daren.¹

Brit.

/dɛː/, U.S.

/dɛ(ə)r/

Forms: Also 1500s darre.

Etymology: < dare v.¹

1. An act of daring or defying; a defiance, challenge. Now colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > [noun] > challenge to

appeala1450

provocation1484

challenge1530

defya1586

gagea1592

dare1594

defiance1597

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] > defiance

despitec1380

cartel of defiancec1430

facing1481

facing and bracing1481

bearding1577

dare1594

braving1616

stouting1630

outbraving1631

affront1642

defiance1710

defial1793

bravadoing1809

bravading1812

defiantness1872

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > challenge or challenging > [noun] > to do something

dare1594

1594 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 ii. i. 39 Cardinall. Euen when thou darest. Humphrey. Dare. I tell thee Priest, Plantagenets could neuer brooke the dare.

1599 T. Heywood 2nd Pt. King Edward IV sig. M2^v His defiance and his dare to warre.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) i. ii. 176 Sextus Pompeius Haue giuen the dare to Cæsar.

a1688 J. Bunyan Dying Sayings in Wks. (1767) I. 48 Sin..is the dare of his [sic God's] justice.

1876 ‘M. Twain’ Tom Sawyer i. 8 I dare you to knock it off and anybody that'll take a dare will suck eggs.

1897 R. Kipling Captains Courageous viii. 161 In a minute half the boats were out and bobbing in the cockly swells, but Troop kept the We're Heres at work dressing-down. He saw no sense in ‘dares’.

1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren xi. 230 To give themselves guts when accepting a dare.

†2. Daring, boldness. Now rare or Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > daring > [noun]

derfshipa1225

boldheada1250

derayc1300

daringc1374

hardinessc1380

hardimenta1413

enterprisec1450

felony1485

boldness1489

adventurousness1530

derfnessc1540

hardihead1579

hardihood1594

dare1595

adventurement1598

audaciousness1601

daringness1622

adventuresomeness1731

1595 G. Markham Most Honorable Trag. Sir R. Grinuile lxxvii And yet, then these my darre shall be no lesse.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iv. i. 78 It lends..A larger dare to our great enterprise.

1904 H. R. Martin Tillie 13 I would love to play in the evening if I had the dare.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

daren.²

Brit.

/dɛː/, U.S.

/dɛ(ə)r/

Etymology: < dare v.²

A contrivance for ‘daring’ or fascinating larks.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fowling > fowling equipment > [noun] > devices to confuse birds

low bell1573

lowffing1581

daring-glass1590

dare1860

1860 G. A. Sala Hogarth vii, in Cornhill Mag. Aug. 239 (note) The ‘dare’ I have seen resembles a cocked hat—or chapeau bras—in form, and is studded with bits of looking-glass, not convex, but cut in facets inwards, like the theatrical ornament cast in zinc, and called a ‘logie’. The setting is painted bright red, and the facets turn on pivots, and being set in motion by a string attached to the foot, the larks are sufficiently ‘dared’, and come quite close over the fascinating toy.

1888 Athenæum 28 Jan. 122/1 The dare for larks, or mirror surrounded by smaller ones, over the mantel-piece, which exercised many commentators [Hogarth's Distressed Poet].

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† daren.³

Forms: Also Middle English dar.

Etymology: A singular formed on dars , Old French dars , darz , plural of dart, dard dart, dace. The Old French plural dars and nominative singular dars became in English darse , darce , dace n.

Obsolete.

= dace n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > family Cyprinidae (minnows and carps) > genus Leuciscus > leuciscus vulgaris (dace)

dacec1430

dare?a1500

vendosy1528

dart1655

showler1689

skelly1846

1314 in Wardrobe Acct. 8 Edw. II 21/12 Dars roches et pik 2s. 8d.]

?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 763/36 Hic capita, a dar.

1622 M. Drayton 2nd Pt. Poly-olbion xxvi. 120 The pretty slender Dare, of many cald the Dace.

1708 P. A. Motteux Wks. F. Rabelais i. iii As large as a Dare-Fish of Loire.

1740 R. Brookes Art of Angling i. xxiii. 60 The Dace or Dare..is not unlike a Chub.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

† daredarren.⁴

Etymology: Compare French dare, ‘a huge big bellie; also, Dole’ (Cotgrave).

Obsolete.

? A portion (or some definite portion).

ΚΠ

1528 Papers of Earls of Cumbrld. in Whitaker Hist. Craven (1812) 308 Item, for herbes five dares..for yeast, five dares.

1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edward II (1876) §2. 6 His livere..shalbe a darre of bredde.

1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edward II (1876) §9 He may take two darres of bred.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

darev.¹

Brit.

/dɛː/, U.S.

/dɛ(ə)r/

Inflections: Past tense durst

/dɜːst/, dared

/dɛərd/; past participle dared;

Forms: 1. Infinitive.

α. Old English durran, Middle English dore, Middle English doren, Middle English dorn, Middle English dur, Middle English durn, Middle English durre, Middle English durren. 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 4548 Na man sal þam dur biry.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22603 He a word ne sal dur speke.c1430 Pilgr. Lyf. Manhode i. lxxxi Þer shulde noon dore resceyue it.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 114 Darn, or durn ( Pynson darun, daren, or dorn), audeo.a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xlii. l. 538 They scholen not doren lyen.1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 68 To dore to me doo suche a shame.

β. Middle English daren, Middle English darn, Middle English darun, Middle English derre, Middle English– dare, 1700s–1800s daur (Scottish). c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) iv. 12 So hardy þat he sall dare ga to hir.1488 Cath. Angl. 89 Dare, audere, presumere, vsurpare.1488 Cath. Angl. 97 Derre, vsurpare, presumere, audere.1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. iii. 76 They shall not dare to despise it.1816 W. Scott Old Mortality viii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 163 They'll no daur open a door to us.1841 R. W. Emerson Self-reliance in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 84 Thou canst not hope too much or dare too much.1871 J. R. Macduff Memories of Patmos xi. 153 We cannot dare read the times and seasons of prophecy.

2. Present indicative. a. 1st singular. Old English darr (northern), Old English dear, Old English dearr, Old English–Middle English dear, Middle English darr ( Ormulum), Middle English der, Middle English–1500s (1600s Scottish) dar, Middle English– dare, 1700s–1800s daur (Scottish). c950 Lindisf. Gosp., Jerome's Prol. ⁋2 Þe ich darr huelc hwoego..to eccanne.c1000 Ælfric Genesis xliv. 34 Ne dear ic ham faran.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 10659 Ne darr i þe nohht fullhtnenn.a1225 St. Marher. 16 Speoken i ne dar nawt.a1240 Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 185 Mi leofman dear ich swa clipien.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3310 Ne der ich noht kennen.a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2169 I der leye mi lif.a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 938 Y dar nouȝt for schame.c1475 (?c1425) Avowing of King Arthur (1984) l. 603 I dar lay.a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 47/1 I dare well auowe it.a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. vii. 44 Letting I dare not, wait vpon I would.1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 58. ¶1 I dare promise my self.1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd ii. iv I daurna stay. b. 2nd singular.

α. Old English darst (northern), Old English dearst, Middle English dærst, Middle English darist, Middle English darrst ( Ormulum), Middle English darste, Middle English derst, Middle English–1500s darryst, Middle English–1500s darst, Middle English–1500s daryst, Middle English– darest, 1600s darst, 1600s– dar'st. OE Beowulf 527 Gif ðu..dearst..bidan.c1175 Lamb. Hom. 27 Þu ne derst cumen bi-foren him.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 5615 Þatt tu. Ne darrst nohht drihhtin wraþþenn.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10166 Þu ne dærst [c1300 Otho darst]..abiden.c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Hypsipyle. 1450 Now daryst thow [v.r. darstou] take this viage.c1400 Rom. Rose 2532 That thou resoun derst bigynne.c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 302 Whanne þou..ne darist not do it.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. lv Arte thou a knygte and darste not telle thy name?c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) v. 2144 Thou..darst repaire.1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 682 Thou..That dar'st..advance.

β. northern Middle English–1500s dar, Middle English– dare. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5668 How dare [Fairf. dar] þou sua þi broþer smite!1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iii. l. 361 Quhi, Scot, dar thou nocht preiff?1578 Gude & Godlie Ballates (1868) 116 How dar thow for mercy cry?

c. 3rd singular.

α. Old English darr (northern), Old English dear, Old English dearr, Old English–Middle English dear, Middle English darr ( Ormulum), Middle English der, Middle English–1500s dar, Middle English– dare, 1700s–1800s daur (Scottish). OE Beowulf 684 Gif he gesecean dear.c1175 Lamb. Hom. 111 He his men eisian ne der.c1275 11 Pains of Hell 231 in Old Eng. Misc. 153 Ne dar no seynt heom bidde fore.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 32 Þet ne dar naȝt guo ine þe peþe. ▸ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Rom. x. 20 Ysaie dar, and seith, I am foundyn of men not sekinge me.c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xii. 51 Nere þis see dare na man dwell.1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) lxx. 101 A coueytous herte dar well saye.c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) Prol. 11 Ȝit he dar be sa bold.1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iii. i. 74 Who dare tell her so?a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) v. i. 311 The Duke dare No more stretch this finger of mine, then he Dare racke his owne.1630 W. Davenant Cruell Brother 1 A pretty curr! Dare it bite as well as barke?1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. x*. 280 Shew me a word my Saunders daur speak, or a turn he daur do.1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xlvii. 70 Nor dare she trust a larger lay.

β. 1500s dareth, 1500s daryth, 1500s– dares. 1533 J. Heywood Mery Play Iohan Iohan sig. B.ii^v The kokold..for his lyfe daryth not loke hether ward.a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. vii. 46–7 I dare do all that may become a man, Who dares do more, is none.1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 108 The fearful Stag dares for his Hind engage.1798 Anti-Jacobin 21 May 221/1 The Man who dares to die.1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms ii. 241 Poor wretch! he dares not open his eye.1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xiv. 254 No priest dares hint at a Providence which does not respect English utility.

d. Plural.

α. Old English durron, Old English durrone, Middle English dor, Middle English dore, Middle English doren, Middle English dorre, Middle English dorren, Middle English dorun, Middle English dur, Middle English duren, Middle English durn, Middle English durne, Middle English durre, Middle English durren. c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) i. xxvii. Resp. 5 72 Þæt heo nowiht swelces ne durron gefremman.a1225 Juliana 47 Hu durre ȝe?c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12829 Þis lond-cnihtes ne durren [c1300 Otho ne dorre þis lond cnihtes] wið him mare na fehten.c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 244/133 Þat ne dorre we nouȝt.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2239 He ne duren ðe weie cumen in.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 38 Þet..nolleþ oþer ne dorre riȝt do.1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xliv. 26 We dorun [a1425 L.V. doren] not se the face of the lord.c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale (Harl.) 108 As þay þat dor [v.r. dore, dur, dar (3 MSS.), dare] nouȝt schewen her presence.c1400 in Wyclif's Sel. Wks. III. 476 Now durne worldly prestis take so grete lordschipe upon hem.c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xxvii. 271 Therfore dur not the marchauntes passen there.1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 107 Privyly as ȝe doren.

β. Middle English dar, Middle English–1500s darne, Middle English–1500s der (northern), Middle English– dare, 1600s dar (Scottish), 1700s–1800s daur (Scottish). 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. Prol. 152 We dar nouȝte wel loke.1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. iv. 214 Pore men der nat pleyne.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17425 Þan dar we sai o iesu þat he Es redi stad nu in galilee.c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) vi. 64 Thei dar wel werre with hem.c1400 Test. Love (1560) ii. 281/2 Loues servaunts..in no place darne appeare.15.. Sir Andrew Barton in Surtees Misc. (1890) 64 To France nor Flanders we der not goe.1562 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 4 We dar not contemne.1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxviii. 168 Ladies who dare write themselues.1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 55 in Sylva We dare hardily pronounce it.1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations II. iv. 68 How dare you tell me so?

3. Present subjunctive.

α. Old English dyrre, Old English–Middle English durre, Old English–Middle English durren (plural), Middle English derre, Middle English dorre, Middle English dure, Middle English durre (plural). c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xiv. §1 Hwæðer ðu durre gilpan.OE Beowulf 1379 Sec gif þu dyrre.c1220 Bestiary 187 Noȝ[t] wurdi, ðat tu dure loken up.a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1704 Non so kene, That durre abide mine onsene.c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 451 Com on ȝif þov derre.c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iv. xix Soo þat she durre no more be so proud.c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iv. xxix. 191 If þou dorre entre..þer in.

β. Middle English dair, Middle English– dare, 1700s–1800s daur (Scottish). a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xiii. 1 Þof a wreche dare thynke god is noght. a1375 [see sense 1b]. a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Gi^v Here is my gloue take it vp & thou dare.1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 31 If we dare to iudge our Iudge herein.1894 N.E.D. at Dare Mod. Do it if you dare!

4. Past indicative.

α. (singular) Old English darste (northern), Old English dorste, Old English–1500s durste, Middle English darste, Middle English derste, Middle English drust, Middle English durrste ( Ormulum), Middle English–1500s dorst, Middle English–1500s dorste, Middle English–1600s dirst, Middle English– durst; (plural) Old English dorston, Middle English dorste, Middle English dorsten, Middle English draste, Middle English durste, Middle English dursten, Middle English–1500s dorst, Middle English– durst. c893 tr. Orosius Hist. iv. xi Hwæðer he wið Romanum winnan dorste.918 Anglo-Saxon Chron. Hie ne dorston þæt land nawer gesecan.a1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1135 Durste nan man misdon wið oðer on his time.c1175 Lamb. Hom. 97 Ða apostlas ne dursten bodian.c1200 Ormin. 2098 Forrþi durrste he siþþenn Don hise þeowwess takenn Crist.c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 139 He ne dorste for godes eie forleten. ▸ c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1866 But dursten he [= they] newhen him no more.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2593 Durste ghe non lengere him for-helen.a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxi. 18 His kirtil þe whilke þai durst noght shere.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 73 Þe raþre..þanne þou dorstest..consenti. c1380 [see sense 2]. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 174 He his mother derste love.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 2928 Þar again durst he not spek.c1440 Partonope 1075 And the hethen drust not abyde.c1440 York Myst. xxiv. 14 How durst þou stele so stille away!1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale 32 He stretched forth his penne..as farre as he dirst.1583 C. Hollyband Campo di Fior 219 Wentest thou to see? I durst not.1641 R. Greville Disc. Nature Episcopacie 39 As Mercury once spared Jupiter's thunder-bolts which he dirst not steale.1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 204. ⁋11 They durst not speak.1849 J. W. Carlyle Lett. II. 88 I durst not let myself talk to you at Scotsbrig.

β. 1500s– dared, 1700s–1800s daur'd (Scottish). a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. C^v Louely Eleanour, Who darde for Edwards sake cut through the seas.a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. C^v She darde to brooke Neptunus haughtie pride.1641 J. Burroughes Sions Joy 26 They dared not doe as others did.1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. vi. 145 They dared not to stay him.1790 W. Cowper Let. 21 Nov. (1982) III. 430 Such as I dare not have given.1821 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 25 345 He dared not take the crown himself.1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxx. 303 Florence hardly dared to raise her eyes.1864 J. H. Newman Apologia 288 I dared not tell why.1883 J. A. Froude Short Stud. IV. i. iv. 48 Any one who dared to lay hands on him.

5. Past subjunctive. a. Old English dorsten (plural). Singular (and from Middle English, plural) as in past indicative.a1000 Boeth. Metr. i. 54 Gif hi leodfruman læstan dorsten.c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde i. 906 Yn loue I dorst [v.r. durst] haue sworn.1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. Prol. 178 Þere ne was ratoun..þat dorst haue ybounden þe belle aboute þe cattis nekke.1556 tr. J. de Flores Histoire de Aurelio & Isabelle sig. D5 What man..that dorste haue tolde me. b. This Past Subjunctive or Conditional durst (= would dare) is often (like the analogous could, would, should, ought) used indefinitely of present time.c1400–50 Alexander 1673 Sire, þis I depely disire, durst I it neuyn.1606 W. Crashaw Falsificationum Romanarum 161 Do but promise that you will iudge without partialitie, and I durst make you iudges in this case.1662 J. Glanvill Lux Orientalis xi. 108 I confesse, I'me so timerous that I durst not follow their example.1761 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy III. xx. 101 I have no desire,—and besides, if I had,—I durst not.1787 E. Inchbald tr. A.-J. Damaniaut Midnight Hour ii. 16 I hear his vessel is just arrived—I durst not leave my house.1881 Private Secretary I. 132 My mother does not drink wine and my father durstn't. 6. Present participle and verbal noun 1500s– daring. 1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. E4, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) None nowe daring to take the same out of your handes.1889 Spectator 19 Oct. Power..held on the tenure of daring to do, as well as daring to decide. 7. Past participle.

α. Middle English dorre, Middle English dorren, 1500s dare. Compare Old High German gitorran.c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) ii. v. 78 How hast thou dorre be so hardi?c1500 Melusine (1895) xlix. 324 How one knyght alone had the hardynes to haue dare come.

β. 1500s–1600s (1700s–1800s dialect) durst. 1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. lxxxvi They sholde nat haue durst the peoples vyce to blame.1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 60 But, Iochebed would faine (if she had durst) Her deere sonne Moses secretly have nource't.1665 S. Pepys Diary 27 Nov. (1972) VI. 311 A Hackny Coach, the first I have durst to go in many a day.1691 A. Gavin Observ. Journy to Naples 217 They had not durst so much as to take one step.1894 N.E.D. at Dare Mod. Sc. If I had durst do it.

γ. 1500s– dared. 1529 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 65 They have dared to break out so audaciously.a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. ii. 93 Those many had not dar'd to doe that euill.1883 Daily Tel. 10 Nov. 4/8 A simple monk had dared to consign a Papal decree to the flames.

8. Forms with initial þ, th Middle English ther (plural present indicative), Middle English thernot (plural present indicative, with negative particle affixed), Middle English therst (past indicative), Middle English therste (past indicative), Middle English therstou (2nd singular present indicative), Middle English thore (plural present indicative), Middle English thorst (past indicative), Middle English þurte (past indicative). Partly from Norse þora, þorði (Swedish torde, Danish turde), partly confused with tharf v. to need. ▸ c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 10 Þe wicteste man..That þurte riden on ani stede.c1300 St. Brandan 581 We ne thore oure maister i-seo.c1300 St. Brandan 585 Hou therstou..bifore him nemne his name?c1300 Beket 1550 Hi ne therste aȝe the Kinges wille nomore holde him so. [Also 895, 1156.]c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2668 Was þer þan no man þat in wraþþe þerst sen ys fas.1460 Lybeaus Disc. 1155 The four gonne to fle, And thorst naght nyghhe hym nere.1465 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 304 Thay say that they thernot take it vppon hem.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: One of the interesting group of Germanic preterite-present verbs, of which the extant present is an original preterite tense: see can v.¹, dow v.¹, etc. Old English durran , present dearr , durron , past dorste , = Old Saxon gidurran , -dar , -durrun , -dorsta , Middle Low German doren , dar , doren , dorste , Old Frisian dûra , (dûr or dor ), dorste , Old High German gi-turran , -tar , -turrun , -torsta , past participle gitorran , Middle High German turren , tar , turren , torste , subjunctive törste , Gothic ga-daursan , -dars , -daursun , subjunctive -daursjau , -daursta : belonging originally to the third ablaut series ders- , dars- , durs- , Aryan dhers- , dhars- , dhrs- : compare Sanskrit dhrsh- , perfect dadhārsha , to be bold, Greek θαρσ- , θρασ- in θρασύς bold, θαρσεῖν to be bold, Old Church Slavonic drŭzate to be bold, dare. In Old Norse, the word is wanting, its sense being supplied by the weak verb þora . It is also lost in modern German and Dutch; in Middle Dutch it appears to have run together with the verb dorven , = Old English þurfan to need (see tharf v.); hence in Dutch, durven is to dare; and German dürfen in some of its uses approaches the sense ‘dare’. These two verbs have also fallen together under a d form in some Frisian dialects; and in Middle English there was some confusion between them, dar being sometimes written for thar, while, on the other hand, th- forms (some of them at least from Norse) appear with the sense of dar: see Forms 9. The original 3rd singular present he dare, and past tense durst, remained undisturbed to the modern period, in which the transitive senses (B. II.) were developed; but early in the 16th cent. the new forms dares, dared, appeared in the south, and are always used in the transitive senses, and now also in the intransitive sense when followed by to. In the original construction, followed by the infinitive without to, dare, durst are still in common use (especially in the negative ‘he dare not’, ‘he durst not’); and most writers prefer ‘he dare go’, or ‘he dares to go’, to ‘he dares go ’. The northern dialects generally retain ‘he dare, he durst’, and writers of northern extraction favour their retention in literary English when followed by the simple infinitive without to.

Signification.

I. intransitive. (Inflected dare, durst (also dares, dared).)

1. To have boldness or courage (to do something); to be so bold as.

a. followed by infinitive without to (the original const.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > daring > venturousness > dare to do [verb]

darec1000

assurec1385

venture1598

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > lurking, skulking > lurk, skulk [verb (intransitive)]

loutc825

atlutienc1000

darec1000

lotea1200

skulk?c1225

lurkc1300

luskc1330

tapisc1330

lurchc1420

filsnec1440

lour?c1450

slink?c1550

mitch1558

jouk1575

scout1577

scult1622

meecha1625

tappy1706

slive1707

slinge1747

snake1818

cavern1860

c1000 [see ].

1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. Ne durste nan man don oþer bute god.

a1225 Juliana 42 Þenne darie we & ne durren neuer cumen biuoren him.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3586 Baldlik þat dar i sai.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 395 Whatsoeuer the king did, no man durst speake a worde.

1611 Bible (King James) John xxi. 12 None of the disciples durst aske him, Who art thou?

1743 S. Johnson Deb. Senate Lilliput in Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 636 No Man dared afterwards..expose himself to the Fury of the People.

1759 H. Walpole Corr. (ed. 3) III. cccxxxv. 302 Two hundred and sixty-eight Sequins are more than I dare lay out.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 74 Nature has caprices which art dares not imitate.

1862 A. Hislop Prov. Scotl. 5 Ae man may steal a horse where anither daurna look ower the hedge.

b. The infinitive is often unexpressed.

ΚΠ

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 103 & ȝelpeð of hare god. hwerse ha duren & maȝen.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2040 [I] missaide hire as i dorst.

c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 222 He mai be martyr if he dair.

1535 [see α. forms]. 1583 [see α. forms].

1652 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged (1809) 343 I have delivered it as plain as I durst.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 190 [They] brought them as near the Place as they durst.

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 26 The will to do, the soul to dare.

1864 C. M. Yonge Cameos lxix, in Monthly Packet May 477 His favourite uncle, John of Gaunt, had favoured the reformer as far as he durst.

c. with to and infinitive.In this construction the 3rd singular is now dares and the past tense dared; but durst to was formerly used. ‘None dared to speak’, is more emphatic than ‘none durst speak’.

ΚΠ

a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 269 The Counsell..neither durst to abridge or diminish any of them.

1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 9 It were to be wished, that they had dared to tell it.

1620 N. Brent tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Councel of Trent i. 37 A Spanish Notarie dared to appeare publikely in the Rota.

1625 C. Burges New Discouery Personal Tithes 6 No intelligent man durst absolutely to deny any of these Conclusions.

1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. 5 No one durst to breathe otherwise than according to the Dictates of her Law.

1836 W. Irving Astoria I. 289 No one would dare to desert.

1849 [see α. forms].

1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirlaugh III. 218 He did not dare to meet his uncle.

1883 [see β. forms].

d. In present form (dare), for the past dared or durst.

ΚΠ

1760 Impostors Detected I. 232 He pretended that the marquis dare not appear abroad by day.

1811 A. Bell in R. Southey Life (1844) II. 651 I wish I dare [= durst] put them down among our books.

1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest I. vii. 123 He told me he dare not speak to you on the subject.

1857 C. Kingsley Two Years Ago I. 214 She was silent; for to rouse her tyrant was more than she dare do.

1857 C. Kingsley Two Years Ago I. 298 But she went into no trance; she dare not.

2. (elliptical.) To dare to go, to venture.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > daring > venturousness > dare to do [verb] > dare to go

darec1380

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3725 Ferrer ne draste þay noȝt for fere.

1660 J. Gauden Mem. Bp. Brounrigg 151 There is nothing so audacious which wit unsanctified will not..dare at in Heaven or Hell.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 26 Apollo..bade me feed My fatning Flocks, nor dare beyond the Reed.

II. transitive. (Inflected dares, dared.)

3. To dare to undertake or do; to venture upon, have courage for, face.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > daring > venturousness > dare, venture, or presume to [verb (transitive)]

dare1631

1631 T. May tr. J. Barclay Mirrour of Mindes ii. 135 To dare all things, but nothing too much.

1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub xi. 194 Should some sourer Mungrel dare too near an Approach.

a1826 R. Heber Poet. Wks. (1841) 154 I will dare the course.

1867 M. E. Herbert Cradle Lands iii. 110 To teach them fortitude that they might dare all things, and bear all things for their Lord.

4. To dare or venture to meet or expose oneself to, to run the risk of meeting; to meet defiantly, defy (a thing).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > endanger [verb (transitive)] > put at risk > run the risk or brave the dangers of

undergoc1315

venture1548

hazard1550

to venture on (also upon1557

run1592

dare1604

endanger?1611

risk1673

to run the venture of1723

court1930

to go nap on1959

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. v. 131 I dare damnation..onely I'le be reueng'd.

1611 T. Heywood Golden Age i. sig. B2 A Crown's worth tugging for, and I wil ha't Though in pursute I dare my ominous Fate.

a1644 F. Quarles Solomons Recantation (1645) 23 O why should'st thou provoke thy God, and dare His curse upon thy practise?

1701 N. Rowe Ambitious Step-mother iv. i. 1738 If thou still persist to dare my Power.

1727 J. Gay Fables I. xx. 69 I stand resolv'd, and dare th'event.

1806 J. Lingard Antiq. Anglo-Saxon Church II. xii. 287 He hesitated not to dare the resentment of the pontiff.

1853 C. Brontë Villette I. vi. 89 I saw and felt London at last..I dared the perils of crossings.

a. To challenge or defy (a person).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > defy

stout1303

defy1377

beard1476

brave1546

brag1551

outface1574

to hold (a person) waga1578

dare1580

outbrave1589

bedarea1596

maugre1597

championa1616

to bid defiance to1632

stem1675

bravadea1698

bravo1732

the mind > emotion > courage > moral courage > one who braves danger > defy danger (person or thing) [verb]

face1570

dare1580

out-countenancec1585

to stand up to1596

outdare1598

to carry it off1663

to take the bull by the horns1711

brave1776

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > challenge or challenging > challenge (a person) [verb (transitive)]

provoke1474

to take to task1546

dare1580

assay1604

challenge1610

defy1674

banter1789

brag1843

to fuck with ——c1947

1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 48 An Englishman..[cannot] suffer..to be dared by any.

1589 ‘M. Marprelate’ Hay any Worke for Cooper 37 What wisedome is this in you to dare your betters?

a1653 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 138 A gyant tall, who darr'd him to his face.

1703 N. Rowe Ulysses i. i. 270 The Slave Who fondly dares us with his vain defiance.

1751 S. Richardson Clarissa (ed. 3) VIII. Concl. 264 Woman confiding in, and daring woman.

1813 J. Hogg Queen's Wake iii. 202 To range the savage haunts, and dare In his dark home the sullen bear.

1886 Harper's Mag. Dec. 105/2 Jabe Pennell begun to hunt him an' dare him.

1908 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables xxiii. 255 All the silly things..were done..because the doers thereof were ‘dared’ to do them.

1969 I. Opie & P. Opie Children's Games ix. 264 Sometimes you're dared to go and tie the wifies' doors together.

b. With various const., e.g. to dare (a person) to do something, to the fight, etc., †to dare out.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > challenge or challenging > challenge (a person) [verb (transitive)] > to do something

forbid1588

darea1592

a1592 R. Greene Hist. Orlando Furioso (1594) sig. Biii With haughtie menaces To dare me out within my Pallace gates.

1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 148 He would..meet the rebell in the heart of Lydia, and there dare him battell.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. xiii. 24 I dare him therefore To lay his gay Comparisons a-part.

1632 T. Randolph Jealous Lovers v. viii. 83 I dare him to th' encounter; let him meet me Here in the lists.

1672 R. Baxter Church told of Bagshaw's Scandals 11 As children dare one another into the dirt.

1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 157 I daur you try sic sportin.

1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest II. iii. 61 You wish to dare me to it—well, I won't be dared to any thing.

1873 W. Black Princess of Thule xxvii. 451 He knew she was daring him to contradict her.

III. Idiomatically with say.

6. dare say. [ < sense 1]

a. To be as bold as to say (because one is prepared to affirm it); to venture to assert or affirm.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > daring > venturousness > dare to do [verb] > dare to say

dare saya1375

venture1638

adventure1802

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1452 I dar seie & soþliche do proue, sche schal weld at wille more gold þan ȝe siluer.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4509 Bot i dar sai, and god it wat, ‘Qua leli luues for-gettes lat’.

c1460 Play Sacram. 316 Neyther mor or lesse Of dokettis good I dar well saye.

a1554 J. Croke tr. Thirteen Psalms (1844) vi. 7 My sute is heard..I dare well saye.

1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 274 No towne, noe Citie, is there (I dare say) in this whole Shyre, comparable..with this our Fleete.

1610 Bp. J. Hall Common Apol. against Brownists xxvii. 70 Who deuised your Office of Ministery? I dare say, not Christ.

1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 120 This I dare say is the best and neatest Explication..and..I believe it the truest.

b. transferred. To venture to say (because one thinks it likely); to assume as probable, presume. Almost exclusively in the parenthetic ‘I dare say’; rarely in oblique narration, ‘he dared say’. (In this use now sometimes written as one word, with stress on the first syllable.)Some dialects make the past daresaid, darsayed, dessayed.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > as I suppose [phrase]

methinkseOE

I weenc1175

afraid1530

I fancy1672

dare say1749

the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > taking for granted, presumption > assume, presuppose [verb (transitive)]

supposec1350

presumec1390

take1429

presupposec1443

takec1449

presupponec1475

supponea1513

subsume1562

foreprise1577

to take for granted1615

to give for granted1637

assume1660

foretake1674

premisea1706

predicate1718

dare say1749

pre-assume1789

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. vii. xii. 94 You give your Friend a very good Character..and a very deserved one, I dare say .

1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 147 La Fleur..told me he had a letter in his pocket..which, he durst say, would suit the occasion.

1807 A. M. Porter Hungarian Brothers I. v. 128 ‘Other women have admired you as much..I dare say’..‘O! if it's only a “dare say”,’ cried Demetrius, shrugging up his shoulders.

1853 J. W. Carlyle Lett. II. 221 I daresay you have thought me very neglectful.

1885 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 14 872 I daresay the rule was drafted without reference to the practice at common law.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

darev.²

Brit.

/dɛː/, U.S.

/dɛ(ə)r/

Forms: Also Middle English deare, Middle English dere.

Etymology: Old English darian , apparently in sense 3; to þam scræfe þær þa wiðersacan inne dariað behydde (Ælfric Saints' Lives xxiii. 322). Perhaps identical with the stem of Middle Dutch and Low German bedaren to appease, abate, compose, calm, Flemish verdaren, verdarien to astonish, amaze; but the word has not been found in the earlier stages of the Germanic languages, and the primary signification and sense-development are uncertain.

Obsolete or dialect.

I. intransitive.

†1. To gaze fixedly or stupidly; to stare as one terrified, amazed, or fascinated. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (intransitive)] > stare or gaze

stareOE

gawc1175

darea1225

porec1300

muse1340

glowc1374

gogglec1380

gazec1386

glore?a1400

glopc1400

govec1480

glower?a1513

gowk1513

daze1523

amuse1532

glew1587

to feed one's eyes1590

to seek, buy, or sow gape-seed1598

to shoot one's eyes1602

glazea1616

stargaze1639

gaum1691

to stare like a stuck pig1702

ygaze1737

gawk1785

to feed one's sight1813

gloze1853

glow1856

a1225 Leg. Kath. 2048 Þe keiser..dearede al adeadet, druicninde & dreori.

a1250 Owl & Nightingale 384 Ich mai i-son so wel so on hare, Theȝ ich bi daie sitte an dare.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 4055 Þe king was kast in gret þouȝt; he dared as doted man for þe bestes dedes.

1444 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 218 The snayl goth lowe doun, Darythe in his shelle, yit may he se no sight.

a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Diiii I haue an hoby can make larkys to dare.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 506/2 I dare, I prye or loke about me, je aduise alentour. What darest thou on this facyon? me thynketh thou woldest catche larkes.

1549 W. Thomas Hist. Italie f. 96 The emperour..constreigned Henry Dandolo..to stande so longe daryng in an hotte basen, that he lost his sight.

†2. figurative. To be in dismay, tremble with fear, lose heart. dread. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > dismay > lose heart or be dismayed [verb (intransitive)]

mayc1380

bash1382

dismayc1390

darea1400

dreepc1430

discourage1524

quail1548

blank1642

despond1655

the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > exhibit physical symptoms [verb (intransitive)] > shudder with fear

quakeOE

agriseOE

quavec1225

grisea1250

shiverc1250

aquake1303

tremble1303

gruec1330

shuddera1350

darea1400

gryec1400

grillc1420

fremishc1425

shrugc1440

oggle?a1475

hugge1483

starkle?1544

trepidate1623

quiver1670

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 21870 For þe se sale rise and rute, Mani man sal dere and dute.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2258 For drede he wolde not dare.

c1440 York Myst. xxviii. 2 My flesshe dyderis and daris for doute of my dede.

a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xxiv. sig. i.ii^v Dredefully darynge, comen now they be Theyr wynges traylynge, entred into the hall.

†3. To lie motionless (generally with the sense of fear), to lie appalled; to crouch. Also figurative, esp. in droop and dare. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > absence of movement > [verb (intransitive)]

darec1220

(not) to play paw?a1700

not to move a muscle1843

c1220 Bestiary 406 Ne stereð ȝe [ðe fox] noȝt of ðe stede..oc dareð so ȝe ded were.

a1225 Juliana 42 Þenne darie we & ne durren neuer cumen biuoren him.

c1386 G. Chaucer Shipman's Tale 103 Thise wedded men þat lye and dare As in a fourme sit a wery hare.

c1420 Anturs of Arth. iv The dere in the dellun Thay droupun and daren.

a1450 Le Morte Arth. 2575 Knyghtis of kynges blode, That longe wylle not droupe and dare.

?a1500 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) II. 148 (Date of MS. 1592) Builded thinges to grounde shall falle..And men in graves dare.

†4.

a. To be hid, lie hid, lurk. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, lie or hidden [verb (intransitive)]

mitheeOE

wryOE

darea1225

skulka1300

hidec1330

hulkc1330

dilla1400

droopc1420

shroudc1450

darkenc1475

conceal1591

lie1604

dern1608

burrow1614

obscurea1626

to lie (also stand, stay, etc.) perdu1701

lie close1719

a1225 Leg. Kath. 1135 Ȝef drihtin, þe darede in ure mennesse, wrahte þeos wundres.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark vii. 24 And he [sc. Jhesus]..miȝte not dare, or be priuy [a1425 L.V. be hid].

14.. Epiph. in Tundale's Vis. 107 The worm..Dareth full oft and kepeth hym covertly.

c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) iv. xvii. 117 b Under floures lyke a serpent dare Til be may styng.

c1440 W. Hylton Scala Perfeccionis (1494) i. lxiii There is moche pryde hydde in the grounde of thyne herte, as the foxe dareth in his denne.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 113 Daryn, or drowpyn or prively to be hydde, latito, lateo.

†b. with indirect object (dative): To be hid from, escape, be unknown to.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, lie or hidden [verb (intransitive)] > be undetected

dare1382

to play at peep-arm1631

to dance (also march, walk, etc.) in a net1680

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Pet. iii. 5 It daarith hem [a1425 L.V. it is hid fro hem] willinge this thing.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Pet. iii. 8 Oo thing daare ȝou not or be not unknowun.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xxvi. 26 I deme no thing of these for to dare him.

II. transitive.

†5. To daze, paralyse, or render helpless, with the sight of something; to dazzle and fascinate. to dare larks, to fascinate and daze them, in order to catch them. (Cf. sense 1, and daring n.²) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > confuse, bewilder [verb (transitive)]

bewhapec1320

mara1350

blunder?a1400

mada1425

to turn a person's brainc1440

astonish1530

maskc1540

dare1547

bemud1599

bedazea1605

dizzy1604

bemist1609

muddify1647

lose1649

bafflea1657

bewildera1680

bother?1718

bemuse1734

muddlea1748

flurrya1757

muzz1786

muzzle1796

flusker1841

haze1858

bemuddle1862

jitter1932

giggle-

the world > food and drink > hunting > fowling > hunt birds [verb (intransitive)] > fascinate larks

to dare larks1547

the mind > attention and judgement > attention > attracting attention > engage the attention [verb (transitive)] > hold attention, absorb

swallowc1330

deepc1380

dare1547

suspend1561

preoccupy1567

devour1568

to swallow up1581

enwrap1589

invest1601

steep1603

to take up1603

spell1646

possess1653

enchain1658

engross1661

absorb1749

fix1752

rivet1762

fascinate1782

spell-bind1808

arrest1814

mesmerize1862

to turn on1903

get1913

consume1999

1547 J. Hooper Answer Detection Deuyls Sophistrye 203 Virtuous councillors, whose eyes cannot be dared with these manifest and open abominations.

1551 T. Cranmer Answer S. Gardiner 121 Like vnto men that dare larkes, which holde vp an hoby, that the larkes eies beyng euer vpon the hoby, shuld not see the nette that is layd on theyr heades.

1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) x. lix. 256 The Spirit, that for God himselfe was made, Was dared by the Flesh.

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. ii. 283 Let his Grace go forward, And dare vs with his Cap, like Larkes.

a1625 J. Fletcher Pilgrim i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Fffff4/2 Some castrell That hovers over her, and dares her dayly.

1680 W. Temple Surv. Constit. of Empire in Wks. (1731) I. 90 They think France will be dared, and never take Wing, while they see such a Naval Power as ours and the Dutch hovering about all their Coasts.

1860 G. A. Sala in Cornhill Mag. Aug. 239 (note) A ‘dare for larks’ or circular board with pieces of looking-glass inserted, used, on sunshiny days, for the purpose of ‘daring’ or ‘dazing’ larks from their high soaring flight to within a distance convenient for shooting or netting them.

†6. To daunt, terrify, paralyse with fear. Now dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being intimidating > intimidate or bully [verb (transitive)]

awec1225

bashc1375

palla1393

argh1393

formengea1400

matea1400

boasta1522

quail1526

brag1551

appale1563

browbeat1581

adaw1590

overdare1590

dastard1593

strike1598

disdare1612

cowa1616

dare1619

daw1631

bounce1640

dastardize1645

intimidate1646

hector1664

out-hector1672

huff1674

bully1685

harass1788

bullyraga1790

major1829

haze1851

bullock1875

to push (someone) around1900

to put the frighteners in, on1958

psych1963

vibe1979

1619 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Maides Trag. iv. sig. H2 For I haue done those follies those mad mischiefes Would dare a woman.

1627 M. Drayton Miseries Queene Margarite in Battaile Agincourt 97 Clifford whom no danger yet could dare.

1771 Exmoor Scolding (ed. 7) (Gloss.) Dere, to hurry, frighten, or astonish a Child.

1771 Exmoor Scolding (ed. 7) at Thir Dere, a Word commonly used by Nurses in Devonshire, signifying to frighten or hurry a Child out of his Senses.

1864 E. Capern Devon Provincialism To dare, to frighten. He dare'd me, he surprized me, I was dare'd, I was surprized.

Derivatives

dared adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of terror or horror > [adjective]

affrightOE

ofgrisea1200

adreadc1225

ofgasta1300

aghastc1300

dreadc1300

dreadfula1325

dreadya1325

forfrighteda1325

frightfula1325

gasta1382

dareda1400

aghasteda1425

mazed1493

awfula1522

agazed1557

flaited1565

terrifiedc1586

gastereda1644

scarified1895

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > dullness of sense perception > [adjective] > physically stupefied

amazedOE

astoundc1315

stonieda1340

dareda1400

dazedc1400

stupefact?a1425

adasedc1450

dolda1500

dazinga1533

dazzling1571

stupid1571

fordulled1591

entranced1594

torpid1656

damp1667

stuporous1712

rammista1838

stuporose1879

dazy1880

sent1940

like a stunned mullet1953

the world > food and drink > hunting > fowling > [adjective] > fascinated larks

dared1563

a1400–50 Alexander 3044 Selcuth kniȝtis, Sum darid [Dubl. MS, dasyd], sum dede, sum depe wondid.

1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Idolatry iii, in J. Griffiths Two Bks. Homilies (1859) ii. 252 They become as wise as the blocks themselves which they stare on, and so fall down as dared larks in that gaze.

1679 J. Dryden & N. Lee Oedipus i. 10 Then crow'd, like a dar'd Lark.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1594

n.²1860

n.³?a1500

n.⁴1528

v.¹c1000

v.²c1220

单词	dare
释义	daren.¹ Brit. /dɛː/, U.S. /dɛ(ə)r/ Forms: Also 1500s darre. Etymology: < dare v.¹ 1. An act of daring or defying; a defiance, challenge. Now colloquial. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > [noun] > challenge to appeala1450 provocation1484 challenge1530 defya1586 gagea1592 dare1594 defiance1597 the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] > defiance despitec1380 cartel of defiancec1430 facing1481 facing and bracing1481 bearding1577 dare1594 braving1616 stouting1630 outbraving1631 affront1642 defiance1710 defial1793 bravadoing1809 bravading1812 defiantness1872 society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > challenge or challenging > [noun] > to do something dare1594 1594 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 ii. i. 39 Cardinall. Euen when thou darest. Humphrey. Dare. I tell thee Priest, Plantagenets could neuer brooke the dare. 1599 T. Heywood 2nd Pt. King Edward IV sig. M2^v His defiance and his dare to warre. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) i. ii. 176 Sextus Pompeius Haue giuen the dare to Cæsar. View more context for this quotation a1688 J. Bunyan Dying Sayings in Wks. (1767) I. 48 Sin..is the dare of his [sic God's] justice. 1876 ‘M. Twain’ Tom Sawyer i. 8 I dare you to knock it off and anybody that'll take a dare will suck eggs. 1897 R. Kipling Captains Courageous viii. 161 In a minute half the boats were out and bobbing in the cockly swells, but Troop kept the We're Heres at work dressing-down. He saw no sense in ‘dares’. 1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren xi. 230 To give themselves guts when accepting a dare. †2. Daring, boldness. Now rare or Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > daring > [noun] derfshipa1225 boldheada1250 derayc1300 daringc1374 hardinessc1380 hardimenta1413 enterprisec1450 felony1485 boldness1489 adventurousness1530 derfnessc1540 hardihead1579 hardihood1594 dare1595 adventurement1598 audaciousness1601 daringness1622 adventuresomeness1731 1595 G. Markham Most Honorable Trag. Sir R. Grinuile lxxvii And yet, then these my darre shall be no lesse. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iv. i. 78 It lends..A larger dare to our great enterprise. View more context for this quotation 1904 H. R. Martin Tillie 13 I would love to play in the evening if I had the dare. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022). daren.² Brit. /dɛː/, U.S. /dɛ(ə)r/ Etymology: < dare v.² A contrivance for ‘daring’ or fascinating larks. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fowling > fowling equipment > [noun] > devices to confuse birds low bell1573 lowffing1581 daring-glass1590 dare1860 1860 G. A. Sala Hogarth vii, in Cornhill Mag. Aug. 239 (note) The ‘dare’ I have seen resembles a cocked hat—or chapeau bras—in form, and is studded with bits of looking-glass, not convex, but cut in facets inwards, like the theatrical ornament cast in zinc, and called a ‘logie’. The setting is painted bright red, and the facets turn on pivots, and being set in motion by a string attached to the foot, the larks are sufficiently ‘dared’, and come quite close over the fascinating toy. 1888 Athenæum 28 Jan. 122/1 The dare for larks, or mirror surrounded by smaller ones, over the mantel-piece, which exercised many commentators [Hogarth's Distressed Poet]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † daren.³ Forms: Also Middle English dar. Etymology: A singular formed on dars , Old French dars , darz , plural of dart, dard dart, dace. The Old French plural dars and nominative singular dars became in English darse , darce , dace n. Obsolete. = dace n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > family Cyprinidae (minnows and carps) > genus Leuciscus > leuciscus vulgaris (dace) dacec1430 dare?a1500 vendosy1528 dart1655 showler1689 skelly1846 1314 in Wardrobe Acct. 8 Edw. II 21/12 Dars roches et pik 2s. 8d.] ?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 763/36 Hic capita, a dar. 1622 M. Drayton 2nd Pt. Poly-olbion xxvi. 120 The pretty slender Dare, of many cald the Dace. 1708 P. A. Motteux Wks. F. Rabelais i. iii As large as a Dare-Fish of Loire. 1740 R. Brookes Art of Angling i. xxiii. 60 The Dace or Dare..is not unlike a Chub. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † daredarren.⁴ Etymology: Compare French dare, ‘a huge big bellie; also, Dole’ (Cotgrave). Obsolete. ? A portion (or some definite portion). ΚΠ 1528 Papers of Earls of Cumbrld. in Whitaker Hist. Craven (1812) 308 Item, for herbes five dares..for yeast, five dares. 1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edward II (1876) §2. 6 His livere..shalbe a darre of bredde. 1601 F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edward II (1876) §9 He may take two darres of bred. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2021). darev.¹ Brit. /dɛː/, U.S. /dɛ(ə)r/ Inflections: Past tense durst /dɜːst/, dared /dɛərd/; past participle dared; Forms: 1. Infinitive. α. Old English durran, Middle English dore, Middle English doren, Middle English dorn, Middle English dur, Middle English durn, Middle English durre, Middle English durren. 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 4548 Na man sal þam dur biry.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22603 He a word ne sal dur speke.c1430 Pilgr. Lyf. Manhode i. lxxxi Þer shulde noon dore resceyue it.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 114 Darn, or durn ( Pynson darun, daren, or dorn), audeo.a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xlii. l. 538 They scholen not doren lyen.1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 68 To dore to me doo suche a shame. β. Middle English daren, Middle English darn, Middle English darun, Middle English derre, Middle English– dare, 1700s–1800s daur (Scottish). c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) iv. 12 So hardy þat he sall dare ga to hir.1488 Cath. Angl. 89 Dare, audere, presumere, vsurpare.1488 Cath. Angl. 97 Derre, vsurpare, presumere, audere.1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. iii. 76 They shall not dare to despise it.1816 W. Scott Old Mortality viii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 163 They'll no daur open a door to us.1841 R. W. Emerson Self-reliance in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 84 Thou canst not hope too much or dare too much.1871 J. R. Macduff Memories of Patmos xi. 153 We cannot dare read the times and seasons of prophecy. 2. Present indicative. a. 1st singular. Old English darr (northern), Old English dear, Old English dearr, Old English–Middle English dear, Middle English darr ( Ormulum), Middle English der, Middle English–1500s (1600s Scottish) dar, Middle English– dare, 1700s–1800s daur (Scottish). c950 Lindisf. Gosp., Jerome's Prol. ⁋2 Þe ich darr huelc hwoego..to eccanne.c1000 Ælfric Genesis xliv. 34 Ne dear ic ham faran.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 10659 Ne darr i þe nohht fullhtnenn.a1225 St. Marher. 16 Speoken i ne dar nawt.a1240 Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 185 Mi leofman dear ich swa clipien.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3310 Ne der ich noht kennen.a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2169 I der leye mi lif.a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 938 Y dar nouȝt for schame.c1475 (?c1425) Avowing of King Arthur (1984) l. 603 I dar lay.a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 47/1 I dare well auowe it.a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. vii. 44 Letting I dare not, wait vpon I would.1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 58. ¶1 I dare promise my self.1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd ii. iv I daurna stay. b. 2nd singular. α. Old English darst (northern), Old English dearst, Middle English dærst, Middle English darist, Middle English darrst ( Ormulum), Middle English darste, Middle English derst, Middle English–1500s darryst, Middle English–1500s darst, Middle English–1500s daryst, Middle English– darest, 1600s darst, 1600s– dar'st. OE Beowulf 527 Gif ðu..dearst..bidan.c1175 Lamb. Hom. 27 Þu ne derst cumen bi-foren him.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 5615 Þatt tu. Ne darrst nohht drihhtin wraþþenn.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10166 Þu ne dærst [c1300 Otho darst]..abiden.c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Hypsipyle. 1450 Now daryst thow [v.r. darstou] take this viage.c1400 Rom. Rose 2532 That thou resoun derst bigynne.c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 302 Whanne þou..ne darist not do it.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. lv Arte thou a knygte and darste not telle thy name?c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) v. 2144 Thou..darst repaire.1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 682 Thou..That dar'st..advance. β. northern Middle English–1500s dar, Middle English– dare. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5668 How dare [Fairf. dar] þou sua þi broþer smite!1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iii. l. 361 Quhi, Scot, dar thou nocht preiff?1578 Gude & Godlie Ballates (1868) 116 How dar thow for mercy cry? c. 3rd singular. α. Old English darr (northern), Old English dear, Old English dearr, Old English–Middle English dear, Middle English darr ( Ormulum), Middle English der, Middle English–1500s dar, Middle English– dare, 1700s–1800s daur (Scottish). OE Beowulf 684 Gif he gesecean dear.c1175 Lamb. Hom. 111 He his men eisian ne der.c1275 11 Pains of Hell 231 in Old Eng. Misc. 153 Ne dar no seynt heom bidde fore.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 32 Þet ne dar naȝt guo ine þe peþe. ▸ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Rom. x. 20 Ysaie dar, and seith, I am foundyn of men not sekinge me.c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xii. 51 Nere þis see dare na man dwell.1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) lxx. 101 A coueytous herte dar well saye.c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) Prol. 11 Ȝit he dar be sa bold.1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iii. i. 74 Who dare tell her so?a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) v. i. 311 The Duke dare No more stretch this finger of mine, then he Dare racke his owne.1630 W. Davenant Cruell Brother 1 A pretty curr! Dare it bite as well as barke?1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. x. 280 Shew me a word my Saunders daur speak, or a turn he daur do.1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam* xlvii. 70 Nor dare she trust a larger lay. β. 1500s dareth, 1500s daryth, 1500s– dares. 1533 J. Heywood Mery Play Iohan Iohan sig. B.ii^v The kokold..for his lyfe daryth not loke hether ward.a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. vii. 46–7 I dare do all that may become a man, Who dares do more, is none.1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 108 The fearful Stag dares for his Hind engage.1798 Anti-Jacobin 21 May 221/1 The Man who dares to die.1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms ii. 241 Poor wretch! he dares not open his eye.1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xiv. 254 No priest dares hint at a Providence which does not respect English utility. d. Plural. α. Old English durron, Old English durrone, Middle English dor, Middle English dore, Middle English doren, Middle English dorre, Middle English dorren, Middle English dorun, Middle English dur, Middle English duren, Middle English durn, Middle English durne, Middle English durre, Middle English durren. c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) i. xxvii. Resp. 5 72 Þæt heo nowiht swelces ne durron gefremman.a1225 Juliana 47 Hu durre ȝe?c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12829 Þis lond-cnihtes ne durren [c1300 Otho ne dorre þis lond cnihtes] wið him mare na fehten.c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 244/133 Þat ne dorre we nouȝt.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2239 He ne duren ðe weie cumen in.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 38 Þet..nolleþ oþer ne dorre riȝt do.1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xliv. 26 We dorun [a1425 L.V. doren] not se the face of the lord.c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale (Harl.) 108 As þay þat dor [v.r. dore, dur, dar (3 MSS.), dare] nouȝt schewen her presence.c1400 in Wyclif's Sel. Wks. III. 476 Now durne worldly prestis take so grete lordschipe upon hem.c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xxvii. 271 Therfore dur not the marchauntes passen there.1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 107 Privyly as ȝe doren. β. Middle English dar, Middle English–1500s darne, Middle English–1500s der (northern), Middle English– dare, 1600s dar (Scottish), 1700s–1800s daur (Scottish). 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. Prol. 152 We dar nouȝte wel loke.1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. iv. 214 Pore men der nat pleyne.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17425 Þan dar we sai o iesu þat he Es redi stad nu in galilee.c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) vi. 64 Thei dar wel werre with hem.c1400 Test. Love (1560) ii. 281/2 Loues servaunts..in no place darne appeare.15.. Sir Andrew Barton in Surtees Misc. (1890) 64 To France nor Flanders we der not goe.1562 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 4 We dar not contemne.1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxviii. 168 Ladies who dare write themselues.1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 55 in Sylva We dare hardily pronounce it.1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations II. iv. 68 How dare you tell me so? 3. Present subjunctive. α. Old English dyrre, Old English–Middle English durre, Old English–Middle English durren (plural), Middle English derre, Middle English dorre, Middle English dure, Middle English durre (plural). c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xiv. §1 Hwæðer ðu durre gilpan.OE Beowulf 1379 Sec gif þu dyrre.c1220 Bestiary 187 Noȝ[t] wurdi, ðat tu dure loken up.a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1704 Non so kene, That durre abide mine onsene.c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 451 Com on ȝif þov derre.c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iv. xix Soo þat she durre no more be so proud.c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iv. xxix. 191 If þou dorre entre..þer in. β. Middle English dair, Middle English– dare, 1700s–1800s daur (Scottish). a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xiii. 1 Þof a wreche dare thynke god is noght. a1375 [see sense 1b]. a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Gi^v Here is my gloue take it vp & thou dare.1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 31 If we dare to iudge our Iudge herein.1894 N.E.D. at Dare Mod. Do it if you dare! 4. Past indicative. α. (singular) Old English darste (northern), Old English dorste, Old English–1500s durste, Middle English darste, Middle English derste, Middle English drust, Middle English durrste ( Ormulum), Middle English–1500s dorst, Middle English–1500s dorste, Middle English–1600s dirst, Middle English– durst; (plural) Old English dorston, Middle English dorste, Middle English dorsten, Middle English draste, Middle English durste, Middle English dursten, Middle English–1500s dorst, Middle English– durst. c893 tr. Orosius Hist. iv. xi Hwæðer he wið Romanum winnan dorste.918 Anglo-Saxon Chron. Hie ne dorston þæt land nawer gesecan.a1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1135 Durste nan man misdon wið oðer on his time.c1175 Lamb. Hom. 97 Ða apostlas ne dursten bodian.c1200 Ormin. 2098 Forrþi durrste he siþþenn Don hise þeowwess takenn Crist.c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 139 He ne dorste for godes eie forleten. ▸ c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1866 But dursten he [= they] newhen him no more.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2593 Durste ghe non lengere him for-helen.a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxi. 18 His kirtil þe whilke þai durst noght shere.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 73 Þe raþre..þanne þou dorstest..consenti. c1380 [see sense 2]. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 174 He his mother derste love.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 2928 Þar again durst he not spek.c1440 Partonope 1075 And the hethen drust not abyde.c1440 York Myst. xxiv. 14 How durst þou stele so stille away!1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale 32 He stretched forth his penne..as farre as he dirst.1583 C. Hollyband Campo di Fior 219 Wentest thou to see? I durst not.1641 R. Greville Disc. Nature Episcopacie 39 As Mercury once spared Jupiter's thunder-bolts which he dirst not steale.1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 204. ⁋11 They durst not speak.1849 J. W. Carlyle Lett. II. 88 I durst not let myself talk to you at Scotsbrig. β. 1500s– dared, 1700s–1800s daur'd (Scottish). a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. C^v Louely Eleanour, Who darde for Edwards sake cut through the seas.a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. C^v She darde to brooke Neptunus haughtie pride.1641 J. Burroughes Sions Joy 26 They dared not doe as others did.1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. vi. 145 They dared not to stay him.1790 W. Cowper Let. 21 Nov. (1982) III. 430 Such as I dare not have given.1821 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 25 345 He dared not take the crown himself.1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxx. 303 Florence hardly dared to raise her eyes.1864 J. H. Newman Apologia 288 I dared not tell why.1883 J. A. Froude Short Stud. IV. i. iv. 48 Any one who dared to lay hands on him. 5. Past subjunctive. a. Old English dorsten (plural). Singular (and from Middle English, plural) as in past indicative.a1000 Boeth. Metr. i. 54 Gif hi leodfruman læstan dorsten.c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde i. 906 Yn loue I dorst [v.r. durst] haue sworn.1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. Prol. 178 Þere ne was ratoun..þat dorst haue ybounden þe belle aboute þe cattis nekke.1556 tr. J. de Flores Histoire de Aurelio & Isabelle sig. D5 What man..that dorste haue tolde me. b. This Past Subjunctive or Conditional durst (= would dare) is often (like the analogous could, would, should, ought) used indefinitely of present time.c1400–50 Alexander 1673 Sire, þis I depely disire, durst I it neuyn.1606 W. Crashaw Falsificationum Romanarum 161 Do but promise that you will iudge without partialitie, and I durst make you iudges in this case.1662 J. Glanvill Lux Orientalis xi. 108 I confesse, I'me so timerous that I durst not follow their example.1761 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy III. xx. 101 I have no desire,—and besides, if I had,—I durst not.1787 E. Inchbald tr. A.-J. Damaniaut Midnight Hour ii. 16 I hear his vessel is just arrived—I durst not leave my house.1881 Private Secretary I. 132 My mother does not drink wine and my father durstn't. 6. Present participle and verbal noun 1500s– daring. 1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. E4, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) None nowe daring to take the same out of your handes.1889 Spectator 19 Oct. Power..held on the tenure of daring to do, as well as daring to decide. 7. Past participle. α. Middle English dorre, Middle English dorren, 1500s dare. Compare Old High German gitorran.c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) ii. v. 78 How hast thou dorre be so hardi?c1500 Melusine (1895) xlix. 324 How one knyght alone had the hardynes to haue dare come. β. 1500s–1600s (1700s–1800s dialect) durst. 1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. lxxxvi They sholde nat haue durst the peoples vyce to blame.1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 60 But, Iochebed would faine (if she had durst) Her deere sonne Moses secretly have nource't.1665 S. Pepys Diary 27 Nov. (1972) VI. 311 A Hackny Coach, the first I have durst to go in many a day.1691 A. Gavin Observ. Journy to Naples 217 They had not durst so much as to take one step.1894 N.E.D. at Dare Mod. Sc. If I had durst do it. γ. 1500s– dared. 1529 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 65 They have dared to break out so audaciously.a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. ii. 93 Those many had not dar'd to doe that euill.1883 Daily Tel. 10 Nov. 4/8 A simple monk had dared to consign a Papal decree to the flames. 8. Forms with initial þ, th Middle English ther (plural present indicative), Middle English thernot (plural present indicative, with negative particle affixed), Middle English therst (past indicative), Middle English therste (past indicative), Middle English therstou (2nd singular present indicative), Middle English thore (plural present indicative), Middle English thorst (past indicative), Middle English þurte (past indicative). Partly from Norse þora, þorði (Swedish torde, Danish turde), partly confused with tharf v. to need. ▸ c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 10 Þe wicteste man..That þurte riden on ani stede.c1300 St. Brandan 581 We ne thore oure maister i-seo.c1300 St. Brandan 585 Hou therstou..bifore him nemne his name?c1300 Beket 1550 Hi ne therste aȝe the Kinges wille nomore holde him so. [Also 895, 1156.]c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2668 Was þer þan no man þat in wraþþe þerst sen ys fas.1460 Lybeaus Disc. 1155 The four gonne to fle, And thorst naght nyghhe hym nere.1465 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 304 Thay say that they thernot take it vppon hem. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: One of the interesting group of Germanic preterite-present verbs, of which the extant present is an original preterite tense: see can v.¹, dow v.¹, etc. Old English durran , present dearr , durron , past dorste , = Old Saxon gidurran , -dar , -durrun , -dorsta , Middle Low German doren , dar , doren , dorste , Old Frisian dûra , (dûr or dor ), dorste , Old High German gi-turran , -tar , -turrun , -torsta , past participle gitorran , Middle High German turren , tar , turren , torste , subjunctive törste , Gothic ga-daursan , -dars , -daursun , subjunctive -daursjau , -daursta : belonging originally to the third ablaut series ders- , dars- , durs- , Aryan dhers- , dhars- , dhrs- : compare Sanskrit dhrsh- , perfect dadhārsha , to be bold, Greek θαρσ- , θρασ- in θρασύς bold, θαρσεῖν to be bold, Old Church Slavonic drŭzate to be bold, dare. In Old Norse, the word is wanting, its sense being supplied by the weak verb þora . It is also lost in modern German and Dutch; in Middle Dutch it appears to have run together with the verb dorven , = Old English þurfan to need (see tharf v.); hence in Dutch, durven is to dare; and German dürfen in some of its uses approaches the sense ‘dare’. These two verbs have also fallen together under a d form in some Frisian dialects; and in Middle English there was some confusion between them, dar being sometimes written for thar, while, on the other hand, th- forms (some of them at least from Norse) appear with the sense of dar: see Forms 9. The original 3rd singular present he dare, and past tense durst, remained undisturbed to the modern period, in which the transitive senses (B. II.) were developed; but early in the 16th cent. the new forms dares, dared, appeared in the south, and are always used in the transitive senses, and now also in the intransitive sense when followed by to. In the original construction, followed by the infinitive without to, dare, durst are still in common use (especially in the negative ‘he dare not’, ‘he durst not’); and most writers prefer ‘he dare go’, or ‘he dares to go’, to ‘he dares go ’. The northern dialects generally retain ‘he dare, he durst’, and writers of northern extraction favour their retention in literary English when followed by the simple infinitive without to. Signification. I. intransitive. (Inflected dare, durst (also dares, dared).) 1. To have boldness or courage (to do something); to be so bold as. a. followed by infinitive without to (the original const.). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > daring > venturousness > dare to do [verb] darec1000 assurec1385 venture1598 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > lurking, skulking > lurk, skulk [verb (intransitive)] loutc825 atlutienc1000 darec1000 lotea1200 skulk?c1225 lurkc1300 luskc1330 tapisc1330 lurchc1420 filsnec1440 lour?c1450 slink?c1550 mitch1558 jouk1575 scout1577 scult1622 meecha1625 tappy1706 slive1707 slinge1747 snake1818 cavern1860 c1000 [see ]. 1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. Ne durste nan man don oþer bute god. a1225 Juliana 42 Þenne darie we & ne durren neuer cumen biuoren him. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3586 Baldlik þat dar i sai. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 395 Whatsoeuer the king did, no man durst speake a worde. 1611 Bible (King James) John xxi. 12 None of the disciples durst aske him, Who art thou? View more context for this quotation 1743 S. Johnson Deb. Senate Lilliput in Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 636 No Man dared afterwards..expose himself to the Fury of the People. 1759 H. Walpole Corr. (ed. 3) III. cccxxxv. 302 Two hundred and sixty-eight Sequins are more than I dare lay out. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 74 Nature has caprices which art dares not imitate. 1862 A. Hislop Prov. Scotl. 5 Ae man may steal a horse where anither daurna look ower the hedge. b. The infinitive is often unexpressed. ΚΠ ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 103 & ȝelpeð of hare god. hwerse ha duren & maȝen. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2040 [I] missaide hire as i dorst. c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 222 He mai be martyr if he dair. 1535 [see α. forms]. 1583 [see α. forms]. 1652 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged (1809) 343 I have delivered it as plain as I durst. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 190 [They] brought them as near the Place as they durst. 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 26 The will to do, the soul to dare. 1864 C. M. Yonge Cameos lxix, in Monthly Packet May 477 His favourite uncle, John of Gaunt, had favoured the reformer as far as he durst. c. with to and infinitive.In this construction the 3rd singular is now dares and the past tense dared; but durst to was formerly used. ‘None dared to speak’, is more emphatic than ‘none durst speak’. ΚΠ a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 269 The Counsell..neither durst to abridge or diminish any of them. 1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 9 It were to be wished, that they had dared to tell it. 1620 N. Brent tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Councel of Trent i. 37 A Spanish Notarie dared to appeare publikely in the Rota. 1625 C. Burges New Discouery Personal Tithes 6 No intelligent man durst absolutely to deny any of these Conclusions. 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. 5 No one durst to breathe otherwise than according to the Dictates of her Law. 1836 W. Irving Astoria I. 289 No one would dare to desert. 1849 [see α. forms]. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirlaugh III. 218 He did not dare to meet his uncle. 1883 [see β. forms]. d. In present form (dare), for the past dared or durst. ΚΠ 1760 Impostors Detected I. 232 He pretended that the marquis dare not appear abroad by day. 1811 A. Bell in R. Southey Life (1844) II. 651 I wish I dare [= durst] put them down among our books. 1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest I. vii. 123 He told me he dare not speak to you on the subject. 1857 C. Kingsley Two Years Ago I. 214 She was silent; for to rouse her tyrant was more than she dare do. 1857 C. Kingsley Two Years Ago I. 298 But she went into no trance; she dare not. 2. (elliptical.) To dare to go, to venture. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > daring > venturousness > dare to do [verb] > dare to go darec1380 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3725 Ferrer ne draste þay noȝt for fere. 1660 J. Gauden Mem. Bp. Brounrigg 151 There is nothing so audacious which wit unsanctified will not..dare at in Heaven or Hell. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 26 Apollo..bade me feed My fatning Flocks, nor dare beyond the Reed. II. transitive. (Inflected dares, dared.) 3. To dare to undertake or do; to venture upon, have courage for, face. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > daring > venturousness > dare, venture, or presume to [verb (transitive)] dare1631 1631 T. May tr. J. Barclay Mirrour of Mindes ii. 135 To dare all things, but nothing too much. 1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub xi. 194 Should some sourer Mungrel dare too near an Approach. a1826 R. Heber Poet. Wks. (1841) 154 I will dare the course. 1867 M. E. Herbert Cradle Lands iii. 110 To teach them fortitude that they might dare all things, and bear all things for their Lord. 4. To dare or venture to meet or expose oneself to, to run the risk of meeting; to meet defiantly, defy (a thing). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > endanger [verb (transitive)] > put at risk > run the risk or brave the dangers of undergoc1315 venture1548 hazard1550 to venture on (also upon1557 run1592 dare1604 endanger?1611 risk1673 to run the venture of1723 court1930 to go nap on1959 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. v. 131 I dare damnation..onely I'le be reueng'd. View more context for this quotation 1611 T. Heywood Golden Age i. sig. B2 A Crown's worth tugging for, and I wil ha't Though in pursute I dare my ominous Fate. a1644 F. Quarles Solomons Recantation (1645) 23 O why should'st thou provoke thy God, and dare His curse upon thy practise? 1701 N. Rowe Ambitious Step-mother iv. i. 1738 If thou still persist to dare my Power. 1727 J. Gay Fables I. xx. 69 I stand resolv'd, and dare th'event. 1806 J. Lingard Antiq. Anglo-Saxon Church II. xii. 287 He hesitated not to dare the resentment of the pontiff. 1853 C. Brontë Villette I. vi. 89 I saw and felt London at last..I dared the perils of crossings. 5. a. To challenge or defy (a person). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > defy stout1303 defy1377 beard1476 brave1546 brag1551 outface1574 to hold (a person) waga1578 dare1580 outbrave1589 bedarea1596 maugre1597 championa1616 to bid defiance to1632 stem1675 bravadea1698 bravo1732 the mind > emotion > courage > moral courage > one who braves danger > defy danger (person or thing) [verb] face1570 dare1580 out-countenancec1585 to stand up to1596 outdare1598 to carry it off1663 to take the bull by the horns1711 brave1776 society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > challenge or challenging > challenge (a person) [verb (transitive)] provoke1474 to take to task1546 dare1580 assay1604 challenge1610 defy1674 banter1789 brag1843 to fuck with ——c1947 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 48 An Englishman..[cannot] suffer..to be dared by any. 1589 ‘M. Marprelate’ Hay any Worke for Cooper 37 What wisedome is this in you to dare your betters? a1653 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 138 A gyant tall, who darr'd him to his face. 1703 N. Rowe Ulysses i. i. 270 The Slave Who fondly dares us with his vain defiance. 1751 S. Richardson Clarissa (ed. 3) VIII. Concl. 264 Woman confiding in, and daring woman. 1813 J. Hogg Queen's Wake iii. 202 To range the savage haunts, and dare In his dark home the sullen bear. 1886 Harper's Mag. Dec. 105/2 Jabe Pennell begun to hunt him an' dare him. 1908 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables xxiii. 255 All the silly things..were done..because the doers thereof were ‘dared’ to do them. 1969 I. Opie & P. Opie Children's Games ix. 264 Sometimes you're dared to go and tie the wifies' doors together. b. With various const., e.g. to dare (a person) to do something, to the fight, etc., †to dare out. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > challenge or challenging > challenge (a person) [verb (transitive)] > to do something forbid1588 darea1592 a1592 R. Greene Hist. Orlando Furioso (1594) sig. Biii With haughtie menaces To dare me out within my Pallace gates. 1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 148 He would..meet the rebell in the heart of Lydia, and there dare him battell. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. xiii. 24 I dare him therefore To lay his gay Comparisons a-part. View more context for this quotation 1632 T. Randolph Jealous Lovers v. viii. 83 I dare him to th' encounter; let him meet me Here in the lists. 1672 R. Baxter Church told of Bagshaw's Scandals 11 As children dare one another into the dirt. 1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 157 I daur you try sic sportin. 1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest II. iii. 61 You wish to dare me to it—well, I won't be dared to any thing. 1873 W. Black Princess of Thule xxvii. 451 He knew she was daring him to contradict her. III. Idiomatically with say. 6. dare say. [ < sense 1] a. To be as bold as to say (because one is prepared to affirm it); to venture to assert or affirm. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > daring > venturousness > dare to do [verb] > dare to say dare saya1375 venture1638 adventure1802 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1452 I dar seie & soþliche do proue, sche schal weld at wille more gold þan ȝe siluer. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4509 Bot i dar sai, and god it wat, ‘Qua leli luues for-gettes lat’. c1460 Play Sacram. 316 Neyther mor or lesse Of dokettis good I dar well saye. a1554 J. Croke tr. Thirteen Psalms (1844) vi. 7 My sute is heard..I dare well saye. 1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 274 No towne, noe Citie, is there (I dare say) in this whole Shyre, comparable..with this our Fleete. 1610 Bp. J. Hall Common Apol. against Brownists xxvii. 70 Who deuised your Office of Ministery? I dare say, not Christ. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 120 This I dare say is the best and neatest Explication..and..I believe it the truest. b. transferred. To venture to say (because one thinks it likely); to assume as probable, presume. Almost exclusively in the parenthetic ‘I dare say’; rarely in oblique narration, ‘he dared say’. (In this use now sometimes written as one word, with stress on the first syllable.)Some dialects make the past daresaid, darsayed, dessayed. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > as I suppose [phrase] methinkseOE I weenc1175 afraid1530 I fancy1672 dare say1749 the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > taking for granted, presumption > assume, presuppose [verb (transitive)] supposec1350 presumec1390 take1429 presupposec1443 takec1449 presupponec1475 supponea1513 subsume1562 foreprise1577 to take for granted1615 to give for granted1637 assume1660 foretake1674 premisea1706 predicate1718 dare say1749 pre-assume1789 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. vii. xii. 94 You give your Friend a very good Character..and a very deserved one, I dare say . View more context for this quotation 1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 147 La Fleur..told me he had a letter in his pocket..which, he durst say, would suit the occasion. 1807 A. M. Porter Hungarian Brothers I. v. 128 ‘Other women have admired you as much..I dare say’..‘O! if it's only a “dare say”,’ cried Demetrius, shrugging up his shoulders. 1853 J. W. Carlyle Lett. II. 221 I daresay you have thought me very neglectful. 1885 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 14 872 I daresay the rule was drafted without reference to the practice at common law. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2022). darev.² Brit. /dɛː/, U.S. /dɛ(ə)r/ Forms: Also Middle English deare, Middle English dere. Etymology: Old English darian , apparently in sense 3; to þam scræfe þær þa wiðersacan inne dariað behydde (Ælfric Saints' Lives xxiii. 322). Perhaps identical with the stem of Middle Dutch and Low German bedaren to appease, abate, compose, calm, Flemish verdaren, verdarien to astonish, amaze; but the word has not been found in the earlier stages of the Germanic languages, and the primary signification and sense-development are uncertain. Obsolete or dialect. I. intransitive. †1. To gaze fixedly or stupidly; to stare as one terrified, amazed, or fascinated. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (intransitive)] > stare or gaze stareOE gawc1175 darea1225 porec1300 muse1340 glowc1374 gogglec1380 gazec1386 glore?a1400 glopc1400 govec1480 glower?a1513 gowk1513 daze1523 amuse1532 glew1587 to feed one's eyes1590 to seek, buy, or sow gape-seed1598 to shoot one's eyes1602 glazea1616 stargaze1639 gaum1691 to stare like a stuck pig1702 ygaze1737 gawk1785 to feed one's sight1813 gloze1853 glow1856 a1225 Leg. Kath. 2048 Þe keiser..dearede al adeadet, druicninde & dreori. a1250 Owl & Nightingale 384 Ich mai i-son so wel so on hare, Theȝ ich bi daie sitte an dare. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 4055 Þe king was kast in gret þouȝt; he dared as doted man for þe bestes dedes. 1444 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 218 The snayl goth lowe doun, Darythe in his shelle, yit may he se no sight. a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Diiii I haue an hoby can make larkys to dare. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 506/2 I dare, I prye or loke about me, je aduise alentour. What darest thou on this facyon? me thynketh thou woldest catche larkes. 1549 W. Thomas Hist. Italie f. 96 The emperour..constreigned Henry Dandolo..to stande so longe daryng in an hotte basen, that he lost his sight. †2. figurative. To be in dismay, tremble with fear, lose heart. dread. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > dismay > lose heart or be dismayed [verb (intransitive)] mayc1380 bash1382 dismayc1390 darea1400 dreepc1430 discourage1524 quail1548 blank1642 despond1655 the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > exhibit physical symptoms [verb (intransitive)] > shudder with fear quakeOE agriseOE quavec1225 grisea1250 shiverc1250 aquake1303 tremble1303 gruec1330 shuddera1350 darea1400 gryec1400 grillc1420 fremishc1425 shrugc1440 oggle?a1475 hugge1483 starkle?1544 trepidate1623 quiver1670 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 21870 For þe se sale rise and rute, Mani man sal dere and dute. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2258 For drede he wolde not dare. c1440 York Myst. xxviii. 2 My flesshe dyderis and daris for doute of my dede. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xxiv. sig. i.ii^v Dredefully darynge, comen now they be Theyr wynges traylynge, entred into the hall. †3. To lie motionless (generally with the sense of fear), to lie appalled; to crouch. Also figurative, esp. in droop and dare. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > [verb (intransitive)] darec1220 (not) to play paw?a1700 not to move a muscle1843 c1220 Bestiary 406 Ne stereð ȝe [ðe fox] noȝt of ðe stede..oc dareð so ȝe ded were. a1225 Juliana 42 Þenne darie we & ne durren neuer cumen biuoren him. c1386 G. Chaucer Shipman's Tale 103 Thise wedded men þat lye and dare As in a fourme sit a wery hare. c1420 Anturs of Arth. iv The dere in the dellun Thay droupun and daren. a1450 Le Morte Arth. 2575 Knyghtis of kynges blode, That longe wylle not droupe and dare. ?a1500 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) II. 148 (Date of MS. 1592) Builded thinges to grounde shall falle..And men in graves dare. †4. a. To be hid, lie hid, lurk. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, lie or hidden [verb (intransitive)] mitheeOE wryOE darea1225 skulka1300 hidec1330 hulkc1330 dilla1400 droopc1420 shroudc1450 darkenc1475 conceal1591 lie1604 dern1608 burrow1614 obscurea1626 to lie (also stand, stay, etc.) perdu1701 lie close1719 a1225 Leg. Kath. 1135 Ȝef drihtin, þe darede in ure mennesse, wrahte þeos wundres. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark vii. 24 And he [sc. Jhesus]..miȝte not dare, or be priuy [a1425 L.V. be hid]. 14.. Epiph. in Tundale's Vis. 107 The worm..Dareth full oft and kepeth hym covertly. c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) iv. xvii. 117 b Under floures lyke a serpent dare Til be may styng. c1440 W. Hylton Scala Perfeccionis (1494) i. lxiii There is moche pryde hydde in the grounde of thyne herte, as the foxe dareth in his denne. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 113 Daryn, or drowpyn or prively to be hydde, latito, lateo. †b. with indirect object (dative): To be hid from, escape, be unknown to. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, lie or hidden [verb (intransitive)] > be undetected dare1382 to play at peep-arm1631 to dance (also march, walk, etc.) in a net1680 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Pet. iii. 5 It daarith hem [a1425 L.V. it is hid fro hem] willinge this thing. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Pet. iii. 8 Oo thing daare ȝou not or be not unknowun. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xxvi. 26 I deme no thing of these for to dare him. II. transitive. †5. To daze, paralyse, or render helpless, with the sight of something; to dazzle and fascinate. to dare larks, to fascinate and daze them, in order to catch them. (Cf. sense 1, and daring n.²) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > confuse, bewilder [verb (transitive)] bewhapec1320 mara1350 blunder?a1400 mada1425 to turn a person's brainc1440 astonish1530 maskc1540 dare1547 bemud1599 bedazea1605 dizzy1604 bemist1609 muddify1647 lose1649 bafflea1657 bewildera1680 bother?1718 bemuse1734 muddlea1748 flurrya1757 muzz1786 muzzle1796 flusker1841 haze1858 bemuddle1862 jitter1932 giggle- the world > food and drink > hunting > fowling > hunt birds [verb (intransitive)] > fascinate larks to dare larks1547 the mind > attention and judgement > attention > attracting attention > engage the attention [verb (transitive)] > hold attention, absorb swallowc1330 deepc1380 dare1547 suspend1561 preoccupy1567 devour1568 to swallow up1581 enwrap1589 invest1601 steep1603 to take up1603 spell1646 possess1653 enchain1658 engross1661 absorb1749 fix1752 rivet1762 fascinate1782 spell-bind1808 arrest1814 mesmerize1862 to turn on1903 get1913 consume1999 1547 J. Hooper Answer Detection Deuyls Sophistrye 203 Virtuous councillors, whose eyes cannot be dared with these manifest and open abominations. 1551 T. Cranmer Answer S. Gardiner 121 Like vnto men that dare larkes, which holde vp an hoby, that the larkes eies beyng euer vpon the hoby, shuld not see the nette that is layd on theyr heades. 1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) x. lix. 256 The Spirit, that for God himselfe was made, Was dared by the Flesh. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. ii. 283 Let his Grace go forward, And dare vs with his Cap, like Larkes. View more context for this quotation a1625 J. Fletcher Pilgrim i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Fffff4/2 Some castrell That hovers over her, and dares her dayly. 1680 W. Temple Surv. Constit. of Empire in Wks. (1731) I. 90 They think France will be dared, and never take Wing, while they see such a Naval Power as ours and the Dutch hovering about all their Coasts. 1860 G. A. Sala in Cornhill Mag. Aug. 239 (note) A ‘dare for larks’ or circular board with pieces of looking-glass inserted, used, on sunshiny days, for the purpose of ‘daring’ or ‘dazing’ larks from their high soaring flight to within a distance convenient for shooting or netting them. †6. To daunt, terrify, paralyse with fear. Now dialect. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being intimidating > intimidate or bully [verb (transitive)] awec1225 bashc1375 palla1393 argh1393 formengea1400 matea1400 boasta1522 quail1526 brag1551 appale1563 browbeat1581 adaw1590 overdare1590 dastard1593 strike1598 disdare1612 cowa1616 dare1619 daw1631 bounce1640 dastardize1645 intimidate1646 hector1664 out-hector1672 huff1674 bully1685 harass1788 bullyraga1790 major1829 haze1851 bullock1875 to push (someone) around1900 to put the frighteners in, on1958 psych1963 vibe1979 1619 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Maides Trag. iv. sig. H2 For I haue done those follies those mad mischiefes Would dare a woman. 1627 M. Drayton Miseries Queene Margarite in Battaile Agincourt 97 Clifford whom no danger yet could dare. 1771 Exmoor Scolding (ed. 7) (Gloss.) Dere, to hurry, frighten, or astonish a Child. 1771 Exmoor Scolding (ed. 7) at Thir Dere, a Word commonly used by Nurses in Devonshire, signifying to frighten or hurry a Child out of his Senses. 1864 E. Capern Devon Provincialism To dare, to frighten. He dare'd me, he surprized me, I was dare'd, I was surprized. Derivatives dared adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of terror or horror > [adjective] affrightOE ofgrisea1200 adreadc1225 ofgasta1300 aghastc1300 dreadc1300 dreadfula1325 dreadya1325 forfrighteda1325 frightfula1325 gasta1382 dareda1400 aghasteda1425 mazed1493 awfula1522 agazed1557 flaited1565 terrifiedc1586 gastereda1644 scarified1895 the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > dullness of sense perception > [adjective] > physically stupefied amazedOE astoundc1315 stonieda1340 dareda1400 dazedc1400 stupefact?a1425 adasedc1450 dolda1500 dazinga1533 dazzling1571 stupid1571 fordulled1591 entranced1594 torpid1656 damp1667 stuporous1712 rammista1838 stuporose1879 dazy1880 sent1940 like a stunned mullet1953 the world > food and drink > hunting > fowling > [adjective] > fascinated larks dared1563 a1400–50 Alexander 3044 Selcuth kniȝtis, Sum darid [Dubl. MS, dasyd], sum dede, sum depe wondid. 1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Idolatry iii, in J. Griffiths Two Bks. Homilies (1859) ii. 252 They become as wise as the blocks themselves which they stare on, and so fall down as dared larks in that gaze. 1679 J. Dryden & N. Lee Oedipus i. 10 Then crow'd, like a dar'd Lark. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1594n.²1860n.³?a1500n.⁴1528v.¹c1000v.²c1220
随便看	make or take but one step make or take but one step from — to make or undertake a journey make orts of make out make out a case make out like a bandit make out of the way make out one's case make out one's market make over make pain make palaver make parade of make parch of make pausation make pay a vow make peace make peasing make penance make penny of make perfect sense make petition make phrase make place

daren.1

daren.2

† daren.3

† daredarren.4

darev.1

darev.2

Derivatives

daren.¹

daren.²

† daren.³

† daredarren.⁴

darev.¹

darev.²