Academy boys basketball team dropped its seventh straight decision Friday night during a 63–50 setback to host Logan. c. In Boxing or other combat sports. Victory awarded to the competitor with the most number of points gained over the course of a match. Cf. decision v., no-decision n. (a) at no adj. Compounds 4.In Boxing, esp. in the absence of a knockout or technical knockout; cf. on points at point n.¹ 8f. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [noun] > points decision or win decision1911 points victory1918 points win1935 split decision1970 1911 Our Navy (U.S.) Mar. 28/1 The Pole got the decision as the conditions of the match were that Hackenschmidt was to throw his opponent twice in an hour and a half. 1918 Stars & Stripes 29 Mar. 6/2 Burge gained the decision over him and was a made man. 1962 Life 5 Oct. 96/2 I fought Willard... I blinded him with footwork and got the decision. 2013 J. Jarrett Toy Bulldog xiv. 101 Two no-decision bouts in Newark and St. Paul, and one in Boston, where Malone took the decision. d. Baseball. An instance of a pitcher recording a win or a loss. Cf. no-decision n. (b) at no adj. Compounds 4. ΚΠ 1918 Atlanta (Georgia) Constit. 27 Jan. b7/5 (heading) Eddie Plank in 17 Years of His Big League Pitching Has Won 324 Decisions. 1968 Baseball Digest Mar. 64/1 During the next seven weeks that started on May 19, he lost ten straight decisions before righting himself with a five-hitter against the Orioles. 1992 N. Ryan & J. Jenkins Miracle Man xiv. 170 The DH [= designated hitter] gives a pitcher an opportunity to win more ball games, get more decisions, and pitch more innings. 2014 Pittsburgh Post-Gaz. (Nexis) 30 Aug. d4 Verlander (12-11) beat the White Sox for the 14th time in 18 decisions since June 10, 2009—the most wins by any pitcher against a single team in that span. 5. Determination, firmness, resolve; decidedness of character. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > resolution or determination > [noun] willOE businessa1387 wilfulnessc1386 restc1400 point1477 appointmenta1535 firmitude?1541 resoluteness?1560 resolve1592 resolution1594 constancy1603 resolvance1603 resolvedness1611 intensiona1619 determinateness1652 decisiveness1714 determinedness1747 decision1770 decidedness1800 setness1818 determinativeness1821 determination1822 virtu1876 the courage of one's convictions or opinions1878 self-determination1890 adamancy1898 drivenness1902 adamance1925 1770 ‘Junius’ in Public Advertiser 14 Feb. You meanly evaded the Question, and, instead of the explicit Firmness and Decision of a K—, gave us nothing but the Misery of a ruined Grazier. 1781 E. Burke Let. in Corr. (1963) IV. 373 We want Courage and decision of mind. 1805 J. Foster Ess. ii. (title) Decision of Character. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits iv. 72 On the English face are combined decision and nerve. 1891 ‘J. S. Winter’ Lumley vi. 41 ‘Oh, Vere is not going for weeks—weeks,’ declared Mrs. Jock with great decision. 1934 V. M. Yeates Winged Victory i. ix. 86 An Avro would do anything you wanted..if you kicked the rudder with decision. 1962 Bakersfield Californian 23 May 31/3 Grover could act with great decision when the mood struck him. 2002 C. L. Anslow in C. C. Kroeger & M. J. Evans IVP Women's Bible Comm. 216/2 Throughout the Bible we see women acting with decision. Phrases P1. to make a decision: to decide; to come to a judgement, conclusion, or resolution. ΚΠ 1612 R. Parsons Discuss. Answere William Barlow i. i. 62 What did the Pope more in this case then this? making a decision by counsaile of his learned men, according to Christian law. 1693 Hist. Fr. La Chaise 173 The General Council of Lion also, has made a Decision upon this Point. 1771 Gentleman's & London Mag. Nov. 668/1 They had acted right in it, upon the principles of the law as it stood when they made the decision. 1831 J. B. Frazer Persian Adventurer I. x. 137 An incident..occurred, which forced her to make a quick decision. 1862 Congress. Globe 23 May 2309/3 I do not suppose that any one under God's canopy would make any such decision. 1921 Better Waists Nov. 15/1 A decision was made that the Service Bureau meetings should be held more frequently. 1967 N. Freeling Strike Out 36 She makes the decisions. 1976 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 10 Apr. 7/1 If Canada can't take the time to make an informed decision about what is going to happen to our northland, then what has Canada got time for? 2009 V. Coren For Richer for Poorer vii. 96 You get to see what the other players are doing before you make a decision. P2. to take a decision: = to make a decision at Phrases 1. ΚΠ 1795 Courier & Evening Gaz. 10 Apr. Endeavouring to throw on me the censure of having ‘changed the decided points on which I had taken my decision to embark’. 1819 Niles' Weekly Reg. 25 Dec. 276/1 It has not been possible for it to take a decision upon it until it had previously instituted a full investigation. 1894 B. Saunders Life & Lett. James Macpherson xiii. 286 The Opposition successfully objected that..a fresh examination should take place before any decision was taken. 1929 E. Wharton Let. 25 Feb. (1988) 519 I have just taken the momentous decision to sail on the Minnewaska. 1968 Brit. Med. Bull. 24 252/2 A computer can be used to take procedural decisions during the test itself. 2005 Independent 19 Mar. 44/1 America took the decisions which largely shaped the post-war world. Compounds C1. General attributive. ΚΠ 1875 I. E. Page Fulness of Grace iv. 41 It is thus with the decision-point in full consecration. 1932 Illinois Law Rev. 27 388 One judge whose decisions have a splendid reputation for their ‘fairness and justice’ described his initial attitude in the decision process. 1963 Christian Sci. Monitor 18 Feb. 1/5 Before making a loan to a country the decision factors must be isolated. 1994 Face Jan. 56/2 When it came to decision time, he toyed with reading Politics at university. 2002 D. Goleman et al. Business: Ultimate Resource 1231/2 Dynamic programming divides the problem into sub-problems or decision stages that can be addressed sequentially. C2. Objective with verbal or agent noun; cf. Phrases 1, Phrases 2. decision maker n. ΚΠ 1902 Lowell (Mass.) Sun 11 June 7/1 Umpire Rudderham was the officiating decision maker. 1938 S. Chase Tyranny of Words xviii. 233 Mr. Baldwin was long the chief decision-maker for the British Empire. 2011 D. Kahneman Thinking, Fast & Slow (2012) xix. 203 We are prone to blame decision makers for good decisions that worked out badly. decision-making n. and adj. ΚΠ 1918 Newark (Ohio) Daily Advocate 21 May 3/3 Right now is the proper time for decision-making on the question of attending the auto race meet. 1919 S. Peterson Democracy & Govt. ii. iii. 179 This legislative—that is, this policy-adopting or decision-making—power of the President. 1965 M. Frayn Tin Men v. 27 The decision-making faculties of a professional decision-maker like himself had to be nursed. 2012 Church Times 20 Jan. 13/1 This pace of moral decision-making poses insuperable challenges to several ways of thinking about right and wrong. decision-taker n. ΚΠ 1941 Daily News (Huntingdon, Pa.) 13 Mar. 2/4 It was plenty close with foul line accuracy proving to be the decision taker. 1962 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Aug. 634/1 Wider ranges of privilege for economic decision-takers (and their wives and children). 2012 Guardian (Nexis) 15 Feb. 6 German decision-takers are accountable to German voters. decision-taking n. and adj. ΚΠ 1934 Econ. Jrnl. 44 405 There is no specific function of decision-taking for the entrepreneur to perform. 1950 N.Y. Times 17 Dec. iv. 8/2 The Assembly at this meeting transformed itself from a forum into a decision-taking body. 1999 Daily Tel. 13 July 20/5 Mr Blair's..conduct of the Gulf conflict in December 1998 set the pattern of decision-taking for the Balkans' conflict of March–June 1999. 2005 Mid Sussex Times (Nexis) 9 Sept. The Trust is committed to holding any decision-taking meetings in public. C3. decision engine n. a computer program or other system used to perform or aid decision-making. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > software > [noun] > applications program > expert system decision support system1966 shell1969 expert system1977 decision engine1982 1982 Proc. Conf. Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics 160/1 The level 2 trigger processors will consist of two major portions: a collection of processing engines and a series of decision engines. 1993 W. D. Ticknor in G. H. Aplet et al. Defining Sustainable Forestry xi. 266 This decision engine must be capable of dealing in multiple dimensions. 2010 Guardian (Nexis) 23 Apr. 9 Any voters unable to make up their minds could do worse than consult the online decision engine VoteMatch. decision height n. Aeronautics the lowest specified height at which a pilot can execute a missed approach (see missed approach n. at missed adj. Compounds). ΚΠ 1964 N.Y. Times 4 Oct. 22/4 The 100-foot ceiling is known as the ‘decision height’, or the height at which a pilot will initiate a missed approach. 2011 J. Girard Checkride 330 The weather could go to zero-zero, but I would still be legal to let down to the decision height (100 feet ag [= above ground]). If the approach lights and runway were visible, and the aircraft was in position, I could land. decision method n. Logic and Mathematics = decision procedure n. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > mathematical enquiry > process of calculating > method or rule for rulea1387 canonc1400 backer1543 position1551 rule of falsehood1552 rule of three1562 method of exhaustions1685 sieve1803 sieve of Eratosthenes1803 algorithm1811 algorism1888 sieve1897 decision procedure1936 pivotal condensation1939 decision method1940 1940 Jrnl. Philos. 37 681 Since there is an effective method for deciding whether a given finite matrix is an L-normal L-matrix, we are thus provided with a decision-method. 1976 Ann. Math. Logic 10 148 This yields a decision method which is not efficient in the general case but is effective for certain interesting special cases. 2009 J. von Plato in L. Haaparanta Devel. Mod. Logic xi. 499 The third big question, the existence of a decision method that answers if a formula is a theorem of logic or not, was cleared in axiomatic studies by 1936. decision model n. a model used to aid decision-making by simulating the elements and variables relating to a particular decision. ΚΠ 1950 Jrnl. Farm Econ. 32 1157 From a general decision model, a working model with fewer variables (which could be obtained from the data) was formulated. 1989 IMA Jrnl. Math. applied in Business & Industry 2 25 In this paper, we present a decision model to deal with a civil engineering problem. 2002 E. McLaney & P. Atrill Accounting (rev. ed.) xvi. 515 It is possible to use decision models to help manage stocks. decision problem n. [after German Entscheidungsproblem Entscheidungsproblem n.] Mathematics and Logic a problem in which the construction of a decision procedure is sought; spec. the problem of finding a decision procedure capable of determining whether or not any given statement can be deduced from the axioms of a logical system; cf. decision procedure n., Entscheidungsproblem n. ΚΠ 1934 Math. Gaz. 18 339 Besides investigations on consistency, a main problem of the theory is the decision-problem (Entscheidungsproblem). 1983 Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 89 428 For each of the decision problems discussed above, there is naturally a version at dimension n. 2006 New Yorker (Nexis) 6 Feb. 84 Turing was able to prove that no computing machine of the kind he envisaged could solve the decision problem. decision procedure n. Logic and Mathematics an algorithm for deciding whether a given formula, statement, etc., is true or false within a particular logical system, or if it can be deduced from the axioms of that system. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > mathematical enquiry > process of calculating > method or rule for rulea1387 canonc1400 backer1543 position1551 rule of falsehood1552 rule of three1562 method of exhaustions1685 sieve1803 sieve of Eratosthenes1803 algorithm1811 algorism1888 sieve1897 decision procedure1936 pivotal condensation1939 decision method1940 1936 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 1 111 A decision procedure applicable to Z₁ & Z₃ in isolation may not be applicable in the presence of Z₂ & Z₄. 1983 P. N. Johnson-Laird Mental Models ii. 28 The ideal in any logic is a decision procedure that for any inference reveals after a finite number of steps that the inference is valid or invalid. 2011 E. K. Blum in E. K. Blum & A. V. Aho Computer Sci. iii. 47 He had to be careful that the restrictions would not limit the class of decision procedures. decision rule n. a formula or principle used to choose a course of action, in response to any given input of data. ΚΠ 1949 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. B. 11 141 Barnard's decision rule on p. 126 may be expressed in the present notation. 1978 S. D. Krasner Defending Nat. Interest viii. 313 A decision rule that can retrodictively predict when American leaders were willing to use force. 2008 D. J. Hand Statistics: Very Short Introd. v. 89 We can compare different decision rules—that is, different ways of choosing between actions. decision speed n. Aeronautics the speed of an aircraft above which a take-off should not normally be aborted. ΚΠ 1953 Aircraft Performance (Internat. Air Transport Assoc.) 109 The pilot should never be tempted to take off before having reached the take-off safety speed. This may be best achieved by specifying for twins a decision speed equal to the take-off safety speed. 1957 Aeroplane 93 107/1 Concerned with accelerate-stop and engine-failure take-off distances in relation to decision speeds. 2004 G. Perry Flying People xi. 80 As aircraft have become heavier and take-off decision speeds faster, the energy absorption required of the brakes has tested designers' ingenuity to the limits. decision support system n. a computer program or other system used to aid in decision-making. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > software > [noun] > applications program > expert system decision support system1966 shell1969 expert system1977 decision engine1982 1966 F. J. Moore (IBM Techn. Rep. 17-203) (title) Concept of clinical decision support system. 1991 Managem. Accounting Sept. 62/2 The project will examine the role of decision support systems (DSS) in supporting the work of the management accountant. 2011 G. Leroy Designing User Stud. in Informatics iii. 64 The sample could consist of 20 surgeons who use the decision support system and 20 others who do not use the system. decision system n. a system by which decisions are made; (later) spec. an automated system used to make decisions or aid in decision-making. ΚΠ 1878 Chicago Legal News 10 402/3 There was really never any excuse for this decision system. It was brought about by private interests altogether. 1955 Jrnl. Soc. Industr. & Appl. Math. 3 193 A decision system for extraction provides an actual estimate of the signal, or its descriptive parameters, at the output. 2014 Econ. Times (New Delhi) (Nexis) 15 July Hundreds and thousands of companies need decision systems. decision table n. a table which lists possible actions and their consequences, used as an aid in decision-making; such a table that indicates actions to be taken under various conditions. ΚΠ 1961 D. D. McCracken Guide to IBM 1401 Programming xi. 151/1 The topics to be considered are the use of decision tables in system design..and the COBOL coding system. 1977 MIS Q. 1 51/1 A decision table permits one to specify which actions or combinations of actions to take, and perhaps in what order, from a specified set of actions, given each unique combination of conditions from a specified set of conditions. 2001 Daily Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 5 June 32 Develop confidence in the use of the tools required in designing solutions, including context diagrams, data flow diagrams, decision trees, decision tables, [etc.]. decision theory n. a theory dealing with the rationale of making decisions and issues relevant to this activity. ΚΠ 1939 R. Pound Hist. & Syst. Common Law i. 8 The norm of decision theory..holds that a law is an imperative or authoritative norm or model or pattern of determination of controversies or of determining the course of administrative action. 1964 T. W. McRae Impact Computers on Accounting v. 120 Decision theory is probing the psychology of decision making, and attempts to provide an algorism for taking decisions. 2006 Independent on Sunday 6 Aug. (Review Suppl.) 24/3 Deal or No Deal... For economists, the programme is a repeated exercise in decision theory, risk aversion and the law of diminishing returns. decision tree n. a tree diagram used to represent the various stages of a decision-making process, typically with each node representing a decision or question and each branch representing a possible consequence or answer resulting from the previous node. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > [noun] > an act of choosing > diagram representing choices decision tree1957 society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > diagram figurec1400 scheme1649 skiagraph1657 diagram1839 diagraph1853 schema1890 schematic1929 decision tree1957 cladogram1965 1957 H. A. Simon Admin. Behavior (ed. 2) Introd. p. xxxii The description of behavior in terms of the decision tree. 1976 Path. Ann. 11 145 The decision tree depicts a sequence of binary, yes or no, decisions which progress until a conclusion is reached. 2010 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 13 May c1/1 His methodical approach to policy making, which favors ‘logic chains’ and ‘decision trees’. decision variable n. a variable factor which can be quantified for the purpose of assessing various options in a decision-making process; spec. a quantifiable variable that the decision maker can control. ΚΠ 1946 Econometrica 14 119 In this paper we have adopted the principle of regarding the expectations as applying to market variables (prices, wages, interest rates, etc.) while the quantities are regarded as decision variables. 1990 Oxf. Inst. for Energy Stud. Ann. Rep. 27 The specification of a model in which exploration and development are the crucial decision variables led to the estimation of equations for development and production with a very long lag structure. 2010 Jrnl. Transport Econ. & Policy 44 282 A more ambitious treatment would view aircraft fuel efficiency as a decision variable, like aircraft noise. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). decisionv. Brit. /dᵻˈsɪʒn/, U.S. /dᵻˈsɪʒ(ə)n/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: decision n. Etymology: < decision n. 1. transitive. colloquial, regional, and nonstandard. = decide v.¹ 1. Also: to make a decision about (something). ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > resolve or decide upon [verb (transitive)] to take (in early use (i-)nim) to redeeOE redeOE to take (in early use (i-)nim) redeOE to bring to stallc1275 rewardc1380 perfix1415 determ1423 concludec1430 prefix?1523 resolve1523 affix1524 devise1548 pitch?1567 purpose1574 to resolve with oneself1578 to set down1582 settle1596 determinea1616 decision1877 predetermine1884 1877 M. K. Dallas Grinder Papers xxxvi. 296 You writ me a couple o' letters disclosin' your feelin's, and I'm a-goin' fur tu keep 'em, tew, and I decisioned tu elope with you in kinsequence. 1900 North Adams (Mass.) Evening Transcript 13 Apr. 3/2 Have you decisioned vedder you vas a Demmykrat or a Repuplican or a Muckvump. 1940 Manch. Guardian 20 July 6/5 ‘Have you decisioned this?’ he inquires with a happy illusion of appearing the Educated Man. 1992 D. B. Lawrence Handbk. Consumer Lending 355 Obviously good/bad accounts particularly are decisioned first. Rejected applicants are notified promptly. 2013 A. Alizadeh Transactions 44 I decisioned to fix my makeup until she left the WC. 2. transitive. In Boxing or other combat sports: to beat (an opponent) by a decision (decision n. 4c). Also in extended use. ΚΠ 1914 Kansas City (Missouri) Star 15 Feb. 14 a/4 He has done ring service for three years and owns the proud record of having decisioned Jimmy Dime's great meal ticket, George Chip. 1954 Sunday Herald (Provo, Utah) 31 Oct. 1/5 In the comparatively light voting of 1950 Granger decisioned P.L. Jones by 2,293 ballots. 1957 J. Lake & H. Giblo Footlights, Fistfights & Femmes 143 Jeffries decisioned him in a 25-round bout. 1972 Black Belt Jan. 51/2 Irwin Cohen threw Antonio Coruna of Spain, but strong Lutz Lischka of Austria decisioned him in the second round. 2007 South Wales Echo (Nexis) 31 Oct. 8 Martin Stead..was in a clash of his own when he decisioned 2007 WABA lightwelter champion Ryan Evans. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1425v.1877
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decisionn.

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decisionv.