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单词 cumberland
释义

Cumberlandn.

/ˈkʌmbəland/
Etymology: < Cumberland, the name of the English county (now part of Cumbria).
1. Used attributively to designate a piquant sauce served esp. with cold meat.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > sauce or dressing > [noun] > sauces for meat
sauce Robert1653
Robert sauce1694
mint sauce1747
wow-wow sauce1822
salsa1846
Madeira sauce1872
Cumberland1878
mole1882
chaudfroid1892
smetana (or smitane) sauce1909
mint jelly1922
pasanda1961
chimichurri1967
1878 ‘Short’ Dinners at Home 146 Cumberland Sauce for Game (Cold)... Cumberland Sauce (Hot).
1922 F. Hamilton P. J.: Secret Service Boy i. 22 We shall be able to offer you a tolerably good supper, and I will not forget your favourite Cumberland sauce.
1959 House & Garden Dec.–Jan. 36/2 Cold spiced beef, ham, chicken or turkey, accompanied by..Cumberland sauce.
2. Used to designate the manner of cutting up a pig's carcass in which the ham is cut away and cured separately. ? Obsolete.
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the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of meat > [adjective] > methods of dressing meat
triped1597
hasheda1643
oliveda1643
estamped1648
boned1660
fricasseed1672
collared1689
rolled1747
filleted1871
venisonized1881
Frenched1900
piqué1904
Cumberland1905
bone-in1914
ground1929
1905 W. H. Simmonds Pract. Grocer III. 103 It pays to sell the ham separately and convert the rest of the side into ‘Cumberland cut’ bacon or ‘Irish rolls’.
1907 Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 20/2 Hams... Cumberland.

Draft additions 1993

Cumberland sausage n. a kind of coarse-cut pork sausage traditionally made in Cumberland and often sold in a continuous piece from which sections may be cut.
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the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > sausage > [noun] > types of sausage
franchemyle1381
herbelade?c1390
haggisc1400
black puddinga1450
blood puddingc1450
bloodinga1500
liveringa1500
haggis pudding1545
white pudding1578
swine's pudding1579
hog's pudding1583
Bolognian sausage1596
bloodling1598
andouille1605
andouillet1611
cervelat1613
mortadella1613
polony1654
blacking1674
hacking1674
whiting1674
Oxford sausagec1700
saucisson1772
German sausage1773
saveloy1784
blood sausage1799
white hawse1819
liver sausage1820
black pot1825
chipolata1830
Bologna sausage1833
butifarra1836
mettwurst1836
Cambridge sausage1840
boudin1845
chorizo1846
German1847
liverwurst1852
salami1852
station-Jack1853
leberwurst1855
wurst1855
blutwurst1856
bag of mystery1864
Vienna sausage1865
summer sausage1874
wienerwurst1875
mealy pudding1880
whitepot1880
wiener1880
erbswurst1885
pepperoni1888
mystery bag1889
red-hot1890
weenie1891
hot dog1892
frankfurter1894
sav?1894
Coney Island1895
coney1902
garlic sausage1905
boloney1907
kishke1907
drisheen1910
bratwurst1911
banger1919
cocktail sausage1927
boerewors1930
soy sausage1933
thuringer1933
frank1936
fish sausage1937
knackwurst1939
foot-long1941
starver1941
soya sausage1943
soysage1943
soya link1944
brat1949
Vienna1952
kielbasa1953
Coney dog1954
tube steak1963
Weisswurst1963
Cumberland sausage1966
merguez1966
tripe sausage1966
schinkenwurst1967
boerie1981
'nduja1996
1949 F. Gerrard Bk. of Meat Trade I. xvi. 290 The coarse cut sausage of Cumberland..compared with the finer cut sausage of London and the South of England generally.]
1966 Meat Trades Jrnl. 7 Apr. 3/1 ‘Mr S., Pork Butcher and Cumberland Sausage Maker, near the Co-Op, New Brighton, Wallasey, Cheshire’..was the address on a letter delivered to Elston's..last week.
1976 Cumberland & Westmorland Herald 4 Dec. 14/6 (advt.) Cumberland sausage (loose) only 32p per lb.
1980 D. St. J. Thomas Breakfast Bk. v. 40 Georgette had one of the tastiest cheese omelettes of all time, along with a slice of my substantial Cumberland sausage.

Draft additions 1993

Designating or characteristic of a catch-hold style of wrestling developed in the north of England. Also Cumberland and Westmorland (style, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > wrestling > [noun] > types of wrestling
catch as catch cana1393
in-play1713
Cumberland and Westmorland (style, etc.)1823
Cornish wrestling1824
arm-wrestling1846
professional wrestling1884
sumo1893
all in1934
mud-wrestling1936
lucha libre1943
wrist-wrestling1973
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > wrestling > [adjective] > types of wrestling
Cumberland1823
catch-hold1872
Graeco-Roman1888
all in1930
tag1955
1823 W. Litt Wrestliana 32 We trust a due consideration will materially reduce the strength of the objections so warmly urged against our Cumberland mode of wrestling.
1823 W. Litt Wrestliana 34 If the trial be made, many of the Cumberland and Westmorland Wrestlers will find them sufficient work in their own way.
1889 W. Armstrong Wrestling in W. H. Pollock et al. Fencing (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 204 The variation of falls, and of manœuvres leading up to them are even more endless than in the Cumberland and Westmoreland style.
1889 W. Armstrong Wrestling in W. H. Pollock et al. Fencing (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 205 The hands are not obliged to remain locked, as in the Cumberland style.
1934 E. J. Harrison Wrestling ii. 16 Alike, therefore, in the Cumberland and Westmorland, Græco-Roman, Catch-as-Catch-Can, All-in, or even the Japanese sumo styles of the art, lightweights do not usually contend against heavyweights.
1968 G. Kent Pict. Hist. Wrestling v. 121 (caption) Dinnie's ‘Scottish’ style of wrestling was out of favour by the time he died in 1916, and Cumberland gained ground again. Here a Cumberland swing is performed in front of the Royal Enclosure..Braemar..(1955).
1983 P. Bills Wrestling 14 In Cumberland and Westmorland, a wrestler is considered the loser if any part of his body except his feet touches the canvas.

Draft additions 1997

Used attributively and absol. to designate a lop-eared pork and bacon pig of a breed now extinct.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [adjective] > of specific breed
Yorkshire1770
Cumberland1811
Neapolitan1847
Wessex1919
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun] > specific breeds
purr?1577
Hampshirea1661
Shropshire1768
tun-back1776
Berkshire1810
Suffolk1831
China hog1838
Essex pig1838
Narragansett1852
Cumberland1860
Neapolitan1860
Tamworth1860
hazel splitter1866
Poland China1869
Duroc1872
Large Black1906
Lincolnshire Curly-Coat1917
saddleback1919
landrace1935
micropig1985
1811 R. Henderson Breeding Swine i. i. 14 The Berkshire pig..generally of a brown, or rather reddish colour..; the ears bending forward, but not hanging down so much as those of the large Cumberland kind.
1860 S. Sidney Youatt's Pig (ed. 2) i. ii. 17 At the Carlisle show of the Royal Agricultural Society, the Cumberland pigs shown in the large classes were roach-backed brutes.
1860 S. Sidney Youatt's Pig (ed. 2) i. ii. 21 The small Cumberland is a great deal larger than the small Yorkshire.
1861 I. M. Beeton Bk. Househ. Managem. 365 Varieties of the Domesticated Hog... Native—Berkshire, Essex, York, and Cumberland.
1949 J. E. Nichols in F. Gerrard Bk. Meat Trade I. ii. 31 The Cumberland breed is..all white in colour, and compared with the Large White is shorter, wider and more thickly fleshed.
1985 Times 5 Dec. 14/5 At least 20 breeds of farm animal have become extinct this century. They include..the Cumberland pig,..as recently as 1963.
1989 S. G. Hall & J. Clutton-Brock 200 Years Brit. Farm Livestock xvii. 221 It is at least possible that the genetic make-up of this breed includes contributions from the Lincolnshire Curly Coat, the Cumberland, and the forerunners of the Large White.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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