Darin.¹adj.

Brit.

/daˈriː/,

/ˈdɛːri/, U.S.

/dæˈri/,

/ˈdɛri/

Forms: 1700s–1800s Deri, 1800s– Dari.

Origin: A borrowing from Persian. Etymon: Persian darī.

Etymology: < Persian darī a variety of Persian spoken in Central Asia, now specifically in Afghanistan (10th cent., originally often with more general reference to a literary form of Persian) < dar door, gate, also used to refer to the royal court (cognate with Sanskrit dvāra door: see gurdwara n.) + -ī, suffix expressing belonging.

A. n.¹

1. The variety of the Persian language spoken in Afghanistan; Afghan Persian.Dari is the most widely spoken language in Afghanistan and one of the country's two official languages, the other being Pashto. It is mutually intelligible with Farsi, the Iranian variety of Persian, with differences primarily in vocabulary and pronunciation.In early use with reference to the language now usually called Middle Persian.

ΚΠ

1791 Asiatick Researches 2 49 When Muhammed was born..two languages appear to have been generally prevalent in the great empire of Iràn; that of the Court, thence named Derì..and that of the learned,..which had the name of Pahlavì.

1838 Proc. Bombay Geogr. Soc. Aug. 65 Beharam-gaur, fourteenth of the Sassanian kings, superseded the Pehlvi dialect, by the use of the more polished one called Deri.

1867 M. Haug Old Zand-Pahlavi Gloss. Introd. p. iii The current common dialect..was not Pahlavi but Dari.

1986 K. Katzner Langs. of World (rev. ed.) ii. 167 In Iran it [sc. Modern Persian] is generally referred to as Farsi, in Afghanistan as Dari.

1996 T. Rahman Lang. & Politics in Pakistan viii. 141 The Afghan elite has traditionally used Dari.

2005 R. Nidel World Music: Basics iv. 209 The sound of Radio Afghanistan from the 1960s, sung in Pashto and Dari.

2016 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 14 Jan. 27/2 His guards spoke a language he didn't recognize, probably Dari.

2. The variety of the Persian language spoken by Zoroastrians in and around the cities of Yazd and Kerman in central Iran.

ΚΠ

1893 E. G. Browne Year amongst Persians xiii. 388 I have alluded to the dialect spoken amongst themselves by the Zoroastrians of Persia, and by them called ‘Darí’.

1909 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. Jan. 158 I often heard a major..freely converse with Zoroastrians of the place, he speaking his Gūrāni dialect, they their Yezd dialect, known as dari.

1972 Middle East Forum (Alumni Assoc. Amer. Univ. Beirut) Autumn 64/1 Some of the Zoroastrians of Kerman speak a special Persian dialect which they themselves call Dari and which is called Gabri by hostile Muslims.

2004 East & West 54 322/2 The Iranian Zoroastrians refer to their own dialect as Darī.

B. adj.

1. Of or relating to the variety of the Persian language spoken in Afghanistan.In quot. 1867 with reference to the language now usually called Middle Persian.

ΚΠ

1867 M. Haug Old Zand-Pahlavi Gloss. p. iii The Dari language (old Persian) was the common language of the people.

1884 W. A. Clouston in tr. Bk. Sindibad Introd. p. xliv The work existed in Arabic long before the date of the Darī translation.

1989 tr. Voroshilov Lect. I. Pref. p. xviii The Dari text was sometimes supplemented by Russian.

2001 Foreign Policy Nov. 18/2 The Dari variant of Farsi that is the predominant language of Afghanistan wasn't even on the curriculum.

2015 New Yorker 18 May 96/3 For the first time he used the Dari word to address me.

2. Of or relating to the variety of the Persian language spoken by Zoroastrians in central Iran.

ΚΠ

1893 E. G. Browne Year amongst Persians xiii. 389 The following is a list of the Darí words and phrases which I collected at Yezd.

1901 W. St. Clair-Tisdall Sources Islam v. 89 There is a work believed by Zoroastrians to have been written in the language of heaven..and..translated in the Dari tongue.

1982 Jrnl. Near Eastern Stud. 41 72/2 Some remarks about..the uniqueness of the Dari dialect of the Zoroastrians would have been modified by Dr. Boyce had she been acquainted with other villages not in the Yazd area.

2006 Iran 44 328/2 Contemporary Zoroastrians in the Yazd region of Iran now substitute the Dari word kalak, ‘clay altar’, for ātashdān.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

darin.²

Origin: A borrowing from Turkish. Etymon: Turkish darı.

Etymology: < Ottoman Turkish darı millet (also daru; Turkish darı, (regional) daru), cognate with Old Turkic tarıġ cultivated land, crops (8th cent.), Karakhanid tarıġ crops, wheat, millet (11th cent.), Oghuz Turkic darı millet (11th cent.), Kipchak tarı millet (13th cent.) < the same Turkic base (with a suffix forming nouns) as Chaghatai tarı- to cultivate, to sow.

= durra n., Indian millet or Guinea corn.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > millet

millet?a1425

mill-seed1548

millet seed1567

couscous1596

dew-grass1597

Turkey hirse1597

Turkey mill1597

Turkey millet1597

milly1600

espauta1682

durra1803

Negro-corn1858

dari1892

1892 Daily News 28 June 2/8 Buckwheat, dari, and millet firm.

1892 Daily News 27 Oct. 7/4 Linseed, buckwheat, dari, and millet.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	dari
释义	Darin.¹adj. Brit. /daˈriː/, /ˈdɛːri/, U.S. /dæˈri/, /ˈdɛri/ Forms: 1700s–1800s Deri, 1800s– Dari. Origin: A borrowing from Persian. Etymon: Persian darī. Etymology: < Persian darī a variety of Persian spoken in Central Asia, now specifically in Afghanistan (10th cent., originally often with more general reference to a literary form of Persian) < dar door, gate, also used to refer to the royal court (cognate with Sanskrit dvāra door: see gurdwara n.) + -ī, suffix expressing belonging. A. n.¹ 1. The variety of the Persian language spoken in Afghanistan; Afghan Persian.Dari is the most widely spoken language in Afghanistan and one of the country's two official languages, the other being Pashto. It is mutually intelligible with Farsi, the Iranian variety of Persian, with differences primarily in vocabulary and pronunciation.In early use with reference to the language now usually called Middle Persian. ΚΠ 1791 Asiatick Researches 2 49 When Muhammed was born..two languages appear to have been generally prevalent in the great empire of Iràn; that of the Court, thence named Derì..and that of the learned,..which had the name of Pahlavì. 1838 Proc. Bombay Geogr. Soc. Aug. 65 Beharam-gaur, fourteenth of the Sassanian kings, superseded the Pehlvi dialect, by the use of the more polished one called Deri. 1867 M. Haug Old Zand-Pahlavi Gloss. Introd. p. iii The current common dialect..was not Pahlavi but Dari. 1986 K. Katzner Langs. of World (rev. ed.) ii. 167 In Iran it [sc. Modern Persian] is generally referred to as Farsi, in Afghanistan as Dari. 1996 T. Rahman Lang. & Politics in Pakistan viii. 141 The Afghan elite has traditionally used Dari. 2005 R. Nidel World Music: Basics iv. 209 The sound of Radio Afghanistan from the 1960s, sung in Pashto and Dari. 2016 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 14 Jan. 27/2 His guards spoke a language he didn't recognize, probably Dari. 2. The variety of the Persian language spoken by Zoroastrians in and around the cities of Yazd and Kerman in central Iran. ΚΠ 1893 E. G. Browne Year amongst Persians xiii. 388 I have alluded to the dialect spoken amongst themselves by the Zoroastrians of Persia, and by them called ‘Darí’. 1909 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. Jan. 158 I often heard a major..freely converse with Zoroastrians of the place, he speaking his Gūrāni dialect, they their Yezd dialect, known as dari. 1972 Middle East Forum (Alumni Assoc. Amer. Univ. Beirut) Autumn 64/1 Some of the Zoroastrians of Kerman speak a special Persian dialect which they themselves call Dari and which is called Gabri by hostile Muslims. 2004 East & West 54 322/2 The Iranian Zoroastrians refer to their own dialect as Darī. B. adj. 1. Of or relating to the variety of the Persian language spoken in Afghanistan.In quot. 1867 with reference to the language now usually called Middle Persian. ΚΠ 1867 M. Haug Old Zand-Pahlavi Gloss. p. iii The Dari language (old Persian) was the common language of the people. 1884 W. A. Clouston in tr. Bk. Sindibad Introd. p. xliv The work existed in Arabic long before the date of the Darī translation. 1989 tr. Voroshilov Lect. I. Pref. p. xviii The Dari text was sometimes supplemented by Russian. 2001 Foreign Policy Nov. 18/2 The Dari variant of Farsi that is the predominant language of Afghanistan wasn't even on the curriculum. 2015 New Yorker 18 May 96/3 For the first time he used the Dari word to address me. 2. Of or relating to the variety of the Persian language spoken by Zoroastrians in central Iran. ΚΠ 1893 E. G. Browne Year amongst Persians xiii. 389 The following is a list of the Darí words and phrases which I collected at Yezd. 1901 W. St. Clair-Tisdall Sources Islam v. 89 There is a work believed by Zoroastrians to have been written in the language of heaven..and..translated in the Dari tongue. 1982 Jrnl. Near Eastern Stud. 41 72/2 Some remarks about..the uniqueness of the Dari dialect of the Zoroastrians would have been modified by Dr. Boyce had she been acquainted with other villages not in the Yazd area. 2006 Iran 44 328/2 Contemporary Zoroastrians in the Yazd region of Iran now substitute the Dari word kalak, ‘clay altar’, for ātashdān. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). darin.² Origin: A borrowing from Turkish. Etymon: Turkish darı. Etymology: < Ottoman Turkish darı millet (also daru; Turkish darı, (regional) daru), cognate with Old Turkic tarıġ cultivated land, crops (8th cent.), Karakhanid tarıġ crops, wheat, millet (11th cent.), Oghuz Turkic darı millet (11th cent.), Kipchak tarı millet (13th cent.) < the same Turkic base (with a suffix forming nouns) as Chaghatai tarı- to cultivate, to sow. = durra n., Indian millet or Guinea corn. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > millet millet?a1425 mill-seed1548 millet seed1567 couscous1596 dew-grass1597 Turkey hirse1597 Turkey mill1597 Turkey millet1597 milly1600 espauta1682 durra1803 Negro-corn1858 dari1892 1892 Daily News 28 June 2/8 Buckwheat, dari, and millet firm. 1892 Daily News 27 Oct. 7/4 Linseed, buckwheat, dari, and millet. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹adj.1791n.²1892
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Darin.1adj.

darin.2

Darin.¹adj.

darin.²