cynicadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈsɪnɪk/, U.S.

/ˈsɪnɪk/

Forms: Also 1500s cinike, 1500s–1600s cinick(e, cynicke, cynike, cynique, 1500s–1700s cynick, (1600s cinnick(e, cynnick).

Etymology: < Latin cynicus (perhaps in part through French; compare cinicque , 1521 in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), < Greek κυνικός dog-like, currish, churlish, Cynic, < κύων , κυνός dog: see -ic suffix. In the appellation of the Cynic philosophers there was probably an original reference to the κυνόσαργες, a gymnasium where Antisthenes taught; but popular use took it simply in the sense ‘dog-like, currish’, so that κύων ‘dog’ became a nickname for ‘Cynic’.

A. adj.

1. (With capital initial.) Belonging to or characteristic of the sect of philosophers called Cynics: see B. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > ancient Greek philosophy > [adjective] > of the Cynics

dogly1477

cynic1637

cynical1675

1637 J. Milton Comus 24 O foolishnesse of men! that..Fetch their præcepts from the Cynick tub, Praising the leane, and sallow Abstinence.

1862 R. C. Trench Notes Miracles (ed. 7) iii. 145 The Cynic philosopher.

1868 O. J. Reichel tr. E. Zeller Socrates 247 The Cynic philosophy claims to be the genuine teaching of Socrates.

2. Having the qualities of a cynic (see B. 2); pertaining to a cynic; cynical.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > misanthropy > [adjective] > cynical

cynical1588

cynic1597

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [adjective] > sneeringly

cynical1588

cynic1597

1597 Pilgrimage Parnassus iv. 468 I am not such a peece of Cinicke earthe That I neglect sweete beauties deitie.

1676 J. Glanvill Seasonable Refl. 136 No sullen or Cynick humours, but the complaint of all mankind.

1811 W. R. Spencer Poems 51 Cold Cynic censurers.

1852 B. Disraeli Ld. G. Bentinck 12 The cynic smile..the signal of a contempt which he was too haughty to express.

3. cynic year or period: the canicular cycle of the ancient Egyptians; see canicular adj. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > period > cycle of time > cycle of the year > [noun] > specific cycles

cynic year or period1607

Callippic1657

canicular period1662

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 142 That Egyptian Cynicke yeare which is accomplished but once in a 1460. yeares.

1837 Fraser's Mag. 16 632 This erratic period of 1461 years became the great regulating cycle of the Egyptian calendar, under the name of the cynic or canicular period.

4. cynic spasm n. see quot. 1882.

ΚΠ

1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician xiv. 474 A Cynick Spasm came upon him.

1882 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Cynic spasm, a convulsive contraction of the facial muscles of one side..so that the teeth are shown in the manner of an angry dog.

B. n.

1. (With capital initial.) One of a sect of philosophers in ancient Greece, founded by Antisthenes, a pupil of Socrates, who were marked by an ostentatious contempt for ease, wealth, and the enjoyments of life; the most famous was Diogenes, a pupil of Antisthenes, who carried the principles of the sect to an extreme of asceticism.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > ancient Greek philosophy > post-Socratic philosophy > [noun] > philosophy of the Cynics > adherent of

cynic1539

tubber1891

1539 R. Taverner Garden of Wysdom sig. Cviii Thrasyllus a phylosopher of the secte of Cynikes (whyche were not moche vnlyke to the fryers of oure tyme) asked an halfepenny of the kynge.

1564 T. Palfreyman Baldwin's Treat. Moral Philos. (new ed.) i. xxix. f. 47 He fell straighte to the secte of the Cinikes [printed Cimkes; 1567 Cinikes] & became Diogenes scholer.

1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell i. 14 Like the Cynique, shut up alwayes in a Tub.

1751 J. Brown Ess. Characteristics 174 All the old philosophers, from the elegant Plato walking on his rich carpets, to the unbred cynic snarling in his tub.

1868 O. J. Reichel tr. E. Zeller Socrates 256 To the Cynic nothing is good but virtue, nothing bad but vice.

2. A person disposed to rail or find fault; now usually: One who shows a disposition to disbelieve in the sincerity or goodness of human motives and actions, and is wont to express this by sneers and sarcasms; a sneering fault-finder.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > misanthropy > [noun] > cynicism > cynic

cynic1596

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > critic > sneering

cynic1596

1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. C4 Age is a cyncke, not a flatterer.

1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor ii. ii. sig. Eiv Thou art such another Cinique now, a man had need walke vprightly before thee.

1632 T. Heywood Iron Age i. i, in Wks. (1874) III. 281 Peace Cinicke, barke not dogge.

1782 W. Cowper Progress of Error in Poems 175 Blame, cynic, if you can, quadrille or ball.

1866 W. R. Alger Solitudes Nature & Man ii. 63 The cynic, who admires and enjoys nothing, despises and censures everything.

1879 G. Meredith Egoist I. vii. 119 Cynics are only happy in making the world as barren to others as they have made it for themselves.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	cynic
释义	cynicadj.n. Brit. /ˈsɪnɪk/, U.S. /ˈsɪnɪk/ Forms: Also 1500s cinike, 1500s–1600s cinick(e, cynicke, cynike, cynique, 1500s–1700s cynick, (1600s cinnick(e, cynnick). Etymology: < Latin cynicus (perhaps in part through French; compare cinicque , 1521 in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), < Greek κυνικός dog-like, currish, churlish, Cynic, < κύων , κυνός dog: see -ic suffix. In the appellation of the Cynic philosophers there was probably an original reference to the κυνόσαργες, a gymnasium where Antisthenes taught; but popular use took it simply in the sense ‘dog-like, currish’, so that κύων ‘dog’ became a nickname for ‘Cynic’. A. adj. 1. (With capital initial.) Belonging to or characteristic of the sect of philosophers called Cynics: see B. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > ancient Greek philosophy > [adjective] > of the Cynics dogly1477 cynic1637 cynical1675 1637 J. Milton Comus 24 O foolishnesse of men! that..Fetch their præcepts from the Cynick tub, Praising the leane, and sallow Abstinence. 1862 R. C. Trench Notes Miracles (ed. 7) iii. 145 The Cynic philosopher. 1868 O. J. Reichel tr. E. Zeller Socrates 247 The Cynic philosophy claims to be the genuine teaching of Socrates. 2. Having the qualities of a cynic (see B. 2); pertaining to a cynic; cynical. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > misanthropy > [adjective] > cynical cynical1588 cynic1597 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [adjective] > sneeringly cynical1588 cynic1597 1597 Pilgrimage Parnassus iv. 468 I am not such a peece of Cinicke earthe That I neglect sweete beauties deitie. 1676 J. Glanvill Seasonable Refl. 136 No sullen or Cynick humours, but the complaint of all mankind. 1811 W. R. Spencer Poems 51 Cold Cynic censurers. 1852 B. Disraeli Ld. G. Bentinck 12 The cynic smile..the signal of a contempt which he was too haughty to express. 3. cynic year or period: the canicular cycle of the ancient Egyptians; see canicular adj. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > time > period > cycle of time > cycle of the year > [noun] > specific cycles cynic year or period1607 Callippic1657 canicular period1662 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 142 That Egyptian Cynicke yeare which is accomplished but once in a 1460. yeares. 1837 Fraser's Mag. 16 632 This erratic period of 1461 years became the great regulating cycle of the Egyptian calendar, under the name of the cynic or canicular period. 4. cynic spasm n. see quot. 1882. ΚΠ 1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician xiv. 474 A Cynick Spasm came upon him. 1882 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Cynic spasm, a convulsive contraction of the facial muscles of one side..so that the teeth are shown in the manner of an angry dog. B. n. 1. (With capital initial.) One of a sect of philosophers in ancient Greece, founded by Antisthenes, a pupil of Socrates, who were marked by an ostentatious contempt for ease, wealth, and the enjoyments of life; the most famous was Diogenes, a pupil of Antisthenes, who carried the principles of the sect to an extreme of asceticism. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > ancient Greek philosophy > post-Socratic philosophy > [noun] > philosophy of the Cynics > adherent of cynic1539 tubber1891 1539 R. Taverner Garden of Wysdom sig. Cviii Thrasyllus a phylosopher of the secte of Cynikes (whyche were not moche vnlyke to the fryers of oure tyme) asked an halfepenny of the kynge. 1564 T. Palfreyman Baldwin's Treat. Moral Philos. (new ed.) i. xxix. f. 47 He fell straighte to the secte of the Cinikes [printed Cimkes; 1567 Cinikes] & became Diogenes scholer. 1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell i. 14 Like the Cynique, shut up alwayes in a Tub. 1751 J. Brown Ess. Characteristics 174 All the old philosophers, from the elegant Plato walking on his rich carpets, to the unbred cynic snarling in his tub. 1868 O. J. Reichel tr. E. Zeller Socrates 256 To the Cynic nothing is good but virtue, nothing bad but vice. 2. A person disposed to rail or find fault; now usually: One who shows a disposition to disbelieve in the sincerity or goodness of human motives and actions, and is wont to express this by sneers and sarcasms; a sneering fault-finder. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > misanthropy > [noun] > cynicism > cynic cynic1596 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > critic > sneering cynic1596 1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. C4 Age is a cyncke, not a flatterer. View more context for this quotation 1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor ii. ii. sig. Eiv Thou art such another Cinique now, a man had need walke vprightly before thee. View more context for this quotation 1632 T. Heywood Iron Age i. i, in Wks. (1874) III. 281 Peace Cinicke, barke not dogge. 1782 W. Cowper Progress of Error in Poems 175 Blame, cynic, if you can, quadrille or ball. 1866 W. R. Alger Solitudes Nature & Man ii. 63 The cynic, who admires and enjoys nothing, despises and censures everything. 1879 G. Meredith Egoist I. vii. 119 Cynics are only happy in making the world as barren to others as they have made it for themselves. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < adj.n.1539
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