deaconn.¹

/ˈdiːkən/

Forms: α. Old English diacon, deacon; β. Middle English diacne, diakne, Middle English dyakne, plural diaknen; γ. Middle English dæcne, Middle English deakne, Middle English dekne, (Middle English genitive plural deknene); Middle English–1500s deken ( -in, -on, -un, -yn(e), Middle English deeken (plural deeknys), decoun, Middle English–1500s decon, decane, Middle English–1500s deaken, deakon, 1500s diacon(e, deacone, Middle English– deacon.

Etymology: < Latin diāconus, < Greek διάκονος servant, waiting man, messenger, whence spec. in Christian use, servant or minister of the church; an order of ministers in the church. The Old English diacon (deacon) was a learned form immediately from the Latin; beside it there appears to have been a popular form *dǽcna (? < *diǽcna, *deǽcna), whence 12th cent. dæcne, deakne, and later dêkne, plural deakn-en. From dêkne, deakne, came deken, deaken, whence under Latin influence deacon. The early Middle English diacne, dyakne was perhaps immediately < Old French diacne, dyacne (12th cent.; later diacre); it might also represent a semi-popular Old English *diacna: compare Old Norse djákn, djákni. There were many intermediate forms of the word, from mixture of popular and learned types.

1. Ecclesiastical. The name of an order of ministers or officers in the Christian church.

a. In Apostolic times.Their first appointment is traditionally held to be recorded in Acts vi. 1–6, where however the title διάκονος does not occur, but only the cognate words διακονεῖν (‘serve’) and διακονία (‘ministration’).

ΚΠ

c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 44 Ða apostolas gehádodon seofon diaconas..Ðæra diacona wæs se forma Stephanus.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Philipp. i. 1 Poul and Tymothe..to alle the hooly men..at Philippis, with bischopis and dekenes.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19482 Steuen..was o þe seuen dekens an.

c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4442 Deken Steven be his name.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxviii. 237 Deacons were stewards of the Church vnto whome at the first was committed the distribution of Church-goods.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Tim. ii. 8 Likewise must the deacons bee graue, not double tongued.

1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity II. vi. 20 The deacons generally administered the elements.

1875 H. E. Manning Internal Mission of Holy Ghost xv. 417 The Apostles set apart a special order—the Sacred order of deacons—to be ministers of the charity of Jesus Christ to His poor.

b. In Episcopal Churches, a member of the third order of the ministry, ranking below bishops and priests, and having the functions of assisting the priest in divine service, esp. in the celebration of the eucharist, and of visiting the sick, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > deacon > [noun]

deaconc900

ministerc1300

Levite1393

diacre1523

gospellera1529

kirkmaster1573

bead-master1579

reliever1582

c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1891) iii. xiv. [xx.] 220 Honorius se ærcebiscop..gehalgode Thomam his diacon to biscope.

1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. Se dæcne hæfde ongunnan þone godspel.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 81 Nu comeð þes diakne.

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 392/49 Preostes he made and deknene al-so.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 190 He acsede at onen of his diaknen.

c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋817 Folk that ben entred into ordre, as sub-dekin, or dekin, or prest.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6943 A preste sange at ane altere, And his dekyn þat stode him nere.

a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xx. sig. g.vii Whan the Deken redde the holy gospell.

1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 28 Deacons..attending upon the Presbyters to bring the offerings to the Altar, to read the Gospell, to baptize, and administer the Lords Supper.

a1771 T. Gray Rem. Lydgate's Poems in Wks. (1814) ii. 55 He was ordained a deacon in 1393, which is usually done in the 23d year of a man's age.

1845 J. Lingard Hist. & Antiq. Anglo-Saxon Church (ed. 3) I. iv. 146 The three orders of bishops, priests, and deacons.

Categories »

c. In the Presbyterian system, one of an order of officers appointed to attend to the secular affairs of the congregation, as distinguished from the elders, whose province is the spiritual. (But they do not always exist, at least under this name, their functions, when they are absent, being performed by the elders.)

d. In Congregational churches, one of a body of officers elected to advise and assist the pastor, distribute the elements at the communion, administer the charities of the church, and attend to its secular affairs.

ΚΠ

1566 Bk. Discipline in J. Knox Wks. (1848) II. 233 The Eyght Heid, tuiching the Electioun off Elderis and Deaconis.

1566 Bk. Discipline in J. Knox Wks. (1848) II. 236 The office of the Deaconis..is to receave the rentis, and gadder the almous of the Churche, to keip and distribute the same, as by the ministerie of the Kirk shall be appointed. Thay may also assist in judgement with the Ministeris and Elderis.

a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 183 Ther salba twa Deacones: an till attend upon the box..to collect and distribut to the outward pure..ane uther to haiff the cair of our awin inward indigent or diseased.

1644 J. Owen Wks. XIX. 537–8.

a1647 T. Hooker Surv. Summe Church-discipl. (1648) ii. i. 36 This Deacon being the steward or Treasurer of the Church, the thing for which he is mainly to be imployed..is, for the husbanding of the estate and temporalls of the Church.

1647 Resolutions, etc. Congreg. Ch. Canterbury 30 Mar. (MS.) The church..did order that..there bee 3 nominated out of w^ch on shall bee chose to the office of a Deacon.

1648 J. Cotton Way Congregational Churches ii. i. 10 It is an Ordinance of Christ, to elect Officers, (Deacons and Elders:) for this is the power and priviledge of the Church of Brethren.

a1657 W. Bradford Dial. in N. Morton New Eng. Mem. (1855) 355 They had..in our time four grave men for ruling elders, and three able and godly men for deacons.

1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi v. ii. vii. 28/1 The Office and Work of a Deacon is..to keep the Treasury of the Church, and therewith to serve the Tables, which the Church is to provide for; as the Lord's-Table, the Table of the Ministers, and of such as are in Necessity, to whom they are to distribute in simplicity.

1884 R. W. Dale Man. Congregational Princ. v. 116 In some Congregational churches there are both ‘elders’ and ‘deacons’.

e. figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > subsidiary or contributory help > a subsidiary help > person

helpa1325

yeoman1363

suffragana1450

assistant?1541

under-minister1543

under-aid1579

under-fellowa1586

adjutant1622

deacon1642

under-builder1651

subsidiary1661

under-instrument1673

helper1686

understrappera1704

âme damnée1797

bottle holder1816

acolyte1829

cad1836

bellows-blower1865

sidekick1893

side-kicker1894

Watson1927

stooge1955

1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 47 Their office is to pray for others. And not to be the lip-working deacons of other mens appointed words.

1796 C. Burney Mem. Life Metastasio III. 170 As an old Deacon of Apollo.

1887 Missionary Herald (Boston) Apr. 153 It [the African Lakes Company] acts as deacon to the mission stations themselves, caring for them in secular things.

f. The cleric who acts as principal assistant at a solemn celebration of the Eucharist; the ‘gospeller’.

ΚΠ

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. cxxxiij^v/1 A preest, a deken & a subdeken all reuestyd goyng to thaulter as for to saye masse.

1618 ( Inventory in E. Peacock Eng. Church Furnit. (1866) 181 One whole vestment for Priest Deacon and Subdeacon.

c1618 F. Moryson Itinerary (1903) iv. 439 When the pope..sings Masse himselfe, with one Cardinall seruing him as Deacon, and another as subdeacon.

1701 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1909) 7 101 His Dæcon, Subdiacon & Acolythe were his 3 sons, brothers to y^e Nonne.

1851 A. W. Pugin Chancel Screens 26 The Epistle and Gospel were sung by the deacon and sub-deacon, from marble desks.

†2. Applied to the Levites, as an order inferior to the priests in the Jewish Church: cf. bishop n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > deacon > Levite > [noun]

deaconc1000

Levite1377

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) i. 19 Þa Iudeas sendon heora sacerdas and heora diaconas fram Ierusalem.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 79 Þer com a prost be þi weie..and wende forð, þer com an diacne.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7009 For luue of a deken wijf,—Mani man þar tint þair lijf [cf. Judges xx. 4].

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Num. ii. 51 The dekenes schulen do doun the tabernacle.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 280 To the dekenis were ȝouun xlviij. citees.

a. In Scotland, the president of an incorporated ‘craft’ or trade in any town; formerly ex officio a member of the town-council.

ΚΠ

1424 Sc. Acts James I (1597) §39 Ilke Craft suld haue ane Deakon.

1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 102 As thair is in euery craft almaist ane decane [MS. dekin].

a1649 W. Drummond Hist. James V in Wks. (1711) 88 A Deacon of the Crafts is killed by the Faction of the Hamiltons.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker III. 6 The council [of the Edinburgh magistracy] is composed of deacons, one of whom is returned every year, in rotation, as representative of every company of artificers or handicraftsmen.

1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 78 Ye dainty Deacons, an' ye douce Conveeners.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth viii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 224 The presidents, or deacons, as they were termed, of the working classes.

b. figurative. A ‘master’ of his craft; a thoroughly capable man.

ΚΠ

1823 J. Galt Entail III. x. 98 I had got an inkling o' the law frae my father, who was a deacon at a plea.

1829 W. Scott Waverley (new ed.) II. xvii. 161 Yon man is not a deacon o' his craft.

4. Freemasonry. Name of a particular inferior office in a lodge: see quot. 1813.

ΚΠ

1813 J. Ashe Masonic Man. (1825) 227 The Deacons are then named and invested; upon which the new Master addresses them as follows:—‘Brothers J. K., and L. M., I appoint you Deacons of this Lodge. It is your province to attend on the Master, and to assist the Wardens in the active duties of the lodge.’

†5. A set of eucharistic garments for a deacon.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > vestments > clothing of particular functionaries > [noun] > deacon > set of

deacon1534

1534 in E. Peacock Eng. Church Furnit. (1866) 201 A whole vestment for a preist w^t deacon and subdeacon of white damaske.

1552 Trans. Essex Arch. Soc. N.S. 1 14 Two chesables, oth^r ways cawlyd deakyn and subdeaken.

1558 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 171 One Cope, a vestment and a deacon all..of red silk.

6. A very young or aborted calf, or its hide. U.S. colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > calf > [noun]

calfa800

follower1424

bostrell1559

calfling1598

moggiec1825

bossy1844

deacon1873

1873 Chicago Tribune 2 Jan. 6/2 Hides..deacons, 50 @ 65 ¢.

1898 E. N. Westcott David Harum xvii. 147 I guess you got a ‘deakin’ in that lot... That calf died, that's what that calf done.

1923 Dial. Notes 5 234 Deacon, a calf of veal age; the hide or skin of such a calf. ‘That hide ain't worth much; it's only a deacon.’

7. ‘A hunter's name for the young of the elk or wapiti’ (Cent. Dict. Suppl. 1909).

8. ‘The skin of a very young or aborted calf. It must weigh less than 8 pounds’ (Webster 1911). U.S.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > [noun] > skin or hide of young, small, or premature animal

kip1530

slink1736

deacon1889

1889 Cent. Dict. Deacon.

Compounds

deacon-seat n. U.S. a long settee in a log-cabin, cut from a single log.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > seat > sofa or couch > [noun] > other sofas or couches

bed-loft1606

Persian bed1654

divana1701

bergère1762

stibadium1840

deacon-seat1851

tuxedo sofa1895

Davenport1897

Chesterfield1900

Madame Récamier1923

Récamier1923

contour couch1952

incliner1978

1851 J. S. Springer Forest Life & Forest Trees 71 Directly over the foot~pole..and in front of the fire, is the deacon-seat. This seat constitutes our sofa or settee.

1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 152 We sat down upon the deacon-seat before the fire.

1889 J. S. Farmer Americanisms Deacon seat, a lumberer's camp term..why so called is difficult to say..unless, indeed, it is an allusion to the seats round a pulpit, facing the congregation, reserved for deacons.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

deaconv.

Etymology: < deacon n.¹Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈdeacon.

U.S. colloquial or slang.

1. transitive (usually to deacon off). To read aloud (a hymn) one or two lines at a time, the congregation singing the lines as soon as read, according to the early practice of the Congregational Churches of New England. Hence figurative. U.S. colloquial.

ΚΠ

1845 T. W. Coit Puritanism 232 The insult..was given by deaconing out, as the phrase goes..the following verses from the 52d Psalm.

1848 J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 1st Ser. ix. 125 Without you deacon off the toon you want your folks should sing.

1857 S. G. Goodrich Recoll. Lifetime I. 77 The chorister deaconed the first two lines.

1888 J. R. Lowell Heartsease & Rue 166 Well he knew to deacon-off a hymn.

a. To pack (fruit, etc.) with the finest specimens on the top. U.S. slang.

ΚΠ

1867 J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 2nd Ser. (new ed.) Introd. p. xlviii To deacon berries is to put the largest atop.

1868 L. M. Alcott Little Women I. xi. 168 The strawberries [were] not as ripe as they looked, having been skilfully ‘deaconed’.

b. In various uses connoting unfair or dishonest dealing or the like (cf. doctor v. 2): see quots. U.S. slang.

ΚΠ

1839 H. Colman 2nd Rep. Agric. Mass. (Mass. Agric. Surv.) 53 In this case some calves were raised; but most of them were killed at four days old. Throughout the county of Berkshire this mode of dealing with the calves is termed ‘deaconing’ them.

1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) To deacon a calf is to knock it in the head as soon as it is born.—Connecticut.

1889 J. S. Farmer Americanisms To deacon land, to filch land by gradually extending one's fences or boundary lines into the highway or other common property.

1889 Cent. Dict. Deacon, to sophisticate; adulterate; ‘doctor’: as, to deacon wine or other liquor. slang.

3. Ecclesiastical. To make (someone) a deacon; to ordain to the diaconate, to admit to deacon's orders. Cf. priest v. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > order > ordination > ordain [verb (transitive)] > as deacon

bedeacon1589

deacon1889

1889 Cent. Dict. Deacon.

1980 Church Times 26 Dec. 16/3 Everyone agreed that the cathedral protest had been dignified. But many were puzzled that it should occur now, as ten women had already been deaconed.

1985 Oxf. Diocesan Mag. Sept. 20/3 To be deaconed by the Bishop of Reading..on Michaelmas Day: Brian Blackman, [etc.].

Derivatives

ˈdeaconing n.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > order > ordination > [noun] > as deacon

deaconing1980

1980 Church Times 26 Dec. 16/4 This is the first public deaconing of a woman in the Diocese of Llandaff.

1986 Church Times 30 May 5/2 She believes that the proposed deaconing of women..is a mark of the respect earned by deaconesses already serving the churches.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	deacon
释义	deaconn.¹ /ˈdiːkən/ Forms: α. Old English diacon, deacon; β. Middle English diacne, diakne, Middle English dyakne, plural diaknen; γ. Middle English dæcne, Middle English deakne, Middle English dekne, (Middle English genitive plural deknene); Middle English–1500s deken ( -in, -on, -un, -yn(e), Middle English deeken (plural deeknys), decoun, Middle English–1500s decon, decane, Middle English–1500s deaken, deakon, 1500s diacon(e, deacone, Middle English– deacon. Etymology: < Latin diāconus, < Greek διάκονος servant, waiting man, messenger, whence spec. in Christian use, servant or minister of the church; an order of ministers in the church. The Old English diacon (deacon) was a learned form immediately from the Latin; beside it there appears to have been a popular form dǽcna (? < diǽcna, deǽcna), whence 12th cent. dæcne, deakne, and later dêkne, plural deakn-en. From dêkne, deakne, came deken, deaken, whence under Latin influence deacon. The early Middle English diacne, dyakne* was perhaps immediately < Old French diacne, dyacne (12th cent.; later diacre); it might also represent a semi-popular Old English diacna: compare Old Norse djákn, djákni. There were many intermediate forms of the word, from mixture of popular and learned types. 1. Ecclesiastical. The name of an order of ministers or officers in the Christian church. a. In Apostolic times.Their first appointment is traditionally held to be recorded in Acts vi. 1–6, where however the title διάκονος* does not occur, but only the cognate words διακονεῖν (‘serve’) and διακονία (‘ministration’). ΚΠ c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 44 Ða apostolas gehádodon seofon diaconas..Ðæra diacona wæs se forma Stephanus. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Philipp. i. 1 Poul and Tymothe..to alle the hooly men..at Philippis, with bischopis and dekenes. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19482 Steuen..was o þe seuen dekens an. c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4442 Deken Steven be his name. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxviii. 237 Deacons were stewards of the Church vnto whome at the first was committed the distribution of Church-goods. 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Tim. ii. 8 Likewise must the deacons bee graue, not double tongued. View more context for this quotation 1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity II. vi. 20 The deacons generally administered the elements. 1875 H. E. Manning Internal Mission of Holy Ghost xv. 417 The Apostles set apart a special order—the Sacred order of deacons—to be ministers of the charity of Jesus Christ to His poor. b. In Episcopal Churches, a member of the third order of the ministry, ranking below bishops and priests, and having the functions of assisting the priest in divine service, esp. in the celebration of the eucharist, and of visiting the sick, etc. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > deacon > [noun] deaconc900 ministerc1300 Levite1393 diacre1523 gospellera1529 kirkmaster1573 bead-master1579 reliever1582 c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1891) iii. xiv. [xx.] 220 Honorius se ærcebiscop..gehalgode Thomam his diacon to biscope. 1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. Se dæcne hæfde ongunnan þone godspel. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 81 Nu comeð þes diakne. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 392/49 Preostes he made and deknene al-so. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 190 He acsede at onen of his diaknen. c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋817 Folk that ben entred into ordre, as sub-dekin, or dekin, or prest. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6943 A preste sange at ane altere, And his dekyn þat stode him nere. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xx. sig. g.vii Whan the Deken redde the holy gospell. 1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 28 Deacons..attending upon the Presbyters to bring the offerings to the Altar, to read the Gospell, to baptize, and administer the Lords Supper. a1771 T. Gray Rem. Lydgate's Poems in Wks. (1814) ii. 55 He was ordained a deacon in 1393, which is usually done in the 23d year of a man's age. 1845 J. Lingard Hist. & Antiq. Anglo-Saxon Church (ed. 3) I. iv. 146 The three orders of bishops, priests, and deacons. Categories » c. In the Presbyterian system, one of an order of officers appointed to attend to the secular affairs of the congregation, as distinguished from the elders, whose province is the spiritual. (But they do not always exist, at least under this name, their functions, when they are absent, being performed by the elders.) d. In Congregational churches, one of a body of officers elected to advise and assist the pastor, distribute the elements at the communion, administer the charities of the church, and attend to its secular affairs. ΚΠ 1566 Bk. Discipline in J. Knox Wks. (1848) II. 233 The Eyght Heid, tuiching the Electioun off Elderis and Deaconis. 1566 Bk. Discipline in J. Knox Wks. (1848) II. 236 The office of the Deaconis..is to receave the rentis, and gadder the almous of the Churche, to keip and distribute the same, as by the ministerie of the Kirk shall be appointed. Thay may also assist in judgement with the Ministeris and Elderis. a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 183 Ther salba twa Deacones: an till attend upon the box..to collect and distribut to the outward pure..ane uther to haiff the cair of our awin inward indigent or diseased. 1644 J. Owen Wks. XIX. 537–8. a1647 T. Hooker Surv. Summe Church-discipl. (1648) ii. i. 36 This Deacon being the steward or Treasurer of the Church, the thing for which he is mainly to be imployed..is, for the husbanding of the estate and temporalls of the Church. 1647 Resolutions, etc. Congreg. Ch. Canterbury 30 Mar. (MS.) The church..did order that..there bee 3 nominated out of w^ch on shall bee chose to the office of a Deacon. 1648 J. Cotton Way Congregational Churches ii. i. 10 It is an Ordinance of Christ, to elect Officers, (Deacons and Elders:) for this is the power and priviledge of the Church of Brethren. a1657 W. Bradford Dial. in N. Morton New Eng. Mem. (1855) 355 They had..in our time four grave men for ruling elders, and three able and godly men for deacons. 1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi v. ii. vii. 28/1 The Office and Work of a Deacon is..to keep the Treasury of the Church, and therewith to serve the Tables, which the Church is to provide for; as the Lord's-Table, the Table of the Ministers, and of such as are in Necessity, to whom they are to distribute in simplicity. 1884 R. W. Dale Man. Congregational Princ. v. 116 In some Congregational churches there are both ‘elders’ and ‘deacons’. e. figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > subsidiary or contributory help > a subsidiary help > person helpa1325 yeoman1363 suffragana1450 assistant?1541 under-minister1543 under-aid1579 under-fellowa1586 adjutant1622 deacon1642 under-builder1651 subsidiary1661 under-instrument1673 helper1686 understrappera1704 âme damnée1797 bottle holder1816 acolyte1829 cad1836 bellows-blower1865 sidekick1893 side-kicker1894 Watson1927 stooge1955 1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 47 Their office is to pray for others. And not to be the lip-working deacons of other mens appointed words. 1796 C. Burney Mem. Life Metastasio III. 170 As an old Deacon of Apollo. 1887 Missionary Herald (Boston) Apr. 153 It [the African Lakes Company] acts as deacon to the mission stations themselves, caring for them in secular things. f. The cleric who acts as principal assistant at a solemn celebration of the Eucharist; the ‘gospeller’. ΚΠ 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. cxxxiij^v/1 A preest, a deken & a subdeken all reuestyd goyng to thaulter as for to saye masse. 1618 ( Inventory in E. Peacock Eng. Church Furnit. (1866) 181 One whole vestment for Priest Deacon and Subdeacon. c1618 F. Moryson Itinerary (1903) iv. 439 When the pope..sings Masse himselfe, with one Cardinall seruing him as Deacon, and another as subdeacon. 1701 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1909) 7 101 His Dæcon, Subdiacon & Acolythe were his 3 sons, brothers to y^e Nonne. 1851 A. W. Pugin Chancel Screens 26 The Epistle and Gospel were sung by the deacon and sub-deacon, from marble desks. †2. Applied to the Levites, as an order inferior to the priests in the Jewish Church: cf. bishop n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > deacon > Levite > [noun] deaconc1000 Levite1377 c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) i. 19 Þa Iudeas sendon heora sacerdas and heora diaconas fram Ierusalem. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 79 Þer com a prost be þi weie..and wende forð, þer com an diacne. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7009 For luue of a deken wijf,—Mani man þar tint þair lijf [cf. Judges xx. 4]. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Num. ii. 51 The dekenes schulen do doun the tabernacle. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 280 To the dekenis were ȝouun xlviij. citees. 3. a. In Scotland, the president of an incorporated ‘craft’ or trade in any town; formerly ex officio a member of the town-council. ΚΠ 1424 Sc. Acts James I (1597) §39 Ilke Craft suld haue ane Deakon. 1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 102 As thair is in euery craft almaist ane decane [MS. dekin]. a1649 W. Drummond Hist. James V in Wks. (1711) 88 A Deacon of the Crafts is killed by the Faction of the Hamiltons. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker III. 6 The council [of the Edinburgh magistracy] is composed of deacons, one of whom is returned every year, in rotation, as representative of every company of artificers or handicraftsmen. 1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 78 Ye dainty Deacons, an' ye douce Conveeners. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth viii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 224 The presidents, or deacons, as they were termed, of the working classes. b. figurative. A ‘master’ of his craft; a thoroughly capable man. ΚΠ 1823 J. Galt Entail III. x. 98 I had got an inkling o' the law frae my father, who was a deacon at a plea. 1829 W. Scott Waverley (new ed.) II. xvii. 161 Yon man is not a deacon o' his craft. 4. Freemasonry. Name of a particular inferior office in a lodge: see quot. 1813. ΚΠ 1813 J. Ashe Masonic Man. (1825) 227 The Deacons are then named and invested; upon which the new Master addresses them as follows:—‘Brothers J. K., and L. M., I appoint you Deacons of this Lodge. It is your province to attend on the Master, and to assist the Wardens in the active duties of the lodge.’ †5. A set of eucharistic garments for a deacon. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > vestments > clothing of particular functionaries > [noun] > deacon > set of deacon1534 1534 in E. Peacock Eng. Church Furnit. (1866) 201 A whole vestment for a preist w^t deacon and subdeacon of white damaske. 1552 Trans. Essex Arch. Soc. N.S. 1 14 Two chesables, oth^r ways cawlyd deakyn and subdeaken. 1558 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 171 One Cope, a vestment and a deacon all..of red silk. 6. A very young or aborted calf, or its hide. U.S. colloquial. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > calf > [noun] calfa800 follower1424 bostrell1559 calfling1598 moggiec1825 bossy1844 deacon1873 1873 Chicago Tribune 2 Jan. 6/2 Hides..deacons, 50 @ 65 ¢. 1898 E. N. Westcott David Harum xvii. 147 I guess you got a ‘deakin’ in that lot... That calf died, that's what that calf done. 1923 Dial. Notes 5 234 Deacon, a calf of veal age; the hide or skin of such a calf. ‘That hide ain't worth much; it's only a deacon.’ 7. ‘A hunter's name for the young of the elk or wapiti’ (Cent. Dict. Suppl. 1909). 8. ‘The skin of a very young or aborted calf. It must weigh less than 8 pounds’ (Webster 1911). U.S. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > [noun] > skin or hide of young, small, or premature animal kip1530 slink1736 deacon1889 1889 Cent. Dict. Deacon. Compounds deacon-seat n. U.S. a long settee in a log-cabin, cut from a single log. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > seat > sofa or couch > [noun] > other sofas or couches bed-loft1606 Persian bed1654 divana1701 bergère1762 stibadium1840 deacon-seat1851 tuxedo sofa1895 Davenport1897 Chesterfield1900 Madame Récamier1923 Récamier1923 contour couch1952 incliner1978 1851 J. S. Springer Forest Life & Forest Trees 71 Directly over the foot~pole..and in front of the fire, is the deacon-seat. This seat constitutes our sofa or settee. 1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 152 We sat down upon the deacon-seat before the fire. 1889 J. S. Farmer Americanisms Deacon seat, a lumberer's camp term..why so called is difficult to say..unless, indeed, it is an allusion to the seats round a pulpit, facing the congregation, reserved for deacons. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online December 2021). Deaconn.² Etymology: < the name of Henry Deacon (1822–76), English industrial chemist. Used attributively or in the possessive to designate a process for the manufacture of chlorine by the catalytic oxidation of hydrochloric acid. ΚΠ 1876 Encycl. Brit. V. 491/1 The production of chlorine by Deacon's process. 1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §143 Deacon plant man, deacon process man. 1965 C. S. G. Phillips & R. J. P. Williams Inorg. Chem. I. xii. 446 Chlorine has been prepared by displacement with oxygen, in such exothermic reactions as..the Deacon process. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2021). deaconv. Etymology: < deacon n.¹Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈdeacon. U.S. colloquial or slang. 1. transitive (usually to deacon off). To read aloud (a hymn) one or two lines at a time, the congregation singing the lines as soon as read, according to the early practice of the Congregational Churches of New England. Hence figurative. U.S. colloquial. ΚΠ 1845 T. W. Coit Puritanism 232 The insult..was given by deaconing out, as the phrase goes..the following verses from the 52d Psalm. 1848 J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 1st Ser. ix. 125 Without you deacon off the toon you want your folks should sing. 1857 S. G. Goodrich Recoll. Lifetime I. 77 The chorister deaconed the first two lines. 1888 J. R. Lowell Heartsease & Rue 166 Well he knew to deacon-off a hymn. 2. a. To pack (fruit, etc.) with the finest specimens on the top. U.S. slang. ΚΠ 1867 J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 2nd Ser. (new ed.) Introd. p. xlviii To deacon berries is to put the largest atop. 1868 L. M. Alcott Little Women I. xi. 168 The strawberries [were] not as ripe as they looked, having been skilfully ‘deaconed’. b. In various uses connoting unfair or dishonest dealing or the like (cf. doctor v. 2): see quots. U.S. slang. ΚΠ 1839 H. Colman 2nd Rep. Agric. Mass. (Mass. Agric. Surv.) 53 In this case some calves were raised; but most of them were killed at four days old. Throughout the county of Berkshire this mode of dealing with the calves is termed ‘deaconing’ them. 1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) To deacon a calf is to knock it in the head as soon as it is born.—Connecticut. 1889 J. S. Farmer Americanisms To deacon land, to filch land by gradually extending one's fences or boundary lines into the highway or other common property. 1889 Cent. Dict. Deacon, to sophisticate; adulterate; ‘doctor’: as, to deacon wine or other liquor. slang. 3. Ecclesiastical. To make (someone) a deacon; to ordain to the diaconate, to admit to deacon's orders. Cf. priest v. 2. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > order > ordination > ordain [verb (transitive)] > as deacon bedeacon1589 deacon1889 1889 Cent. Dict. Deacon. 1980 Church Times 26 Dec. 16/3 Everyone agreed that the cathedral protest had been dignified. But many were puzzled that it should occur now, as ten women had already been deaconed. 1985 Oxf. Diocesan Mag. Sept. 20/3 To be deaconed by the Bishop of Reading..on Michaelmas Day: Brian Blackman, [etc.]. Derivatives ˈdeaconing n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > order > ordination > [noun] > as deacon deaconing1980 1980 Church Times 26 Dec. 16/4 This is the first public deaconing of a woman in the Diocese of Llandaff. 1986 Church Times 30 May 5/2 She believes that the proposed deaconing of women..is a mark of the respect earned by deaconesses already serving the churches. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹c900n.²1876v.1839
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deaconn.1

Compounds

Deaconn.2

deaconv.

Derivatives

deaconn.¹

Deaconn.²