Altaicadj.n.

Brit.

/alˈteɪɪk/, U.S.

/ælˈteɪɪk/,

/ɑlˈteɪɪk/

Forms: 1700s– Altaic, 1800s– Altaiic (rare), 1900s– Altajic, 1900s– Altayic.

Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: proper name Altai , -ic suffix.

Etymology: < the name of the Altai Mountains (Russian Altaj , Mongolian Altaj , Kazakh Altaj , Chinese ā'ěrtài ) + -ic suffix, apparently originally after German altaisch (1760 in the passage translated in quot. 1762 at sense A. 1; also as altajisch (1771 or earlier, now rare)). Compare French altaïque (1779 or earlier). With senses A. 2 and B. compare Ural-Altaic adj. at Ural n.¹ b. Compare later Altaian adj. and Altai adj.The name of the Altai mountains derives < Mongolian Altaj, shortening of Alt-taj, literally ‘with gold’ (classical Mongolian alta-tai < alta gold, rose gold (Mongolian alt) + a suffix implying association); compare Orkhon Turkic altun yış, literally ‘golden mountain forest’, apparently denoting the Southern Altai (8th cent.) and also Chinese jīnshān , literally ‘golden mountain’ (used in Middle Chinese to denote the Altai Mountains or parts of them). Compare the following early examples of the place name in an English context:1597 H. M. tr. J. Du Bec-Crispin Hist. Tamerlan 201 Cambalu was also neare vnto mount Althay, where they vse to burie the Scithian Emperours, whom we do call the great Cham.1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes III. i. iv. 78 All the great Cans, and Princes of that bloud of Cingis, are carried to the Mountaine of Altai to be buried, wheresoeuer they die.1669 J. Webb Hist. Ess. Lang. China 78 China is bounded on the North with Altay, and the Eastern Tartars.1747 New Gen. Coll. Voy. & Trav. IV. Index Altay Mountains.

A. adj.

1. Of, belonging to, or designating the Altai Mountains of central Asia, or the peoples inhabiting this region. Cf. Altai adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [adjective] > range > spec

Alpine?a1475

Pyrene?a1475

Riphaean1555

Pyrenean?1556

Pyrenee1590

hercynian1598

Alpic1611

Appalachian1672

Carpathian1673

Rhipaean1703

Alleghenian1740

Altaic1762

Altaian1780

Balkan1785

Uralian1801

Lepontine1802

Altai1824

Dinaric1833

Andean1845

Alpigene1847

Lepontian1857

Uralic1861

Himalayan1866

Cordilleran1891

Andine1900

Armorican1906

Variscan1906

1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. I. 490 These mountains between the rivers Irtis and Oby are called the Altaic, or the golden mountains [Ger. das altaische, das ist, das Goldgebirge].

1781 T. Pennant Hist. Quadrupeds I. 250 [The Hyena] inhabits the mountains of Caucasus and the Altaic Chain.

1832 W. Macgillivray Trav. & Researches A. von Humboldt xxviii. 415 Between the Altaic range and Teen-shan are Zungaria and the basin of the Ele.

1850 R. G. Latham Nat. Hist. Varieties Man 15 The term Altaic is taken from the Altai Mountains in Central Asia, these being a convenient geographical centre for the different nations and tribes comprising this division.

1905 Dublin Rev. Jan. 190 The Finns..belong rather to the Altaic group.

2002 List (Glasgow & Edinb. Events Guide) 4 July 102/1 An exhibition exploring shamanism, an important element of the Altaic culture that came to Korea in the 13th century BC.

2. Of or belonging to the language of these peoples; spec. designating a proposed family of languages of the Altaic region, conservatively including Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungusic in east Siberia, characterized by agglutination and vowel harmony.Cf. earlier Ural-Altaic adj. at Ural n.¹ b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Altaic > [adjective]

Altai1824

Altaic1887

1887 C. R. Conder (title) Altaic hieroglyphs and Hittite inscriptions.

1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. iv. 68 The Turkish (Turco-Tartar or Altaic) family of languages covers a vast main area, from Asia Minor, conquered, at the end of the Middle Ages, by the Ottoman Turks.

1954 M. A. Pei & F. Gaynor Dict. Linguistics 10 Some linguists..consider only the members of the Turkic group as the true Altaic languages.

1959 Chambers's Encycl. I. 303/1 At one time the Altaic family was considered to be related to the Uralian languages, but this view is no longer held.

1998 D. Bellos et al. tr. G. Ifrah Universal Hist. Numbers ii. 40/1 In the world today, base 10 is used by a multitude of languages, including: Albanian; the Altaic languages (Turkish, Mongolian, Manchu); Armenian [etc.].

B. n.

Any of the languages spoken by the Altaic people; these languages collectively.Cf. earlier Ural-Altaic noun at Ural-Altaic adj. at Ural n.¹ b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Altaic > [noun]

Altaic1886

1886 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. 18 191 Alatyan is identical with Altaic.

1939 L. H. Gray Found. Lang. xiii. 374 Eskimo-Aleut has been regarded by highly competent authorities as ultimately cognate with Altaic.

1954 M. A. Pei & F. Gaynor Dict. Linguistics 10 Altaic, a sub-family (also called Turco-Tartaric or Turkish) of the Ural-Altaic family of languages... consists of three main branches: Turkic, Mongol and Manchu or Tungus.

2004 Wanderlust June 66/1 (advt.) The shashlik and flat bread, rice and mutton [of these people] are the same, the source of their language Altaic or Turkic.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	altaic
释义	Altaicadj.n. Brit. /alˈteɪɪk/, U.S. /ælˈteɪɪk/, /ɑlˈteɪɪk/ Forms: 1700s– Altaic, 1800s– Altaiic (rare), 1900s– Altajic, 1900s– Altayic. Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: proper name Altai , -ic suffix. Etymology: < the name of the Altai Mountains (Russian Altaj , Mongolian Altaj , Kazakh Altaj , Chinese ā'ěrtài ) + -ic suffix, apparently originally after German altaisch (1760 in the passage translated in quot. 1762 at sense A. 1; also as altajisch (1771 or earlier, now rare)). Compare French altaïque (1779 or earlier). With senses A. 2 and B. compare Ural-Altaic adj. at Ural n.¹ b. Compare later Altaian adj. and Altai adj.The name of the Altai mountains derives < Mongolian Altaj, shortening of Alt-taj, literally ‘with gold’ (classical Mongolian alta-tai < alta gold, rose gold (Mongolian alt) + a suffix implying association); compare Orkhon Turkic altun yış, literally ‘golden mountain forest’, apparently denoting the Southern Altai (8th cent.) and also Chinese jīnshān , literally ‘golden mountain’ (used in Middle Chinese to denote the Altai Mountains or parts of them). Compare the following early examples of the place name in an English context:1597 H. M. tr. J. Du Bec-Crispin Hist. Tamerlan 201 Cambalu was also neare vnto mount Althay, where they vse to burie the Scithian Emperours, whom we do call the great Cham.1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes III. i. iv. 78 All the great Cans, and Princes of that bloud of Cingis, are carried to the Mountaine of Altai to be buried, wheresoeuer they die.1669 J. Webb Hist. Ess. Lang. China 78 China is bounded on the North with Altay, and the Eastern Tartars.1747 New Gen. Coll. Voy. & Trav. IV. Index Altay Mountains. A. adj. 1. Of, belonging to, or designating the Altai Mountains of central Asia, or the peoples inhabiting this region. Cf. Altai adj. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [adjective] > range > spec Alpine?a1475 Pyrene?a1475 Riphaean1555 Pyrenean?1556 Pyrenee1590 hercynian1598 Alpic1611 Appalachian1672 Carpathian1673 Rhipaean1703 Alleghenian1740 Altaic1762 Altaian1780 Balkan1785 Uralian1801 Lepontine1802 Altai1824 Dinaric1833 Andean1845 Alpigene1847 Lepontian1857 Uralic1861 Himalayan1866 Cordilleran1891 Andine1900 Armorican1906 Variscan1906 1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. I. 490 These mountains between the rivers Irtis and Oby are called the Altaic, or the golden mountains [Ger. das altaische, das ist, das Goldgebirge]. 1781 T. Pennant Hist. Quadrupeds I. 250 [The Hyena] inhabits the mountains of Caucasus and the Altaic Chain. 1832 W. Macgillivray Trav. & Researches A. von Humboldt xxviii. 415 Between the Altaic range and Teen-shan are Zungaria and the basin of the Ele. 1850 R. G. Latham Nat. Hist. Varieties Man 15 The term Altaic is taken from the Altai Mountains in Central Asia, these being a convenient geographical centre for the different nations and tribes comprising this division. 1905 Dublin Rev. Jan. 190 The Finns..belong rather to the Altaic group. 2002 List (Glasgow & Edinb. Events Guide) 4 July 102/1 An exhibition exploring shamanism, an important element of the Altaic culture that came to Korea in the 13th century BC. 2. Of or belonging to the language of these peoples; spec. designating a proposed family of languages of the Altaic region, conservatively including Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungusic in east Siberia, characterized by agglutination and vowel harmony.Cf. earlier Ural-Altaic adj. at Ural n.¹ b. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Altaic > [adjective] Altai1824 Altaic1887 1887 C. R. Conder (title) Altaic hieroglyphs and Hittite inscriptions. 1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. iv. 68 The Turkish (Turco-Tartar or Altaic) family of languages covers a vast main area, from Asia Minor, conquered, at the end of the Middle Ages, by the Ottoman Turks. 1954 M. A. Pei & F. Gaynor Dict. Linguistics 10 Some linguists..consider only the members of the Turkic group as the true Altaic languages. 1959 Chambers's Encycl. I. 303/1 At one time the Altaic family was considered to be related to the Uralian languages, but this view is no longer held. 1998 D. Bellos et al. tr. G. Ifrah Universal Hist. Numbers ii. 40/1 In the world today, base 10 is used by a multitude of languages, including: Albanian; the Altaic languages (Turkish, Mongolian, Manchu); Armenian [etc.]. B. n. Any of the languages spoken by the Altaic people; these languages collectively.Cf. earlier Ural-Altaic noun at Ural-Altaic adj. at Ural n.¹ b. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Altaic > [noun] Altaic1886 1886 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. 18 191 Alatyan is identical with Altaic. 1939 L. H. Gray Found. Lang. xiii. 374 Eskimo-Aleut has been regarded by highly competent authorities as ultimately cognate with Altaic. 1954 M. A. Pei & F. Gaynor Dict. Linguistics 10 Altaic, a sub-family (also called Turco-Tartaric or Turkish) of the Ural-Altaic family of languages... consists of three main branches: Turkic, Mongol and Manchu or Tungus. 2004 Wanderlust June 66/1 (advt.) The shashlik and flat bread, rice and mutton [of these people] are the same, the source of their language Altaic or Turkic. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.1762
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