deemv.

Brit.

/diːm/, U.S.

/dim/

Forms: Old English dœ́man, Old English–Middle English déman, Middle English demen, Middle English–1600s deme, (Middle English–1500s deame, Middle English dem, deyme, Middle English dyme, 1500s Scottish deim, 1600s dim), Middle English–1600s deeme, Middle English– deem. past tense and past participle deemed: Old English démde, démed, Middle English–1600s dempt.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: A Common Germanic derivative verb; Old English dœ́man , déman + Old Frisian déma , Old Saxon a-dômian (Dutch doemen ), Old High German tuomian , tuomen (Middle High German tüemen ), Old Norse dœ́ma (dæma ), (Swedish döma , Danish dömme ), Gothic dômjan < Old Germanic *dômjan . < dômo-z , Gothic dôm-s , judgement, doom n. Compare deme n.¹, doom v.

†1. intransitive. To give or pronounce judgement; to act as judge, sit in judgement; to give one's decision, sentence, or opinion; to arbitrate. Obsolete.In Old English construed with a dative of the person, ‘to pronounce judgement to, act as judge to’, equivalent to the transitive sense in sense 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > form judgement, decide [verb (intransitive)]

deemc825

determinec1384

judgea1400

discerna1425

concludec1515

rest1530

scan1582

arbitrate1590

doom1591

dijudicate1607

dignosce1641

vote1643

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > judge or act as judge [verb (intransitive)]

deemc825

sitOE

justifya1400

judgec1400

to stand in judgement against1558

adjudicate1789

c825 Vesp. Psalter ii. 10 Alle ða ðe doemað eorðan.

971 Blickl. Hom. 11 He cymeþ to demenne cwicum & deadum.

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) vii. 2 Witodlice ðam ylcan dome þe ge demað, eow byð gedemed.

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) viii. 15 Ge demað æfter flæsce, ic ne deme nanum men [c1160 Hatton G., Ich ne deme nane men].

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 304 They..toke a juge therupon..And bede him demen in this cas.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17415 If yee þan rightwisli wil deme, Yeild vs ioseph þat yee suld yeme.

c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine iii. 1464 She..Spak and commaunded, bothe dempte and wrot.

1556 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 262 To arbytrate, deme, and judge betwixt the said Citie and..John Wayte.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Aug. 137 Neuer dempt more right of beautye I weene The shepheard of Ida that iudged beauties Queene.

†2.

a. transitive. To judge, sit in judgement on (a person or cause). Obsolete.The construction with a personal object takes, in Northumbrian and Middle English, the place of the Old English const. with dative in sense 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > judge, determine [verb (transitive)] > pass judgement on

deemc950

i-demeeOE

verdict1594

sentence1600

judge and jury1874

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > judge or determine judicially [verb (transitive)]

deemc950

findeOE

adjudge?c1400

judge1477

retour1497

conclude1523

sentence1586

deraign1601

discern1622

cognosce1634

censure1640

hold1642

adjudicatea1695

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. vii. 2 In ðæm dome gie doemes ge biðon gedoemed [Rushw. Gl. ge beoþ doemde].

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. John viii. 15 Ic ne doemo ænigne monno.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 171 Ure drihten cumeð al middeneard to demen.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 225 Þat sal deme þe quica and þe deade.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John xvi. 11 The prince of this world is now demyd.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21965 In þe first he com dempt to be.

a1456 (a1402) J. Trevisa tr. Gospel of Nicodemus (BL Add.) f. 97^v Men beoþe edemed [Sal: ydemud] by soþenesse of hem þat habbeþe power her in erþe.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 59/2 Moyses satte & juged & demed the peple fro moryng vnto euenyng.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iii. sig. C3^v At th'one side sixe iudges were dispos'd, To view and deeme the deedes of armes that day.

1605 T. Heywood 1st Pt. If you know not Me in Wks. (1874) I. 203 Deeme her offences, if she haue offended, With all the lenity a sister can.

1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 111 Thou Judge be ware, for as ye deme, ze sall be demed.

†b. To rule (a people) as a judge. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > systems governed by person or body > [verb (transitive)] > govern as judge

deemc1330

judgea1400

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 280 Edward now he wille, þat Scotlond be wele ȝemed, And streitly in skille þorgh wise men demed.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7283 Fourti yeir dempt he israel.

c. To administer (law). archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > [verb (transitive)] > carry into effect

deem1393

execute1413

minister1426

administer1443

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. v. 175 By leel men and lyf-holy my lawe shal be demyd.

1718 Bp. T. Wilson in J. Keble Life T. Wilson: Pt. I (1863) xii. 397 That..the 24 Keys may be called, according to the statute and constant practice to deem the law truly.

1887 H. Caine Deemster I. viii. 169 The Deemster was a hard judge, and deemed the laws in rigour.

†d. To decide (a quarrel). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > settlement of dispute, arbitration > settle, arbitrate [verb (transitive)]

redeOE

to-dealc1275

deraignc1330

determinec1380

award1393

decidec1400

decise?a1425

decernc1425

discernc1425

arbitrea1513

deema1513

moder1534

resolve1586

divide1596

arbitrate1597

fit1600

moderate1602

umpire1609

sopite1628

appointa1631

determinate1647

issue1650

settle1651

to cut the melon1911

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxxv. f. lxi^v To suffre his Quarell to be demyd by dynt of swerde atwene them two.

†3.

a. To sentence, doom, condemn (to some penalty, to do or suffer something). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > sentencing > sentence [verb (transitive)]

deemOE

awreaka1300

judgec1300

castc1390

adjudgec1450

awarda1538

sentence1592

doom1594

destinate1611

censurea1616

condemn1653

arraign1658

adjudicatea1681

OE Cynewulf Elene 500 Swa he þurh freondscipe to cwale monige Cristes folces demde to deaþe.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 73 He wurð idemed to þolien wawe mid dovelen in helle.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 75 Þe man þe ortroweð godes mildhertnesse, he is idemd to eche wowe on helle.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 223 Þe sulle ben to deaðe idemd.

c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 2 Ȝet me seiþ ydemyd we beþe In Adam and ine Eue.

c1386 G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale 316 For which I deme the to deth certayn.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 15343 To-morn dai sal i be dempt On rode tre to hang.

c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 12 Leue he is a lyere, his dedis þai done hym deme.

a1525 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Trin. Dublin) 34 Heruyes dome lyket bettre than Reymondes, & weren the Cyteȝeyns to deth Idemed.

?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. *Ei For whiche rebellyon they were there demyd to dethe.

1602 in J. Mill Diary (1889) 180 John Sinclair..is dempt to quyt his guddis.

†b. figurative. To pass (adverse) judgement upon; to condemn, censure. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > dispraise or discommendation > dispraise or discommend [verb (transitive)] > censure or condemn

bidemea1200

convictc1366

reprovea1382

damnc1386

condemna1400

deema1400

saya1400

judgec1400

reprehendc1400

reproacha1475

reprobate?a1475

arguec1475

controlc1525

twit1543

perstringe1549

tax1569

traduce1581

carp1591

censure1605

convince?1606

syndic1609

syndicate1610

to check at1642

reprimand1660

impeach1813

to stroke over1822

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28148 Oþer men dedis oft i demyd.

1493 Chastysing Goddes Chyldern (de Worde) viii. sig. Biij/2 Many thynges they deme & blame.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 123 Wist thir folkis that uthir demis, How that thair sawis to vthir semis.

1555–86 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxvii. 33 Do quhat ȝe dow, detractouris ay will deme ȝou.

1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. ix. 15 Dame deem warrily; ye watna wha wytes your sell.

†4.

a. To decree, ordain, appoint; to decide, determine; to adjudicate or award (a thing to a person).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > ordain, prescribe, or appoint

asetc885

teachc897

deemc900

ashapea1000

i-demeOE

setc1000

shiftc1000

stevenOE

redeOE

willOE

lookc1175

showc1175

stablea1300

devise1303

terminea1325

shapec1330

stightlea1375

determinec1384

judgea1387

sign1389

assize1393

statute1397

commanda1400

decree1399

yarka1400

writec1405

decreetc1425

rule1447

stallc1460

constitute1481

assignc1485

institute1485

prescribec1487

constitue1489

destinate1490

to lay down1493

make?a1513

call1523

plant1529

allot1532

stint1533

determ1535

appointa1538

destinec1540

prescrive1552

lot1560

fore-appoint1561

nominate1564

to set down1576

refer1590

sort1592

doom1594

fit1600

dictate1606

determinate1636

inordera1641

state1647

fix1660

direct1816

c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1891) iv. xxix [xxviii.] 368 Ne wæs ða hweðre sona his halgunge gedemed.

a1000 Exeter Bk. vii. 16 Næfre God demeð þæt ænig eft þæs earm geweorðe.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 95 He demað stiðne dom þam forsune~ȝede.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 232 He habbeð idemed [c1300 Otho imaked] þat ich am duc ofer heom.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11036 He hæhte alle cnihtes demen [c1300 Otho deme] rihte domes.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10035 Ah nu is þe dæi icumen þe Drihten haueð idemed.

c1350 Ayenbite (1866) 269 Þole þane dom þet riȝt heþ y-demd.

c1386 G. Chaucer Doctor's Tale 199 I deme anoon this clerk his seruaunt haue.

1399 Rolls of Parl. III. 452/1 The Lordes..deme and ajuggen and decreen, that [etc.].

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21445 Þe quen has biden us to deme To þe al þat to right es queme.

1464 King Edward IV in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 301 Fynes therfore dempt or to be dempt.

c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) iii. 229 He was halowid and y-huntid..And his dwellinge ydemed a bowe-drawte from hem.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 72/2 In demyng of rightful domes.

1503–4 Act 19 Hen. VII c. 38 Preamb. It was enacted stablisshed ordeyned demed & declared..that [etc.].

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 606 Whateuer ye deme me to do.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 13 The Epistle, in the which Gregory..demed that the Church of Yorke and of London should be euen Peres.

a1605 A. Montgomerie Flyting with Polwart 373 Syne duelie they deemde, what death it sould die.

†b. To decide (to do something). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > resolve or decide [verb]

willOE

ordain1340

deemc1400

delibera1413

machine?c1450

order?1523

decree1526

deliberate1550

fix1788

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1089 Ȝe han demed to do þe dede þat I bidde.

†5.

a. To form or express a judgement or estimate on; to judge, judge of, estimate. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)]

talec897

ween971

takec1175

weigha1200

deem?c1225

judge?c1225

guessc1330

reta1382

accounta1387

aretc1386

assize1393

consider1398

ponder?a1400

adjudgec1440

reckonc1440

peisec1460

ponderate?a1475

poisea1483

trutinate1528

steem1535

rate?1555

sense1564

compute1604

censure1605

cast1606

cense1606

estimate1651

audit1655

state1671

balance1692

esteem1711

appraise1823

figure1854

tally1860

revalue1894

lowball1973

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 215 Abihalt hire wurð þet he paiȝede for hire & dem þer efter hire pris.

c1325 Early Eng. Allit. Poems (1864) (A.) 312 To leue no tale be true to tryȝe, Bot þat hys one skyl may dem.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 59^v Vreyne is I-iuged & I-demed namliche by substaunce & colour.

c1400 Rom. Rose 2200 A cherle is demed by his dede.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Matt. xvi. 4 Thanne ȝe kunne deme the face of heuene, but ȝe moun not wite the tokenes of tymes.

1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) Proem A iv b I desyre men to deme well myne intente.

1596 E. Spenser Hymne in Honour of Love 168 Things hard gotten men more dearely deeme.

†b. To judge between (things), to distinguish, discern. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > discern [verb (transitive)] > distinguish, separate

winnowc825

tryc1330

distinguea1340

divide1377

departc1380

devisea1400

sever1426

perceivea1500

deem1530

discern1533

searcec1535

sort1553

to pick outa1555

decern1559

difference1596

distinguisha1616

severalize1645

separate1651

secern1656

run1795

define1807

sequester1841

differentiate1857

divaricate1868

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 511/1 A blynde man can nat deme no coulours.

1581 B. Rich Farewell Mil. Profession (1846) 67 He is not able to deeme white from blacke, good from badde, vertue from vice.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. i. sig. M7 Thus she him taught, In all the skill of deeming wrong and right.

†c. intransitive. To judge of, to distinguish between.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > discern, discriminate [verb (intransitive)]

winnowc1175

deem1340

knowa1398

discerna1413

perceive1495

descry1582

distinguish1612

discriminate1645

difference1646

differentiate1855

discrepate1894

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 82 Þet hi ne conne yknawe þane day uram þe nyȝt, ne deme betuene grat and smal.

a1542 T. Wyatt Of Courtiers Life 94 Nor Flaunders chere lettes not my syght to deme Of blacke and white.

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. D5 Hereby iudginge of our estate, thou maiest accordinglye deeme of our pleasures.

1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. R1, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) Being himselfe in reputation a Gentleman, and conuersing among such as haue discretion to deeme of him.

6. To form the opinion, to be of opinion; to judge, conclude, think, consider, hold. (The ordinary current sense.)

a. intransitive or absol. (Now chiefly parenthetical.)

ΚΠ

a800 Corpus Gloss. 440 Censeo, doema.

c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) i. xvi. [xxvii.] 86 Þæs þe ic demo [L. ut arbitror].

c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) xxvi. 155 Censeo ic deme oððe ic asmeage.

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Dido. 1244 And demede as hem liste.

c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 932 For sche is fairer, as thay demen alle, Than is Grisild.

a1400 Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. (1867) 20 To fele and with resone to deme.

1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. C4^v, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) He is not..here in the Countrey, but as I deeme and you haue informed, about London.

1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey I. iii. 61 He too, I deem, implores the pow'rs divine.

b. with object and complement (n., adj. or participle, or infinitive phr.; †formerly often with for, as).

ΚΠ

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 96 Þu schuldest deme þe seolf wod.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11048 Þene þe king demde for-lore.

1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 218 Oure doctourus dere, demed for wise.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 26814 It mai nan him for buxum deme.

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 102 I demede him for deed.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 5163 Þai demed it better all' to dye.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cxcj^v What so euer ieoperdy or perill might bee construed or demed, to haue insued.

1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) i. 35 A vertue which you deeme yourselfe to have.

a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 51 I deemed it much my best and shortest way.

1681 P. Rycaut tr. B. Gracián y Morales Critick 201 He went to the House of the World, which was always deemed for a Deceiver.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 1 For never can I deem him less than God.

1754 J. Shebbeare Marriage Act I. ix. 57 Deem'd as very unjust in Gaming.

1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 293 A general permission..appears to have been deemed sufficient.

1855 C. M. Yonge Cameos xxxv, in Monthly Packet Nov. 327 Harold..deemed it time to repress these inroads.

1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 398 Works..which have been deemed to fulfil their design fairly.

c. with that and clause.

ΚΠ

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12101 Men gunnen demen [c1300 Otho deame]. þat nes i nane londe burh nan swa hende.

c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 940 I ought to deme..That in the salte see my wyf is deed.

c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1544) i. ii. 5 a Nembroth..Dempt..He transcended al other of noblesse.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin i. 10 She demed that it was the enmy that so hadde hir begiled.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. i. 2 We may boldly deeme there is neither, where both are not.

1739 W. Melmoth Fitzosborne Lett. (1763) 291 Nor dempt he, simple wight, no mortal may The blinded god..when he list, foresay.

1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid ii, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 126 Deeming we come with forces allied.

7. intransitive. To judge or think (in a specified way) of a person or thing.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > estimate [verb (intransitive)]

deemc1384

to make much (also little, nothing, too much, etc.) of (or on)c1395

counta1400

thinka1400

reputatec1450

reckon1567

weigh1573

repute1579

esteem1583

censure1592

take stock1736

c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame ii. 88 Thow demest of thy selfe amys.

c1400 Rom. Rose 2198 Of hem noon other deme I can.

c1440 Generydes 4710 Wele I wote in hym ye demyd amys.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. B4^v Let vs see how the Greekes named it [sc. Poetry], and howe they deemed of it.

1592 A. Day Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) i. sig. Y3 I shall..giue you so good occasion to deeme well of me.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 599 Though higher of the genial Bed by far, And with mysterious reverence I deem .

1762 W. Blackstone in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) II. 362 These capital mistakes..occasion'd the Editor..to deem with less reverence of this Roll.

1814 W. Scott Waverley III. xiv. 181 Where the ties of affection were highly deemed of.

1860 J. P. Kennedy Horse-shoe Robinson (rev. ed.) ix. 105 I cannot deem otherwise of them.

†8. To think to do something, to expect, hope.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > expect [verb (transitive)] > to do something

thinkOE

trow1340

intendc1374

believea1393

deemc1475

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 51 Symon Magus..was reprouid of Petre, for he demid to possede þe ȝeft of God bi money.

1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto II clxxii. 205 A creature meant To be her happiness, and whom she deem'd To render happy.

†9.

a. transitive. To think of (something) as existent; to guess, suspect, surmise, imagine. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > suppose, surmise [verb (transitive)]

ween971

readOE

aweena1275

guessc1380

supposec1384

seemc1386

imaginec1405

presupposec1443

deem1470

surmise1509

suspectc1550

doubt1568

expect1592

s'pose1632

fancy1672

sus1958

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. xxvi As Kynge mark redde these letters, he demed treson by syr Tristram.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 528 Ne deme no dishonesty in your derfe hert, Þof I put me þus pertly my purpos to shewe.

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. O2^v Your immaginations doe alreadye deeme the matter I muste vtter.

1598 E. Ford Parismus iii. sig. D^v All the companie began to deeme that which afterward prooued true.

b. intransitive. To think of, have a thought or idea of.

ΚΠ

1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision (Chandos) 302 The shining of a flambeau at his back Lit sudden ere he deem of its approach.

1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV cxxxvii. 71 Something unearthly, which they deem not of.

†10.

a. transitive. To pronounce, proclaim, celebrate, announce, declare; to tell, say, utter. Also intransitive with of. [An exclusively poetic sense, found already in Old English, probably derived from sense 4. Cf. also Old Norse dœ́ma in poetry, to talk.]

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > announce or proclaim [verb (transitive)]

kithec725

i-bedea800

abedeeOE

bid971

deemOE

bodea1000

tellOE

clepec1275

to tell outa1382

denouncec1384

publishc1384

descryc1390

pronouncec1390

proclaima1393

sound1412

proclaim?a1425

renouncea1425

announcec1429

preconize?1440

announce1483

reclaim?1503

call1523

to speak forth1526

annunciate1533

protest1533

to breathe out1535

denouncec1540

enact1611

deblazon1621

deblaze1640

advise1647

apostolize1652

indigitatea1670

enounce1807

voice1850

norate1851

enunciate1864

post1961

OE Guthlac A 527 Forþon is nuarlic þæt we æfæstra dæde demen, secgen dryhtne lof ealra þara bisena.

a1000 Fat. Apost. (Gr.) 10 Þær hie dryhtnes æ deman sceoldon, reccan fore rincum.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11507 Ælles ne cunne we demen [c1300 Otho telle] of Arðures deðen.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 154 Alle þer lymmes, how þai besemed, In his buke has Dares demed, Both of Troie & of Grece.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 151 Hire deth was neiȝ diȝt to deme þe soþe.

a1400–50 Alexander 1231 Þan he dryfes to þe duke, as demys [Dubl. MS. tellys] þe textis.

c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 119 Dyngne Dauid..þat demed þis speche, In a psalme.

a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) ii. sig. Aiii^v Then some gan deme to me The cruell wrek of him that framde the craft [L. crudele canebant artificis scelus].

†b. with double object. To celebrate as, style, call, name. poetic. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > call or give as name to

nemneOE

clepec1000

hightOE

sayOE

nameOE

yclepec1175

callc1300

nevena1400

deemc1400

christena1470

nominate1545

term1545

titulea1550

behight1579

benamea1586

inquire1590

nuncupate1609

indigitate1623

font1652

vocitate1653

express1659

appellate1768

nomenclature1824

the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > call or give as name to > designate or style as

sayOE

calla1250

deemc1400

nevenc1425

qualify?1465

designa1500

expound1530

style1570

intenda1599

dub1607

instyle1607

phrase1607

enstyle1616

speaka1625

cognominate1632

determine1653

clapa1657

designate1669

intimate1799

nominate1799

bedub1884

tab1924

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1611 Baltazar..Þat now is demed Danyel of derne coninges.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1020 Forþy þe derk dede see hit is demed euer more.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	deem
释义	† deemn. Brit. /diːm/, U.S. /dim/ Etymology: < deem v. Obsolete. Judgement, opinion, thought, surmise. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > [noun] weenc888 doomc900 advicec1300 wonec1300 opiniona1325 sentence1340 sight1362 estimationc1374 witc1374 assent1377 judgementa1393 supposinga1393 mindc1400 reputationc1400 feelingc1425 suffrage1531 counta1535 existimation1535 consent1599 vote1606 deem1609 repute1610 judicaturea1631 estimate1637 measure1650 sentiment1675 account1703 sensation1795 think1835 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iv. v. 58 Troy. Here mee loue? be thou but true of heart. Cres. I true? how now? what wicked deme is this? View more context for this quotation 1629 J. Gaule Distractions 163 Honour what is it; but an imposed..Hight, and Deeme? 1648 E. Symmons Vindic. King Charles (new ed.) 292 Much wrong should they have in the world's deem. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022). deemv. Brit. /diːm/, U.S. /dim/ Forms: Old English dœ́man, Old English–Middle English déman, Middle English demen, Middle English–1600s deme, (Middle English–1500s deame, Middle English dem, deyme, Middle English dyme, 1500s Scottish deim, 1600s dim), Middle English–1600s deeme, Middle English– deem. past tense and past participle deemed: Old English démde, démed, Middle English–1600s dempt. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: A Common Germanic derivative verb; Old English dœ́man , déman + Old Frisian déma , Old Saxon a-dômian (Dutch doemen ), Old High German tuomian , tuomen (Middle High German tüemen ), Old Norse dœ́ma (dæma ), (Swedish döma , Danish dömme ), Gothic dômjan < Old Germanic dômjan . < dômo-z* , Gothic dôm-s , judgement, doom n. Compare deme n.¹, doom v. †1. intransitive. To give or pronounce judgement; to act as judge, sit in judgement; to give one's decision, sentence, or opinion; to arbitrate. Obsolete.In Old English construed with a dative of the person, ‘to pronounce judgement to, act as judge to’, equivalent to the transitive sense in sense 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > form judgement, decide [verb (intransitive)] deemc825 determinec1384 judgea1400 discerna1425 concludec1515 rest1530 scan1582 arbitrate1590 doom1591 dijudicate1607 dignosce1641 vote1643 society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > judge or act as judge [verb (intransitive)] deemc825 sitOE justifya1400 judgec1400 to stand in judgement against1558 adjudicate1789 c825 Vesp. Psalter ii. 10 Alle ða ðe doemað eorðan. 971 Blickl. Hom. 11 He cymeþ to demenne cwicum & deadum. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) vii. 2 Witodlice ðam ylcan dome þe ge demað, eow byð gedemed. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) viii. 15 Ge demað æfter flæsce, ic ne deme nanum men [c1160 Hatton G., Ich ne deme nane men]. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 304 They..toke a juge therupon..And bede him demen in this cas. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17415 If yee þan rightwisli wil deme, Yeild vs ioseph þat yee suld yeme. c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine iii. 1464 She..Spak and commaunded, bothe dempte and wrot. 1556 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 262 To arbytrate, deme, and judge betwixt the said Citie and..John Wayte. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Aug. 137 Neuer dempt more right of beautye I weene The shepheard of Ida that iudged beauties Queene. †2. a. transitive. To judge, sit in judgement on (a person or cause). Obsolete.The construction with a personal object takes, in Northumbrian and Middle English, the place of the Old English const. with dative in sense 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > judge, determine [verb (transitive)] > pass judgement on deemc950 i-demeeOE verdict1594 sentence1600 judge and jury1874 society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > judge or determine judicially [verb (transitive)] deemc950 findeOE adjudge?c1400 judge1477 retour1497 conclude1523 sentence1586 deraign1601 discern1622 cognosce1634 censure1640 hold1642 adjudicatea1695 c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. vii. 2 In ðæm dome gie doemes ge biðon gedoemed [Rushw. Gl. ge beoþ doemde]. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. John viii. 15 Ic ne doemo ænigne monno. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 171 Ure drihten cumeð al middeneard to demen. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 225 Þat sal deme þe quica and þe deade. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John xvi. 11 The prince of this world is now demyd. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21965 In þe first he com dempt to be. a1456 (a1402) J. Trevisa tr. Gospel of Nicodemus (BL Add.) f. 97^v Men beoþe edemed [Sal: ydemud] by soþenesse of hem þat habbeþe power her in erþe. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 59/2 Moyses satte & juged & demed the peple fro moryng vnto euenyng. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iii. sig. C3^v At th'one side sixe iudges were dispos'd, To view and deeme the deedes of armes that day. View more context for this quotation 1605 T. Heywood 1st Pt. If you know not Me in Wks. (1874) I. 203 Deeme her offences, if she haue offended, With all the lenity a sister can. 1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 111 Thou Judge be ware, for as ye deme, ze sall be demed. †b. To rule (a people) as a judge. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > systems governed by person or body > [verb (transitive)] > govern as judge deemc1330 judgea1400 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 280 Edward now he wille, þat Scotlond be wele ȝemed, And streitly in skille þorgh wise men demed. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7283 Fourti yeir dempt he israel. c. To administer (law). archaic. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > [verb (transitive)] > carry into effect deem1393 execute1413 minister1426 administer1443 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. v. 175 By leel men and lyf-holy my lawe shal be demyd. 1718 Bp. T. Wilson in J. Keble Life T. Wilson: Pt. I (1863) xii. 397 That..the 24 Keys may be called, according to the statute and constant practice to deem the law truly. 1887 H. Caine Deemster I. viii. 169 The Deemster was a hard judge, and deemed the laws in rigour. †d. To decide (a quarrel). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > settlement of dispute, arbitration > settle, arbitrate [verb (transitive)] redeOE to-dealc1275 deraignc1330 determinec1380 award1393 decidec1400 decise?a1425 decernc1425 discernc1425 arbitrea1513 deema1513 moder1534 resolve1586 divide1596 arbitrate1597 fit1600 moderate1602 umpire1609 sopite1628 appointa1631 determinate1647 issue1650 settle1651 to cut the melon1911 a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxxv. f. lxi^v To suffre his Quarell to be demyd by dynt of swerde atwene them two. †3. a. To sentence, doom, condemn (to some penalty, to do or suffer something). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > sentencing > sentence [verb (transitive)] deemOE awreaka1300 judgec1300 castc1390 adjudgec1450 awarda1538 sentence1592 doom1594 destinate1611 censurea1616 condemn1653 arraign1658 adjudicatea1681 OE Cynewulf Elene 500 Swa he þurh freondscipe to cwale monige Cristes folces demde to deaþe. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 73 He wurð idemed to þolien wawe mid dovelen in helle. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 75 Þe man þe ortroweð godes mildhertnesse, he is idemd to eche wowe on helle. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 223 Þe sulle ben to deaðe idemd. c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 2 Ȝet me seiþ ydemyd we beþe In Adam and ine Eue. c1386 G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale 316 For which I deme the to deth certayn. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 15343 To-morn dai sal i be dempt On rode tre to hang. c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 12 Leue he is a lyere, his dedis þai done hym deme. a1525 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Trin. Dublin) 34 Heruyes dome lyket bettre than Reymondes, & weren the Cyteȝeyns to deth Idemed. ?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. Ei For whiche rebellyon they were there demyd to dethe. 1602 in J. Mill Diary* (1889) 180 John Sinclair..is dempt to quyt his guddis. †b. figurative. To pass (adverse) judgement upon; to condemn, censure. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > dispraise or discommendation > dispraise or discommend [verb (transitive)] > censure or condemn bidemea1200 convictc1366 reprovea1382 damnc1386 condemna1400 deema1400 saya1400 judgec1400 reprehendc1400 reproacha1475 reprobate?a1475 arguec1475 controlc1525 twit1543 perstringe1549 tax1569 traduce1581 carp1591 censure1605 convince?1606 syndic1609 syndicate1610 to check at1642 reprimand1660 impeach1813 to stroke over1822 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28148 Oþer men dedis oft i demyd. 1493 Chastysing Goddes Chyldern (de Worde) viii. sig. Biij/2 Many thynges they deme & blame. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 123 Wist thir folkis that uthir demis, How that thair sawis to vthir semis. 1555–86 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxvii. 33 Do quhat ȝe dow, detractouris ay will deme ȝou. 1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. ix. 15 Dame deem warrily; ye watna wha wytes your sell. †4. a. To decree, ordain, appoint; to decide, determine; to adjudicate or award (a thing to a person). ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > ordain, prescribe, or appoint asetc885 teachc897 deemc900 ashapea1000 i-demeOE setc1000 shiftc1000 stevenOE redeOE willOE lookc1175 showc1175 stablea1300 devise1303 terminea1325 shapec1330 stightlea1375 determinec1384 judgea1387 sign1389 assize1393 statute1397 commanda1400 decree1399 yarka1400 writec1405 decreetc1425 rule1447 stallc1460 constitute1481 assignc1485 institute1485 prescribec1487 constitue1489 destinate1490 to lay down1493 make?a1513 call1523 plant1529 allot1532 stint1533 determ1535 appointa1538 destinec1540 prescrive1552 lot1560 fore-appoint1561 nominate1564 to set down1576 refer1590 sort1592 doom1594 fit1600 dictate1606 determinate1636 inordera1641 state1647 fix1660 direct1816 c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1891) iv. xxix [xxviii.] 368 Ne wæs ða hweðre sona his halgunge gedemed. a1000 Exeter Bk. vii. 16 Næfre God demeð þæt ænig eft þæs earm geweorðe. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 95 He demað stiðne dom þam forsune~ȝede. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 232 He habbeð idemed [c1300 Otho imaked] þat ich am duc ofer heom. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11036 He hæhte alle cnihtes demen [c1300 Otho deme] rihte domes. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10035 Ah nu is þe dæi icumen þe Drihten haueð idemed. c1350 Ayenbite (1866) 269 Þole þane dom þet riȝt heþ y-demd. c1386 G. Chaucer Doctor's Tale 199 I deme anoon this clerk his seruaunt haue. 1399 Rolls of Parl. III. 452/1 The Lordes..deme and ajuggen and decreen, that [etc.]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21445 Þe quen has biden us to deme To þe al þat to right es queme. 1464 King Edward IV in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 301 Fynes therfore dempt or to be dempt. c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) iii. 229 He was halowid and y-huntid..And his dwellinge ydemed a bowe-drawte from hem. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 72/2 In demyng of rightful domes. 1503–4 Act 19 Hen. VII c. 38 Preamb. It was enacted stablisshed ordeyned demed & declared..that [etc.]. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 606 Whateuer ye deme me to do. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 13 The Epistle, in the which Gregory..demed that the Church of Yorke and of London should be euen Peres. a1605 A. Montgomerie Flyting with Polwart 373 Syne duelie they deemde, what death it sould die. †b. To decide (to do something). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > resolve or decide [verb] willOE ordain1340 deemc1400 delibera1413 machine?c1450 order?1523 decree1526 deliberate1550 fix1788 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1089 Ȝe han demed to do þe dede þat I bidde. †5. a. To form or express a judgement or estimate on; to judge, judge of, estimate. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] talec897 ween971 takec1175 weigha1200 deem?c1225 judge?c1225 guessc1330 reta1382 accounta1387 aretc1386 assize1393 consider1398 ponder?a1400 adjudgec1440 reckonc1440 peisec1460 ponderate?a1475 poisea1483 trutinate1528 steem1535 rate?1555 sense1564 compute1604 censure1605 cast1606 cense1606 estimate1651 audit1655 state1671 balance1692 esteem1711 appraise1823 figure1854 tally1860 revalue1894 lowball1973 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 215 Abihalt hire wurð þet he paiȝede for hire & dem þer efter hire pris. c1325 Early Eng. Allit. Poems (1864) (A.) 312 To leue no tale be true to tryȝe, Bot þat hys one skyl may dem. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 59^v Vreyne is I-iuged & I-demed namliche by substaunce & colour. c1400 Rom. Rose 2200 A cherle is demed by his dede. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Matt. xvi. 4 Thanne ȝe kunne deme the face of heuene, but ȝe moun not wite the tokenes of tymes. 1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) Proem A iv b I desyre men to deme well myne intente. 1596 E. Spenser Hymne in Honour of Love 168 Things hard gotten men more dearely deeme. †b. To judge between (things), to distinguish, discern. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > discern [verb (transitive)] > distinguish, separate winnowc825 tryc1330 distinguea1340 divide1377 departc1380 devisea1400 sever1426 perceivea1500 deem1530 discern1533 searcec1535 sort1553 to pick outa1555 decern1559 difference1596 distinguisha1616 severalize1645 separate1651 secern1656 run1795 define1807 sequester1841 differentiate1857 divaricate1868 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 511/1 A blynde man can nat deme no coulours. 1581 B. Rich Farewell Mil. Profession (1846) 67 He is not able to deeme white from blacke, good from badde, vertue from vice. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. i. sig. M7 Thus she him taught, In all the skill of deeming wrong and right. View more context for this quotation †c. intransitive. To judge of, to distinguish between. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > discern, discriminate [verb (intransitive)] winnowc1175 deem1340 knowa1398 discerna1413 perceive1495 descry1582 distinguish1612 discriminate1645 difference1646 differentiate1855 discrepate1894 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 82 Þet hi ne conne yknawe þane day uram þe nyȝt, ne deme betuene grat and smal. a1542 T. Wyatt Of Courtiers Life 94 Nor Flaunders chere lettes not my syght to deme Of blacke and white. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. D5 Hereby iudginge of our estate, thou maiest accordinglye deeme of our pleasures. 1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. R1, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) Being himselfe in reputation a Gentleman, and conuersing among such as haue discretion to deeme of him. 6. To form the opinion, to be of opinion; to judge, conclude, think, consider, hold. (The ordinary current sense.) a. intransitive or absol. (Now chiefly parenthetical.) ΚΠ a800 Corpus Gloss. 440 Censeo, doema. c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) i. xvi. [xxvii.] 86 Þæs þe ic demo [L. ut arbitror]. c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) xxvi. 155 Censeo ic deme oððe ic asmeage. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Dido. 1244 And demede as hem liste. c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 932 For sche is fairer, as thay demen alle, Than is Grisild. a1400 Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. (1867) 20 To fele and with resone to deme. 1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. C4^v, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) He is not..here in the Countrey, but as I deeme and you haue informed, about London. 1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey I. iii. 61 He too, I deem, implores the pow'rs divine. b. with object and complement (n., adj. or participle, or infinitive phr.; †formerly often with for, as). ΚΠ ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 96 Þu schuldest deme þe seolf wod. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11048 Þene þe king demde for-lore. 1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 218 Oure doctourus dere, demed for wise. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 26814 It mai nan him for buxum deme. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 102 I demede him for deed. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 5163 Þai demed it better all' to dye. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cxcj^v What so euer ieoperdy or perill might bee construed or demed, to haue insued. 1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) i. 35 A vertue which you deeme yourselfe to have. a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 51 I deemed it much my best and shortest way. 1681 P. Rycaut tr. B. Gracián y Morales Critick 201 He went to the House of the World, which was always deemed for a Deceiver. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 1 For never can I deem him less than God. 1754 J. Shebbeare Marriage Act I. ix. 57 Deem'd as very unjust in Gaming. 1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 293 A general permission..appears to have been deemed sufficient. 1855 C. M. Yonge Cameos xxxv, in Monthly Packet Nov. 327 Harold..deemed it time to repress these inroads. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 398 Works..which have been deemed to fulfil their design fairly. c. with that and clause. ΚΠ c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12101 Men gunnen demen [c1300 Otho deame]. þat nes i nane londe burh nan swa hende. c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 940 I ought to deme..That in the salte see my wyf is deed. c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1544) i. ii. 5 a Nembroth..Dempt..He transcended al other of noblesse. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin i. 10 She demed that it was the enmy that so hadde hir begiled. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. i. 2 We may boldly deeme there is neither, where both are not. 1739 W. Melmoth Fitzosborne Lett. (1763) 291 Nor dempt he, simple wight, no mortal may The blinded god..when he list, foresay. 1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid ii, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 126 Deeming we come with forces allied. 7. intransitive. To judge or think (in a specified way) of a person or thing. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > estimate [verb (intransitive)] deemc1384 to make much (also little, nothing, too much, etc.) of (or on)c1395 counta1400 thinka1400 reputatec1450 reckon1567 weigh1573 repute1579 esteem1583 censure1592 take stock1736 c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame ii. 88 Thow demest of thy selfe amys. c1400 Rom. Rose 2198 Of hem noon other deme I can. c1440 Generydes 4710 Wele I wote in hym ye demyd amys. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. B4^v Let vs see how the Greekes named it [sc. Poetry], and howe they deemed of it. 1592 A. Day Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) i. sig. Y3 I shall..giue you so good occasion to deeme well of me. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 599 Though higher of the genial Bed by far, And with mysterious reverence I deem . View more context for this quotation 1762 W. Blackstone in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) II. 362 These capital mistakes..occasion'd the Editor..to deem with less reverence of this Roll. 1814 W. Scott Waverley III. xiv. 181 Where the ties of affection were highly deemed of. View more context for this quotation 1860 J. P. Kennedy Horse-shoe Robinson (rev. ed.) ix. 105 I cannot deem otherwise of them. †8. To think to do something, to expect, hope. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > expect [verb (transitive)] > to do something thinkOE trow1340 intendc1374 believea1393 deemc1475 c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 51 Symon Magus..was reprouid of Petre, for he demid to possede þe ȝeft of God bi money. 1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto II clxxii. 205 A creature meant To be her happiness, and whom she deem'd To render happy. †9. a. transitive. To think of (something) as existent; to guess, suspect, surmise, imagine. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > suppose, surmise [verb (transitive)] ween971 readOE aweena1275 guessc1380 supposec1384 seemc1386 imaginec1405 presupposec1443 deem1470 surmise1509 suspectc1550 doubt1568 expect1592 s'pose1632 fancy1672 sus1958 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. xxvi As Kynge mark redde these letters, he demed treson by syr Tristram. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 528 Ne deme no dishonesty in your derfe hert, Þof I put me þus pertly my purpos to shewe. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. O2^v Your immaginations doe alreadye deeme the matter I muste vtter. 1598 E. Ford Parismus iii. sig. D^v All the companie began to deeme that which afterward prooued true. b. intransitive. To think of, have a thought or idea of. ΚΠ 1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision (Chandos) 302 The shining of a flambeau at his back Lit sudden ere he deem of its approach. 1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV cxxxvii. 71 Something unearthly, which they deem not of. †10. a. transitive. To pronounce, proclaim, celebrate, announce, declare; to tell, say, utter. Also intransitive with of. [An exclusively poetic sense, found already in Old English, probably derived from sense 4. Cf. also Old Norse dœ́ma in poetry, to talk.] ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > announce or proclaim [verb (transitive)] kithec725 i-bedea800 abedeeOE bid971 deemOE bodea1000 tellOE clepec1275 to tell outa1382 denouncec1384 publishc1384 descryc1390 pronouncec1390 proclaima1393 sound1412 proclaim?a1425 renouncea1425 announcec1429 preconize?1440 announce1483 reclaim?1503 call1523 to speak forth1526 annunciate1533 protest1533 to breathe out1535 denouncec1540 enact1611 deblazon1621 deblaze1640 advise1647 apostolize1652 indigitatea1670 enounce1807 voice1850 norate1851 enunciate1864 post1961 OE Guthlac A 527 Forþon is nuarlic þæt we æfæstra dæde demen, secgen dryhtne lof ealra þara bisena. a1000 Fat. Apost. (Gr.) 10 Þær hie dryhtnes æ deman sceoldon, reccan fore rincum. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11507 Ælles ne cunne we demen [c1300 Otho telle] of Arðures deðen. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 154 Alle þer lymmes, how þai besemed, In his buke has Dares demed, Both of Troie & of Grece. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 151 Hire deth was neiȝ diȝt to deme þe soþe. a1400–50 Alexander 1231 Þan he dryfes to þe duke, as demys [Dubl. MS. tellys] þe textis. c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 119 Dyngne Dauid..þat demed þis speche, In a psalme. a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) ii. sig. Aiii^v Then some gan deme to me The cruell wrek of him that framde the craft [L. crudele canebant artificis scelus]. †b. with double object. To celebrate as, style, call, name. poetic. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > call or give as name to nemneOE clepec1000 hightOE sayOE nameOE yclepec1175 callc1300 nevena1400 deemc1400 christena1470 nominate1545 term1545 titulea1550 behight1579 benamea1586 inquire1590 nuncupate1609 indigitate1623 font1652 vocitate1653 express1659 appellate1768 nomenclature1824 the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > call or give as name to > designate or style as sayOE calla1250 deemc1400 nevenc1425 qualify?1465 designa1500 expound1530 style1570 read1590 intenda1599 dub1607 instyle1607 phrase1607 enstyle1616 speaka1625 cognominate1632 determine1653 clapa1657 designate1669 intimate1799 nominate1799 bedub1884 tab1924 c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1611 Baltazar..Þat now is demed Danyel of derne coninges. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1020 Forþy þe derk dede see hit is demed euer more. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1609v.a800
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† deemn.

deemv.