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单词 deem
释义

deemn.

Brit. /diːm/, U.S. /dim/
Etymology: < deem v.
Obsolete.
Judgement, opinion, thought, surmise.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > [noun]
weenc888
doomc900
advicec1300
wonec1300
opiniona1325
sentence1340
sight1362
estimationc1374
witc1374
assent1377
judgementa1393
supposinga1393
mindc1400
reputationc1400
feelingc1425
suffrage1531
counta1535
existimation1535
consent1599
vote1606
deem1609
repute1610
judicaturea1631
estimate1637
measure1650
sentiment1675
account1703
sensation1795
think1835
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iv. v. 58 Troy. Here mee loue? be thou but true of heart. Cres. I true? how now? what wicked deme is this? View more context for this quotation
1629 J. Gaule Distractions 163 Honour what is it; but an imposed..Hight, and Deeme?
1648 E. Symmons Vindic. King Charles (new ed.) 292 Much wrong should they have in the world's deem.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

deemv.

Brit. /diːm/, U.S. /dim/
Forms: Old English dœ́man, Old English–Middle English déman, Middle English demen, Middle English–1600s deme, (Middle English–1500s deame, Middle English dem, deyme, Middle English dyme, 1500s Scottish deim, 1600s dim), Middle English–1600s deeme, Middle English– deem. past tense and past participle deemed: Old English démde, démed, Middle English–1600s dempt.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: A Common Germanic derivative verb; Old English dœ́man , déman + Old Frisian déma , Old Saxon a-dômian (Dutch doemen ), Old High German tuomian , tuomen (Middle High German tüemen ), Old Norse dœ́ma (dæma ), (Swedish döma , Danish dömme ), Gothic dômjan < Old Germanic *dômjan . < dômo-z , Gothic dôm-s , judgement, doom n. Compare deme n.1, doom v.
1. intransitive. To give or pronounce judgement; to act as judge, sit in judgement; to give one's decision, sentence, or opinion; to arbitrate. Obsolete.In Old English construed with a dative of the person, ‘to pronounce judgement to, act as judge to’, equivalent to the transitive sense in sense 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > form judgement, decide [verb (intransitive)]
deemc825
determinec1384
judgea1400
discerna1425
concludec1515
rest1530
scan1582
arbitrate1590
doom1591
dijudicate1607
dignosce1641
vote1643
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > judge or act as judge [verb (intransitive)]
deemc825
sitOE
justifya1400
judgec1400
to stand in judgement against1558
adjudicate1789
c825 Vesp. Psalter ii. 10 Alle ða ðe doemað eorðan.
971 Blickl. Hom. 11 He cymeþ to demenne cwicum & deadum.
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) vii. 2 Witodlice ðam ylcan dome þe ge demað, eow byð gedemed.
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) viii. 15 Ge demað æfter flæsce, ic ne deme nanum men [c1160 Hatton G., Ich ne deme nane men].
1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 304 They..toke a juge therupon..And bede him demen in this cas.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17415 If yee þan rightwisli wil deme, Yeild vs ioseph þat yee suld yeme.
c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine iii. 1464 She..Spak and commaunded, bothe dempte and wrot.
1556 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 262 To arbytrate, deme, and judge betwixt the said Citie and..John Wayte.
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Aug. 137 Neuer dempt more right of beautye I weene The shepheard of Ida that iudged beauties Queene.
2.
a. transitive. To judge, sit in judgement on (a person or cause). Obsolete.The construction with a personal object takes, in Northumbrian and Middle English, the place of the Old English const. with dative in sense 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > judge, determine [verb (transitive)] > pass judgement on
deemc950
i-demeeOE
verdict1594
sentence1600
judge and jury1874
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > judge or determine judicially [verb (transitive)]
deemc950
findeOE
adjudge?c1400
judge1477
retour1497
conclude1523
sentence1586
deraign1601
discern1622
cognosce1634
censure1640
hold1642
adjudicatea1695
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. vii. 2 In ðæm dome gie doemes ge biðon gedoemed [Rushw. Gl. ge beoþ doemde].
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. John viii. 15 Ic ne doemo ænigne monno.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 171 Ure drihten cumeð al middeneard to demen.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 225 Þat sal deme þe quica and þe deade.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John xvi. 11 The prince of this world is now demyd.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21965 In þe first he com dempt to be.
a1456 (a1402) J. Trevisa tr. Gospel of Nicodemus (BL Add.) f. 97v Men beoþe edemed [Sal: ydemud] by soþenesse of hem þat habbeþe power her in erþe.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 59/2 Moyses satte & juged & demed the peple fro moryng vnto euenyng.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iii. sig. C3v At th'one side sixe iudges were dispos'd, To view and deeme the deedes of armes that day. View more context for this quotation
1605 T. Heywood 1st Pt. If you know not Me in Wks. (1874) I. 203 Deeme her offences, if she haue offended, With all the lenity a sister can.
1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 111 Thou Judge be ware, for as ye deme, ze sall be demed.
b. To rule (a people) as a judge. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > systems governed by person or body > [verb (transitive)] > govern as judge
deemc1330
judgea1400
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 280 Edward now he wille, þat Scotlond be wele ȝemed, And streitly in skille þorgh wise men demed.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7283 Fourti yeir dempt he israel.
c. To administer (law). archaic.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > [verb (transitive)] > carry into effect
deem1393
execute1413
minister1426
administer1443
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. v. 175 By leel men and lyf-holy my lawe shal be demyd.
1718 Bp. T. Wilson in J. Keble Life T. Wilson: Pt. I (1863) xii. 397 That..the 24 Keys may be called, according to the statute and constant practice to deem the law truly.
1887 H. Caine Deemster I. viii. 169 The Deemster was a hard judge, and deemed the laws in rigour.
d. To decide (a quarrel). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > settlement of dispute, arbitration > settle, arbitrate [verb (transitive)]
redeOE
to-dealc1275
deraignc1330
determinec1380
award1393
decidec1400
decise?a1425
decernc1425
discernc1425
arbitrea1513
deema1513
moder1534
resolve1586
divide1596
arbitrate1597
fit1600
moderate1602
umpire1609
sopite1628
appointa1631
determinate1647
issue1650
settle1651
to cut the melon1911
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxxv. f. lxiv To suffre his Quarell to be demyd by dynt of swerde atwene them two.
3.
a. To sentence, doom, condemn (to some penalty, to do or suffer something). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > sentencing > sentence [verb (transitive)]
deemOE
awreaka1300
judgec1300
castc1390
adjudgec1450
awarda1538
sentence1592
doom1594
destinate1611
censurea1616
condemn1653
arraign1658
adjudicatea1681
OE Cynewulf Elene 500 Swa he þurh freondscipe to cwale monige Cristes folces demde to deaþe.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 73 He wurð idemed to þolien wawe mid dovelen in helle.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 75 Þe man þe ortroweð godes mildhertnesse, he is idemd to eche wowe on helle.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 223 Þe sulle ben to deaðe idemd.
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 2 Ȝet me seiþ ydemyd we beþe In Adam and ine Eue.
c1386 G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale 316 For which I deme the to deth certayn.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 15343 To-morn dai sal i be dempt On rode tre to hang.
c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 12 Leue he is a lyere, his dedis þai done hym deme.
a1525 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Trin. Dublin) 34 Heruyes dome lyket bettre than Reymondes, & weren the Cyteȝeyns to deth Idemed.
?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. *Ei For whiche rebellyon they were there demyd to dethe.
1602 in J. Mill Diary (1889) 180 John Sinclair..is dempt to quyt his guddis.
b. figurative. To pass (adverse) judgement upon; to condemn, censure. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > dispraise or discommendation > dispraise or discommend [verb (transitive)] > censure or condemn
bidemea1200
convictc1366
reprovea1382
damnc1386
condemna1400
deema1400
saya1400
judgec1400
reprehendc1400
reproacha1475
reprobate?a1475
arguec1475
controlc1525
twit1543
perstringe1549
tax1569
traduce1581
carp1591
censure1605
convince?1606
syndic1609
syndicate1610
to check at1642
reprimand1660
impeach1813
to stroke over1822
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28148 Oþer men dedis oft i demyd.
1493 Chastysing Goddes Chyldern (de Worde) viii. sig. Biij/2 Many thynges they deme & blame.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 123 Wist thir folkis that uthir demis, How that thair sawis to vthir semis.
1555–86 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxvii. 33 Do quhat ȝe dow, detractouris ay will deme ȝou.
1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. ix. 15 Dame deem warrily; ye watna wha wytes your sell.
4.
a. To decree, ordain, appoint; to decide, determine; to adjudicate or award (a thing to a person).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > ordain, prescribe, or appoint
asetc885
teachc897
deemc900
ashapea1000
i-demeOE
setc1000
shiftc1000
stevenOE
redeOE
willOE
lookc1175
showc1175
stablea1300
devise1303
terminea1325
shapec1330
stightlea1375
determinec1384
judgea1387
sign1389
assize1393
statute1397
commanda1400
decree1399
yarka1400
writec1405
decreetc1425
rule1447
stallc1460
constitute1481
assignc1485
institute1485
prescribec1487
constitue1489
destinate1490
to lay down1493
make?a1513
call1523
plant1529
allot1532
stint1533
determ1535
appointa1538
destinec1540
prescrive1552
lot1560
fore-appoint1561
nominate1564
to set down1576
refer1590
sort1592
doom1594
fit1600
dictate1606
determinate1636
inordera1641
state1647
fix1660
direct1816
c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1891) iv. xxix [xxviii.] 368 Ne wæs ða hweðre sona his halgunge gedemed.
a1000 Exeter Bk. vii. 16 Næfre God demeð þæt ænig eft þæs earm geweorðe.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 95 He demað stiðne dom þam forsune~ȝede.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 232 He habbeð idemed [c1300 Otho imaked] þat ich am duc ofer heom.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11036 He hæhte alle cnihtes demen [c1300 Otho deme] rihte domes.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10035 Ah nu is þe dæi icumen þe Drihten haueð idemed.
c1350 Ayenbite (1866) 269 Þole þane dom þet riȝt heþ y-demd.
c1386 G. Chaucer Doctor's Tale 199 I deme anoon this clerk his seruaunt haue.
1399 Rolls of Parl. III. 452/1 The Lordes..deme and ajuggen and decreen, that [etc.].
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21445 Þe quen has biden us to deme To þe al þat to right es queme.
1464 King Edward IV in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 301 Fynes therfore dempt or to be dempt.
c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) iii. 229 He was halowid and y-huntid..And his dwellinge ydemed a bowe-drawte from hem.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 72/2 In demyng of rightful domes.
1503–4 Act 19 Hen. VII c. 38 Preamb. It was enacted stablisshed ordeyned demed & declared..that [etc.].
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 606 Whateuer ye deme me to do.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 13 The Epistle, in the which Gregory..demed that the Church of Yorke and of London should be euen Peres.
a1605 A. Montgomerie Flyting with Polwart 373 Syne duelie they deemde, what death it sould die.
b. To decide (to do something). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > resolve or decide [verb]
willOE
ordain1340
deemc1400
delibera1413
machine?c1450
order?1523
decree1526
deliberate1550
fix1788
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1089 Ȝe han demed to do þe dede þat I bidde.
5.
a. To form or express a judgement or estimate on; to judge, judge of, estimate. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)]
talec897
ween971
takec1175
weigha1200
deem?c1225
judge?c1225
guessc1330
reta1382
accounta1387
aretc1386
assize1393
consider1398
ponder?a1400
adjudgec1440
reckonc1440
peisec1460
ponderate?a1475
poisea1483
trutinate1528
steem1535
rate?1555
sense1564
compute1604
censure1605
cast1606
cense1606
estimate1651
audit1655
state1671
balance1692
esteem1711
appraise1823
figure1854
tally1860
revalue1894
lowball1973
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 215 Abihalt hire wurð þet he paiȝede for hire & dem þer efter hire pris.
c1325 Early Eng. Allit. Poems (1864) (A.) 312 To leue no tale be true to tryȝe, Bot þat hys one skyl may dem.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 59v Vreyne is I-iuged & I-demed namliche by substaunce & colour.
c1400 Rom. Rose 2200 A cherle is demed by his dede.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Matt. xvi. 4 Thanne ȝe kunne deme the face of heuene, but ȝe moun not wite the tokenes of tymes.
1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) Proem A iv b I desyre men to deme well myne intente.
1596 E. Spenser Hymne in Honour of Love 168 Things hard gotten men more dearely deeme.
b. To judge between (things), to distinguish, discern. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > discern [verb (transitive)] > distinguish, separate
winnowc825
tryc1330
distinguea1340
divide1377
departc1380
devisea1400
sever1426
perceivea1500
deem1530
discern1533
searcec1535
sort1553
to pick outa1555
decern1559
difference1596
distinguisha1616
severalize1645
separate1651
secern1656
run1795
define1807
sequester1841
differentiate1857
divaricate1868
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 511/1 A blynde man can nat deme no coulours.
1581 B. Rich Farewell Mil. Profession (1846) 67 He is not able to deeme white from blacke, good from badde, vertue from vice.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. i. sig. M7 Thus she him taught, In all the skill of deeming wrong and right. View more context for this quotation
c. intransitive. To judge of, to distinguish between.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > discern, discriminate [verb (intransitive)]
winnowc1175
deem1340
knowa1398
discerna1413
perceive1495
descry1582
distinguish1612
discriminate1645
difference1646
differentiate1855
discrepate1894
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 82 Þet hi ne conne yknawe þane day uram þe nyȝt, ne deme betuene grat and smal.
a1542 T. Wyatt Of Courtiers Life 94 Nor Flaunders chere lettes not my syght to deme Of blacke and white.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. D5 Hereby iudginge of our estate, thou maiest accordinglye deeme of our pleasures.
1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. R1, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) Being himselfe in reputation a Gentleman, and conuersing among such as haue discretion to deeme of him.
6. To form the opinion, to be of opinion; to judge, conclude, think, consider, hold. (The ordinary current sense.)
a. intransitive or absol. (Now chiefly parenthetical.)
ΚΠ
a800 Corpus Gloss. 440 Censeo, doema.
c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) i. xvi. [xxvii.] 86 Þæs þe ic demo [L. ut arbitror].
c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) xxvi. 155 Censeo ic deme oððe ic asmeage.
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Dido. 1244 And demede as hem liste.
c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 932 For sche is fairer, as thay demen alle, Than is Grisild.
a1400 Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. (1867) 20 To fele and with resone to deme.
1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. C4v, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) He is not..here in the Countrey, but as I deeme and you haue informed, about London.
1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey I. iii. 61 He too, I deem, implores the pow'rs divine.
b. with object and complement (n., adj. or participle, or infinitive phr.; †formerly often with for, as).
ΚΠ
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 96 Þu schuldest deme þe seolf wod.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11048 Þene þe king demde for-lore.
1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 218 Oure doctourus dere, demed for wise.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 26814 It mai nan him for buxum deme.
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 102 I demede him for deed.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 5163 Þai demed it better all' to dye.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cxcjv What so euer ieoperdy or perill might bee construed or demed, to haue insued.
1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) i. 35 A vertue which you deeme yourselfe to have.
a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 51 I deemed it much my best and shortest way.
1681 P. Rycaut tr. B. Gracián y Morales Critick 201 He went to the House of the World, which was always deemed for a Deceiver.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 1 For never can I deem him less than God.
1754 J. Shebbeare Marriage Act I. ix. 57 Deem'd as very unjust in Gaming.
1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 293 A general permission..appears to have been deemed sufficient.
1855 C. M. Yonge Cameos xxxv, in Monthly Packet Nov. 327 Harold..deemed it time to repress these inroads.
1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 398 Works..which have been deemed to fulfil their design fairly.
c. with that and clause.
ΚΠ
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12101 Men gunnen demen [c1300 Otho deame]. þat nes i nane londe burh nan swa hende.
c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 940 I ought to deme..That in the salte see my wyf is deed.
c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1544) i. ii. 5 a Nembroth..Dempt..He transcended al other of noblesse.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin i. 10 She demed that it was the enmy that so hadde hir begiled.
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. i. 2 We may boldly deeme there is neither, where both are not.
1739 W. Melmoth Fitzosborne Lett. (1763) 291 Nor dempt he, simple wight, no mortal may The blinded god..when he list, foresay.
1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid ii, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 126 Deeming we come with forces allied.
7. intransitive. To judge or think (in a specified way) of a person or thing.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > estimate [verb (intransitive)]
deemc1384
to make much (also little, nothing, too much, etc.) of (or on)c1395
counta1400
thinka1400
reputatec1450
reckon1567
weigh1573
repute1579
esteem1583
censure1592
take stock1736
c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame ii. 88 Thow demest of thy selfe amys.
c1400 Rom. Rose 2198 Of hem noon other deme I can.
c1440 Generydes 4710 Wele I wote in hym ye demyd amys.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. B4v Let vs see how the Greekes named it [sc. Poetry], and howe they deemed of it.
1592 A. Day Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) i. sig. Y3 I shall..giue you so good occasion to deeme well of me.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 599 Though higher of the genial Bed by far, And with mysterious reverence I deem . View more context for this quotation
1762 W. Blackstone in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) II. 362 These capital mistakes..occasion'd the Editor..to deem with less reverence of this Roll.
1814 W. Scott Waverley III. xiv. 181 Where the ties of affection were highly deemed of. View more context for this quotation
1860 J. P. Kennedy Horse-shoe Robinson (rev. ed.) ix. 105 I cannot deem otherwise of them.
8. To think to do something, to expect, hope.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > expect [verb (transitive)] > to do something
thinkOE
trow1340
intendc1374
believea1393
deemc1475
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 51 Symon Magus..was reprouid of Petre, for he demid to possede þe ȝeft of God bi money.
1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto II clxxii. 205 A creature meant To be her happiness, and whom she deem'd To render happy.
9.
a. transitive. To think of (something) as existent; to guess, suspect, surmise, imagine. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > suppose, surmise [verb (transitive)]
ween971
readOE
aweena1275
guessc1380
supposec1384
seemc1386
imaginec1405
presupposec1443
deem1470
surmise1509
suspectc1550
doubt1568
expect1592
s'pose1632
fancy1672
sus1958
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. xxvi As Kynge mark redde these letters, he demed treson by syr Tristram.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 528 Ne deme no dishonesty in your derfe hert, Þof I put me þus pertly my purpos to shewe.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. O2v Your immaginations doe alreadye deeme the matter I muste vtter.
1598 E. Ford Parismus iii. sig. Dv All the companie began to deeme that which afterward prooued true.
b. intransitive. To think of, have a thought or idea of.
ΚΠ
1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision (Chandos) 302 The shining of a flambeau at his back Lit sudden ere he deem of its approach.
1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV cxxxvii. 71 Something unearthly, which they deem not of.
10.
a. transitive. To pronounce, proclaim, celebrate, announce, declare; to tell, say, utter. Also intransitive with of. [An exclusively poetic sense, found already in Old English, probably derived from sense 4. Cf. also Old Norse dœ́ma in poetry, to talk.]
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > announce or proclaim [verb (transitive)]
kithec725
i-bedea800
abedeeOE
bid971
deemOE
bodea1000
tellOE
clepec1275
to tell outa1382
denouncec1384
publishc1384
descryc1390
pronouncec1390
proclaima1393
sound1412
proclaim?a1425
renouncea1425
announcec1429
preconize?1440
announce1483
reclaim?1503
call1523
to speak forth1526
annunciate1533
protest1533
to breathe out1535
denouncec1540
enact1611
deblazon1621
deblaze1640
advise1647
apostolize1652
indigitatea1670
enounce1807
voice1850
norate1851
enunciate1864
post1961
OE Guthlac A 527 Forþon is nuarlic þæt we æfæstra dæde demen, secgen dryhtne lof ealra þara bisena.
a1000 Fat. Apost. (Gr.) 10 Þær hie dryhtnes æ deman sceoldon, reccan fore rincum.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11507 Ælles ne cunne we demen [c1300 Otho telle] of Arðures deðen.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 154 Alle þer lymmes, how þai besemed, In his buke has Dares demed, Both of Troie & of Grece.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 151 Hire deth was neiȝ diȝt to deme þe soþe.
a1400–50 Alexander 1231 Þan he dryfes to þe duke, as demys [Dubl. MS. tellys] þe textis.
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 119 Dyngne Dauid..þat demed þis speche, In a psalme.
a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) ii. sig. Aiiiv Then some gan deme to me The cruell wrek of him that framde the craft [L. crudele canebant artificis scelus].
b. with double object. To celebrate as, style, call, name. poetic. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > call or give as name to
nemneOE
clepec1000
hightOE
sayOE
nameOE
yclepec1175
callc1300
nevena1400
deemc1400
christena1470
nominate1545
term1545
titulea1550
behight1579
benamea1586
inquire1590
nuncupate1609
indigitate1623
font1652
vocitate1653
express1659
appellate1768
nomenclature1824
the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > call or give as name to > designate or style as
sayOE
calla1250
deemc1400
nevenc1425
qualify?1465
designa1500
expound1530
style1570
read1590
intenda1599
dub1607
instyle1607
phrase1607
enstyle1616
speaka1625
cognominate1632
determine1653
clapa1657
designate1669
intimate1799
nominate1799
bedub1884
tab1924
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1611 Baltazar..Þat now is demed Danyel of derne coninges.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1020 Forþy þe derk dede see hit is demed euer more.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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