deciman.

Brit.

/ˈdɛsᵻmə/, U.S.

/ˈdɛsəmə/

Forms: Middle English 1600s– decima, 1800s– décima (in sense 2).

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin decima, decimus.

Etymology: < classical Latin decima tenth part, offering of a tithe made to a god, tax or right to collect a tax of ten per cent on the produce of land, in post-classical Latin also (in the Old Testament) tithe (Vulgate), tithe paid to the Christian Church (6th cent.), (in music) interval of a tenth (1517 or earlier), use as noun (short for decima pars tenth part) of feminine of decimus tenth (see decimal adj.).With sense 1 compare dime n. 1. In sense 2 after Spanish décima (1603 or earlier in this sense). In sense 3a probably after Italian decima (1692 in this sense); in sense 3b probably after German Decima (a1707 in this sense). Not fully naturalized in English.

1. A tenth part; spec. a tax of one tenth, a tithe. Now historical (chiefly with reference to Italy).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > fixed proportion dues or taxes > [noun] > tithe

tithingOE

decimaa1325

dime1377

decimationc1460

tenth1587

tithe1600

in-teinds1621

decimate1641

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 922 Abel primices first bi-gan, And decimas first abram.

?1629 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. (1659) App. 14 Subsidies, Fifteens, and such like..are fit to be released..in recompence of the said Decima, which will yield your Majesty more.

1709 J. Spelman & T. Hearne Life Alfred the Great i. 22 Those Kings gave Tythes properly,..and so should give more than Æthelwolf, who gave but this Decima of his own Land of Inheritance.

1735 Principal Acts Gen. Assembly Church of Scotl. 16 May 8 They would consent yet to admit such others to join with them, as shall be willing to pay in the Decima of their Stipend to the said Fund.

1811 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) VIII. 299 Giving up the new decima in order to obtain means of transport.

1988 Renaissance Stud. 2 195 He brandished his title as apostolic commissioner in court, and as supervisor of the papal decima in Tuscany.

2001 Speculum 76 326 It is recorded to have paid a decima of more than thirty-four Cortonese pounds in the 1332-34 assessment.

2. In Spanish poetry: a stanza or verse of ten lines, usually performed as a song. The song typically consists of four stanzas, with an introductory verse.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > part of poem > [noun] > stanza > ten-lined stanza

dizain1575

decima1703

1703 P. Motteux et al. tr. M. de Cervantes Hist. Don Quixote III. iv. 42 If he made his Stanza's of five Lines, so as to make a double Decima, or a Redondilla, or Rondeau, there wou'd be three Letters too little.

1772 T. Nugent tr. J. F. de Isla Hist. Friar Gerund II. iv. v. 115 He broke out into this ridiculous Decima as he called it.

1878 Near Lagunas I. 26 He sat down beside Consolacion..and offered to sing her a decima if she would bring him a guitar.

1918 W. H. Hudson Far Away & Long Ago ix. 137 The decima he now started to sing related to his early experiences.

1974 F. G. Carrino in J. Hernández Gaucho Martín Fierro 8 Most gaucho singers preferred ten-line or decima verse.

2008 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 4 Dec. c8/1 His album..dealt with the song form of Puerto Rican back-country troubadours, and it had a preoccupation with..the décima, a 10-line stanza with specific rhyme schemes.

3. Music.

†a. An interval of a tenth; a note ten degrees of the scale above or below a given note (both notes being counted). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > interval > [noun]

distance1551

interval1609

discord1654

decima1808

1808 A. Rees Cycl. (1819) XI Decima.., the interval of a tenth, in Music, or octave of the 3d major or minor.

b. An organ stop sounding a tenth above the normal or 8-feet pitch; also called double-tierce or great-tierce.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > stop > other stops

twenty-secondc1700

vox humana1708

chorus1776

decima1825

glockenspiel1825

unison stop1830

montre1876

pyramidon1876

harmonic stop1880

orage1891

pipe stop1906

1825 J. F. Danneley Encycl. Music Decima..; the name of an organ-stop.

1829 London Encycl. XVI. 328/1 Unless the third, decima, tenth, or seventeenth, and the fifth, or twelfth, of each of these octaves and unisons be heard at one and the same time, much of the brilliancy and richness of the organic sound would be lost.

1855 E. J. Hopkins in E. J. Hopkins & E. F. Rimbault Organ xxii. 119 Tenth—Double Tierce—Decima. This is an open metal cylindrical Stop.

1901 Musical Times Feb. 102/1 Here is a list of the stops..13. Decima.

1990 N. Thistlethwaite Making Victorian Organ (1999) 509 The mutation or harmonic stops have the novelties of the diapente or quint, the decima, the fourniture, the octave settima..and the doublette.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	decima
释义	deciman. Brit. /ˈdɛsᵻmə/, U.S. /ˈdɛsəmə/ Forms: Middle English 1600s– decima, 1800s– décima (in sense 2). Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin decima, decimus. Etymology: < classical Latin decima tenth part, offering of a tithe made to a god, tax or right to collect a tax of ten per cent on the produce of land, in post-classical Latin also (in the Old Testament) tithe (Vulgate), tithe paid to the Christian Church (6th cent.), (in music) interval of a tenth (1517 or earlier), use as noun (short for decima pars tenth part) of feminine of decimus tenth (see decimal adj.).With sense 1 compare dime n. 1. In sense 2 after Spanish décima (1603 or earlier in this sense). In sense 3a probably after Italian decima (1692 in this sense); in sense 3b probably after German Decima (a1707 in this sense). Not fully naturalized in English. 1. A tenth part; spec. a tax of one tenth, a tithe. Now historical (chiefly with reference to Italy). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > fixed proportion dues or taxes > [noun] > tithe tithingOE decimaa1325 dime1377 decimationc1460 tenth1587 tithe1600 in-teinds1621 decimate1641 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 922 Abel primices first bi-gan, And decimas first abram. ?1629 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. (1659) App. 14 Subsidies, Fifteens, and such like..are fit to be released..in recompence of the said Decima, which will yield your Majesty more. 1709 J. Spelman & T. Hearne Life Alfred the Great i. 22 Those Kings gave Tythes properly,..and so should give more than Æthelwolf, who gave but this Decima of his own Land of Inheritance. 1735 Principal Acts Gen. Assembly Church of Scotl. 16 May 8 They would consent yet to admit such others to join with them, as shall be willing to pay in the Decima of their Stipend to the said Fund. 1811 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) VIII. 299 Giving up the new decima in order to obtain means of transport. 1988 Renaissance Stud. 2 195 He brandished his title as apostolic commissioner in court, and as supervisor of the papal decima in Tuscany. 2001 Speculum 76 326 It is recorded to have paid a decima of more than thirty-four Cortonese pounds in the 1332-34 assessment. 2. In Spanish poetry: a stanza or verse of ten lines, usually performed as a song. The song typically consists of four stanzas, with an introductory verse. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > part of poem > [noun] > stanza > ten-lined stanza dizain1575 decima1703 1703 P. Motteux et al. tr. M. de Cervantes Hist. Don Quixote III. iv. 42 If he made his Stanza's of five Lines, so as to make a double Decima, or a Redondilla, or Rondeau, there wou'd be three Letters too little. 1772 T. Nugent tr. J. F. de Isla Hist. Friar Gerund II. iv. v. 115 He broke out into this ridiculous Decima as he called it. 1878 Near Lagunas I. 26 He sat down beside Consolacion..and offered to sing her a decima if she would bring him a guitar. 1918 W. H. Hudson Far Away & Long Ago ix. 137 The decima he now started to sing related to his early experiences. 1974 F. G. Carrino in J. Hernández Gaucho Martín Fierro 8 Most gaucho singers preferred ten-line or decima verse. 2008 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 4 Dec. c8/1 His album..dealt with the song form of Puerto Rican back-country troubadours, and it had a preoccupation with..the décima, a 10-line stanza with specific rhyme schemes. 3. Music. †a. An interval of a tenth; a note ten degrees of the scale above or below a given note (both notes being counted). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > interval > [noun] distance1551 interval1609 discord1654 decima1808 1808 A. Rees Cycl. (1819) XI Decima.., the interval of a tenth, in Music, or octave of the 3d major or minor. b. An organ stop sounding a tenth above the normal or 8-feet pitch; also called double-tierce or great-tierce. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > stop > other stops twenty-secondc1700 vox humana1708 chorus1776 decima1825 glockenspiel1825 unison stop1830 montre1876 pyramidon1876 harmonic stop1880 orage1891 pipe stop1906 1825 J. F. Danneley Encycl. Music Decima..; the name of an organ-stop. 1829 London Encycl. XVI. 328/1 Unless the third, decima, tenth, or seventeenth, and the fifth, or twelfth, of each of these octaves and unisons be heard at one and the same time, much of the brilliancy and richness of the organic sound would be lost. 1855 E. J. Hopkins in E. J. Hopkins & E. F. Rimbault Organ xxii. 119 Tenth—Double Tierce—Decima. This is an open metal cylindrical Stop. 1901 Musical Times Feb. 102/1 Here is a list of the stops..13. Decima. 1990 N. Thistlethwaite Making Victorian Organ (1999) 509 The mutation or harmonic stops have the novelties of the diapente or quint, the decima, the fourniture, the octave settima..and the doublette. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1325
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