cytochromeadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈsʌɪtə(ʊ)krəʊm/, U.S.

/ˈsaɪdəˌkroʊm/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; originally modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: cyto- comb. form, -chrome comb. form.

Etymology: < cyto- comb. form + -chrome comb. form, originally after German cytochrom, adjective (F. Nissl 1895 in Neurol. Centralblatt 14 70) < cyto- cyto- comb. form + -chrom -chrome comb. form, after the use of -cyt -cyte comb. form in Leucocyt leucocyte n., so called to contrast to karyochrom , because the cytochrome nuclei are of similar size to those of leucocytes. Compare somatochrome at somato- comb. form . In sense B. 2 independently < cyto- comb. form + -chrome comb. form (compare quot. 1925 at sense B. 2).

A. adj.

Histology. In F. Nissl's terminology: designating a class of neurons having a cell body with a small nucleus and little or no distinguishable cytoplasm. disused.

ΚΠ

1895 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 7 127 Cytochrome cells, nucleus not larger than that of a leucocyte and cell-body scarcely discernible.

1899 Brain 22 248 The cytochrome nerve-cells are small elements which present only a nucleus, the protoplasm being indistinguishable (in preparations by Nissl's method).

1902 Hahnemannian Monthly Mar. 208 Cytochrome nerve-cells: only traces of the cell body are present.

B. n.

1. Histology. In F. Nissl's terminology: any of a class of neurons having a cell body with a small nucleus and little or no distinguishable cytoplasm. disused.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > substance of nervous system > [noun] > nerve cell > types of

nerve vesicle1839

brain cell1848

stellate cell1870

Purkinje cell1872

neuroblast1878

touch cell1878

Golgi('s) cell1892

memory cell1892

astrocyte1896

astroblast1897

motor neuron1897

cytochrome1898

stichochrome1899

monaxon1900

basket cell1901

relay neuron1903

internuncial neuron1906

sheath cell1906

motoneuron1908

adjustor1909

satellite1912

microglia1924

oligodendroglia1924

sympathicoblast1927

pituicyte1930

oligodendrocyte1932

sympathoblast1934

sympathogonia1934

interneuron1938

Renshaw cell1954

1898 Arch. Neurol. & Psychopathol. 1 281 In the first division he distinguishes..as cytochromes those cells whose nuclei never exceed in size the nuclei of neuroglia cells, as in the cells of the granular layer of the cerebellum.

1902 Stud. Dept. Pathol. Coll. Physicians & Surgeons Columbia Univ. 8 552 Of these cells, Nissl recognizes two subgroups: (a) Cytochromes. These are the cells formerly spoken of as ‘granules’.

2. Biochemistry. Any of a large group of haem-containing proteins found in aerobic and many anaerobic organisms, the typical function of which is electron transfer (via reversible oxidation and reduction of the haem iron), as in cellular respiration and photosynthesis.Cytochromes are classified into four major groups (a, b, c, and d) according to the nature of the haem group. Cytochrome P450 is an enzyme that catalyses the addition of an oxygen atom to various (usually lipophilic) compounds, and as an important component of liver microsomes in mammals is involved in the metabolism of drugs and other compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > proteins > [noun]

casein1838

albuminoid1855

xanthoglobulin1868

myochrome1872

xanthoprotein1883

histone1885

globulose1886

phaseolin1893

leucosin1894

nucleohistone1894

nucleon1895

mucoid1898

protone1898

mucinoid1902

myohaemoglobin1906

nucleoprotamine1911

cytozyme1914

leaf protein1917

cytochrome1925

mucoprotein1925

myoglobin1925

flavoprotein1934

oxymyoglobin1935

ferritin1937

lipovitellin1942

arthropodin1947

trypticase1947

erythropoietin1948

phosvitin1948

opsin1951

orosomucoid1955

metallothionein1960

plastocyanin1961

aequorin1962

ferredoxin1962

LDL1962

fetoprotein1964

thioredoxin1964

actinin1965

adrenodoxin1965

lactoferrin1965

myoglobulin1965

rubredoxin1965

uniporter1967

miraculin1968

nexin1970

bacteriorhodopsin1971

molybdoprotein1971

monellin1972

cytokine1974

ankyrin1975

clathrin1975

electromorph1975

tau1975

uniport1975

microtrabecula1976

porin1976

osteocalcin1977

calmodulin1978

monokine1978

PCNA1978

vimentin1978

interleukin1979

laminin1979

titin1979

villin1979

cyclin1981

triskele1981

acumentin1982

perforin1983

statin1985

activin1986

addressin1988

synuclein1988

chemokine1992

1925 D. Keilin in Proc. Royal Soc. B. 98 314 There is ample evidence that this pigment is not a simple compound, but a complex formed of three distinct haemochromogen compounds, the nature of which is not yet completely elucidated. I propose therefore to describe it under the name of Cytochrome, signifying merely ‘cellular pigment’.

1948 New Biol. 5 126 Oxygen of the atmosphere enters the metabolism of the cell by combining with cytochrome, which then hands it on to other substances.

1953 J. S. Fruton & S. Simmonds Gen. Biochem. xiv. 339 Cytochrome a₁ and a₂ were observed spectroscopically in certain bacteria that lack cytochrome a.

1969 Times 29 Apr. 13/1 Human cytochrome C is identical to the equivalent molecule in chimpanzees in all of its 104 units.

1989 Adverse Drug Reactions 8 218 Dichloromethane (methylene chloride), an industrial chemical used as an ingredient of several commercial available paint strippers, is metabolised by P450 cytochromes to produce CO [carbon monoxide].

2005 C. de Duve Singularities v. 50 Cytochromes belong to the group of hemoproteins, which includes hemoglobin..and a number of important enzymes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	cytochrome
释义	cytochromeadj.n. Brit. /ˈsʌɪtə(ʊ)krəʊm/, U.S. /ˈsaɪdəˌkroʊm/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; originally modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: cyto- comb. form, -chrome comb. form. Etymology: < cyto- comb. form + -chrome comb. form, originally after German cytochrom, adjective (F. Nissl 1895 in Neurol. Centralblatt 14 70) < cyto- cyto- comb. form + -chrom -chrome comb. form, after the use of -cyt -cyte comb. form in Leucocyt leucocyte n., so called to contrast to karyochrom , because the cytochrome nuclei are of similar size to those of leucocytes. Compare somatochrome at somato- comb. form . In sense B. 2 independently < cyto- comb. form + -chrome comb. form (compare quot. 1925 at sense B. 2). A. adj. Histology. In F. Nissl's terminology: designating a class of neurons having a cell body with a small nucleus and little or no distinguishable cytoplasm. disused. ΚΠ 1895 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 7 127 Cytochrome cells, nucleus not larger than that of a leucocyte and cell-body scarcely discernible. 1899 Brain 22 248 The cytochrome nerve-cells are small elements which present only a nucleus, the protoplasm being indistinguishable (in preparations by Nissl's method). 1902 Hahnemannian Monthly Mar. 208 Cytochrome nerve-cells: only traces of the cell body are present. B. n. 1. Histology. In F. Nissl's terminology: any of a class of neurons having a cell body with a small nucleus and little or no distinguishable cytoplasm. disused. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > substance of nervous system > [noun] > nerve cell > types of nerve vesicle1839 brain cell1848 stellate cell1870 Purkinje cell1872 neuroblast1878 touch cell1878 Golgi('s) cell1892 memory cell1892 astrocyte1896 astroblast1897 motor neuron1897 cytochrome1898 stichochrome1899 monaxon1900 basket cell1901 relay neuron1903 internuncial neuron1906 sheath cell1906 motoneuron1908 adjustor1909 satellite1912 microglia1924 oligodendroglia1924 sympathicoblast1927 pituicyte1930 oligodendrocyte1932 sympathoblast1934 sympathogonia1934 interneuron1938 Renshaw cell1954 1898 Arch. Neurol. & Psychopathol. 1 281 In the first division he distinguishes..as cytochromes those cells whose nuclei never exceed in size the nuclei of neuroglia cells, as in the cells of the granular layer of the cerebellum. 1902 Stud. Dept. Pathol. Coll. Physicians & Surgeons Columbia Univ. 8 552 Of these cells, Nissl recognizes two subgroups: (a) Cytochromes. These are the cells formerly spoken of as ‘granules’. 2. Biochemistry. Any of a large group of haem-containing proteins found in aerobic and many anaerobic organisms, the typical function of which is electron transfer (via reversible oxidation and reduction of the haem iron), as in cellular respiration and photosynthesis.Cytochromes are classified into four major groups (a, b, c, and d) according to the nature of the haem group. Cytochrome P450 is an enzyme that catalyses the addition of an oxygen atom to various (usually lipophilic) compounds, and as an important component of liver microsomes in mammals is involved in the metabolism of drugs and other compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > proteins > [noun] casein1838 albuminoid1855 xanthoglobulin1868 myochrome1872 xanthoprotein1883 histone1885 globulose1886 phaseolin1893 leucosin1894 nucleohistone1894 nucleon1895 mucoid1898 protone1898 mucinoid1902 myohaemoglobin1906 nucleoprotamine1911 cytozyme1914 leaf protein1917 cytochrome1925 mucoprotein1925 myoglobin1925 flavoprotein1934 oxymyoglobin1935 ferritin1937 lipovitellin1942 arthropodin1947 trypticase1947 erythropoietin1948 phosvitin1948 opsin1951 orosomucoid1955 metallothionein1960 plastocyanin1961 aequorin1962 ferredoxin1962 LDL1962 fetoprotein1964 thioredoxin1964 actinin1965 adrenodoxin1965 lactoferrin1965 myoglobulin1965 rubredoxin1965 uniporter1967 miraculin1968 nexin1970 bacteriorhodopsin1971 molybdoprotein1971 monellin1972 cytokine1974 ankyrin1975 clathrin1975 electromorph1975 tau1975 uniport1975 microtrabecula1976 porin1976 osteocalcin1977 calmodulin1978 monokine1978 PCNA1978 vimentin1978 interleukin1979 laminin1979 titin1979 villin1979 cyclin1981 triskele1981 acumentin1982 perforin1983 statin1985 activin1986 addressin1988 synuclein1988 chemokine1992 1925 D. Keilin in Proc. Royal Soc. B. 98 314 There is ample evidence that this pigment is not a simple compound, but a complex formed of three distinct haemochromogen compounds, the nature of which is not yet completely elucidated. I propose therefore to describe it under the name of Cytochrome, signifying merely ‘cellular pigment’. 1948 New Biol. 5 126 Oxygen of the atmosphere enters the metabolism of the cell by combining with cytochrome, which then hands it on to other substances. 1953 J. S. Fruton & S. Simmonds Gen. Biochem. xiv. 339 Cytochrome a₁ and a₂ were observed spectroscopically in certain bacteria that lack cytochrome a. 1969 Times 29 Apr. 13/1 Human cytochrome C is identical to the equivalent molecule in chimpanzees in all of its 104 units. 1989 Adverse Drug Reactions 8 218 Dichloromethane (methylene chloride), an industrial chemical used as an ingredient of several commercial available paint strippers, is metabolised by P450 cytochromes to produce CO [carbon monoxide]. 2005 C. de Duve Singularities v. 50 Cytochromes belong to the group of hemoproteins, which includes hemoglobin..and a number of important enzymes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1895
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