Danegeldn.

/ˈdeɪnɡɛld/

/ˈdeɪnɡɛlt/

Forms: Also Middle English Dangilde, Middle English–1500s Danegilt, Dane gilt, Middle English–1600s Dane ghelte, Daneghelt, 1500s Dane gelt, 1600s Danageld, 1600s–1800s Danegelt.

Etymology: Corresponds to Old Norse *Dana-giald , in Old Danish Danegjeld , modern Danish Danegæld , < Dana- , Dane- + gjald , gjeld , payment, tribute, corresponding to Old English gield , gild , geld , whence Middle English ȝeld , ȝild , yeld adj. and n. Compare medieval Latin Danigeldum.

English History.

An annual tax imposed at the end of the 10th cent. or in the 11th cent., originally (as is supposed) to provide funds for the protection of England from the Danes, and continued after the Norman Conquest as a land-tax. Also transferred and figurative.The name is not known to occur in Old English, and the actual contemporary notices, beginning with Domesday, are mainly of fiscal character. Bromton (14th cent.) calls it ‘tallagium datum Danis’, apparently identifying it with the gafol or tribute paid to the Danes in 991, and on two subsequent occasions, to buy them off. In the so-called ‘Laws of Eadweard’ (Schmid 496) it is described as an annual tax to hire mercenaries to resist and put down pirates. This might identify it with the heregyld ‘army-tax’ levied by the Danish kings to maintain their army and navy (see Anglo-Saxon Chron. 1039–40), and said to have been afterwards remitted by Edward the Confessor. Mr. Freeman suggests ( Norm. Conq. II. Appendix Q) ‘that Denageld was a popular name of dislike, originally applied to the payments made to buy off the Danes, and thence transferred to these other payments made to Danish and other mercenary troops, from the time of Thurkill onwards’. The Danegeld was levied as a land-tax by the Norman kings; it disappears under that name after 1163, but in fact continued under the name of tallage.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tribute > [noun] > specific

heregeld1018

Danegeld1086

Dane-money1570

Roman month1670

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > types of tax > [noun] > land tax

land-gavelc1000

Danegeld1086

tallagec1290

tallagie1444

tollage1531

Dane-money1570

extent1597

geld1610

cess1662

land-tax1689

supply1689

single tax1879

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [noun] > protection money

black rent1423

blackmail1530

protection money1703

protection rent1860

Danegeld1911

juice1935

ice1951

991 Anglo-Saxon Chron. On þam geare man gerædde þæt man geald ærest gafol Deniscan mannum, for þam mycclan brogan þe hi worhtan be þam sæ riman.]

1086 Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 336^v/2 [Phillimore: Lincs. (Stamford) S. 1] Stanford..dedit geldum T.R.E. pro xii hundrez & dimidio. In exercitu, & nauigio, & in Danegeld.

1100–35 Charter to London in Stubbs Sel. Ch. iii. 103 Et [cives] sint quieti de schot et de loth, de Danegildo et de murdro.

c1250 Gloss. Law Terms in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 33 Danegeld, Tailage de Danais.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 57 Edward him granted..þat neuer þe Dangilde..Suld be chalanged for man of Danes lond.

1483 W. Caxton in tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 324/2 An ayde was thenne cleped the dane ghelte.

1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 239/2 in Chron. I This money was called Danegylt or Dane money, and was leuyed of the people. Although others take that to bee Danegylte, whiche was gyuen vnto suche Danes as King Egelred afterwardes reteyned in his seruice to defende the lande from other Danes and enimyes.

1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 34 Not he who takes up armes for cote and conduct, and his four nobles of Danegelt.

1756 P. C. Webb Short Acct. Danegeld 2 It was called Danegeld as being originally agreed to be paid to the Danes, and, like many other things, continued to retain the name long after it became appropriated to uses entirely different.

1873 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. 105 It may be questioned whether any money taxation properly so called ever existed before the imposition of Danegeld by Ethelred the Unready.

1873 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. 279 The Conqueror..imposed the Danegeld anew.

1873 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. 462 The Danegeld from this very year 1163 ceases to appear as a distinct item of account in the Pipe Rolls.

1911 C. R. L. Fletcher & R. Kipling School Hist. Eng. ii. 39 It is always a temptation to an armed and agile nation, To call upon a neighbour and to say:—‘We invaded you last night—we are quite prepared to fight, Unless you pay us cash to go away’. And that is called asking for Dane-geld.

1920 19th Cent. July 28 A policy dictated by fear should be interpreted in terms of danegeld payable by Great Britain to the Moscow Camarilla.

1955 Times 18 May 11/5 Amounted to little more than blackmail and the payment of danegelt, which has never yet satisfactorily settled any dispute.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	danegeld
释义	Danegeldn. /ˈdeɪnɡɛld//ˈdeɪnɡɛlt/ Forms: Also Middle English Dangilde, Middle English–1500s Danegilt, Dane gilt, Middle English–1600s Dane ghelte, Daneghelt, 1500s Dane gelt, 1600s Danageld, 1600s–1800s Danegelt. Etymology: Corresponds to Old Norse Dana-giald , in Old Danish Danegjeld* , modern Danish Danegæld , < Dana- , Dane- + gjald , gjeld , payment, tribute, corresponding to Old English gield , gild , geld , whence Middle English ȝeld , ȝild , yeld adj. and n. Compare medieval Latin Danigeldum. English History. An annual tax imposed at the end of the 10th cent. or in the 11th cent., originally (as is supposed) to provide funds for the protection of England from the Danes, and continued after the Norman Conquest as a land-tax. Also transferred and figurative.The name is not known to occur in Old English, and the actual contemporary notices, beginning with Domesday, are mainly of fiscal character. Bromton (14th cent.) calls it ‘tallagium datum Danis’, apparently identifying it with the gafol or tribute paid to the Danes in 991, and on two subsequent occasions, to buy them off. In the so-called ‘Laws of Eadweard’ (Schmid 496) it is described as an annual tax to hire mercenaries to resist and put down pirates. This might identify it with the heregyld ‘army-tax’ levied by the Danish kings to maintain their army and navy (see Anglo-Saxon Chron. 1039–40), and said to have been afterwards remitted by Edward the Confessor. Mr. Freeman suggests ( Norm. Conq. II. Appendix Q) ‘that Denageld was a popular name of dislike, originally applied to the payments made to buy off the Danes, and thence transferred to these other payments made to Danish and other mercenary troops, from the time of Thurkill onwards’. The Danegeld was levied as a land-tax by the Norman kings; it disappears under that name after 1163, but in fact continued under the name of tallage. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tribute > [noun] > specific heregeld1018 Danegeld1086 Dane-money1570 Roman month1670 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > types of tax > [noun] > land tax land-gavelc1000 Danegeld1086 tallagec1290 tallagie1444 tollage1531 Dane-money1570 extent1597 geld1610 cess1662 land-tax1689 supply1689 single tax1879 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [noun] > protection money black rent1423 blackmail1530 protection money1703 protection rent1860 Danegeld1911 juice1935 ice1951 991 Anglo-Saxon Chron. On þam geare man gerædde þæt man geald ærest gafol Deniscan mannum, for þam mycclan brogan þe hi worhtan be þam sæ riman.] 1086 Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 336^v/2 [Phillimore: Lincs. (Stamford) S. 1] Stanford..dedit geldum T.R.E. pro xii hundrez & dimidio. In exercitu, & nauigio, & in Danegeld. 1100–35 Charter to London in Stubbs Sel. Ch. iii. 103 Et [cives] sint quieti de schot et de loth, de Danegildo et de murdro. c1250 Gloss. Law Terms in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 33 Danegeld, Tailage de Danais. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 57 Edward him granted..þat neuer þe Dangilde..Suld be chalanged for man of Danes lond. 1483 W. Caxton in tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 324/2 An ayde was thenne cleped the dane ghelte. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 239/2 in Chron. I This money was called Danegylt or Dane money, and was leuyed of the people. Although others take that to bee Danegylte, whiche was gyuen vnto suche Danes as King Egelred afterwardes reteyned in his seruice to defende the lande from other Danes and enimyes. 1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 34 Not he who takes up armes for cote and conduct, and his four nobles of Danegelt. 1756 P. C. Webb Short Acct. Danegeld 2 It was called Danegeld as being originally agreed to be paid to the Danes, and, like many other things, continued to retain the name long after it became appropriated to uses entirely different. 1873 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. 105 It may be questioned whether any money taxation properly so called ever existed before the imposition of Danegeld by Ethelred the Unready. 1873 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. 279 The Conqueror..imposed the Danegeld anew. 1873 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. 462 The Danegeld from this very year 1163 ceases to appear as a distinct item of account in the Pipe Rolls. 1911 C. R. L. Fletcher & R. Kipling School Hist. Eng. ii. 39 It is always a temptation to an armed and agile nation, To call upon a neighbour and to say:—‘We invaded you last night—we are quite prepared to fight, Unless you pay us cash to go away’. And that is called asking for Dane-geld. 1920 19th Cent. July 28 A policy dictated by fear should be interpreted in terms of danegeld payable by Great Britain to the Moscow Camarilla. 1955 Times 18 May 11/5 Amounted to little more than blackmail and the payment of danegelt, which has never yet satisfactorily settled any dispute. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1086
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