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单词 crystallite
释义

crystalliten.

Brit. /ˈkrɪstəlʌɪt/, /ˈkrɪstl̩ʌɪt/, U.S. /ˈkrɪstəˌlaɪt/
Forms: 1800s christalite, 1800s– crystalite, 1800s– crystallite, 1900s– christallite (irregular), 1900s– cristallite (nonstandard).
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: crystal n., -ite suffix1.
Etymology: < crystal n. + -ite suffix1. In sense 1b after French cristallite (H. Vogelsang 1870, in Arch. néerlandaises des sci. exactes et nat. 5 160). In sense 1c after French crystallite (attributed to M. Lévy by F. Osmond 1895, in Bull. de la Soc. d'Encouragement pour l'Industrie Nationale 10 492).
1.
a. Geology. A largely crystalline material obtained by slowly cooling a molten sample of basalt or other igneous rock; (also) an individual piece of such material. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > igneous rock > [noun] > structure of
crystallite1798
flow-structure1890
1798 Jrnl. Nat. Philos. Sept. 287 The artificially crystallized substances have been denoted, at Dr. Hope's suggestion, by the name of crystallite.
1804 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 2) II. 284 The whin of Salisbury Crag fuses at 55°; its glass at 24°; its crystallite at 38°.
1814 H. M. Williams tr. A. von Humboldt Personal Narr. Trav. I. 219 Instead of being disseminated in the obsidian, like crystallites, they are found simply adhering to one of the external surfaces of this substance.
1897 A. Geikie Founders Geol. iv. 187 This substance had a distinctly crystalline structure, and Hall gave it the name of crystallite.
1990 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 134 205 To Kirwan, the different fusion temperatures of the crystalites (his spelling) showed they were in a different state than their original one.
b. Chiefly Geology. A grain of solid material, esp. in a glassy lava, having some characters of a crystal but not showing a regular polyhedral form (cf. microlite n. 2, globulite n.). Also more widely: an incipient crystal.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > [noun] > crystallized body or formation > crystallite
crystallite1871
1871 Amer. Chemist June 472/2 A review of Prof. Vogelsang's article on crystallites published in the Archives Neerlandaises.
1881 J. W. Judd Volcanoes iii. 53 Those minute particles of definite form, which the microscope has revealed in the midst of the glassy portions of lava, have received the name of microliths, or crystallites.
1910 Encycl. Brit. VII. 568/2 Crystallites may also be produced by allowing a solution of sulphur in carbon disulphide mixed with Canada balsam to evaporate slowly.
1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) VII. 10/2 Crystallites..abound in glassy rocks in which rapid consolidation has arrested further growth.
2006 M. O'Donoghue Gems (ed. 6) xxi. 357 The texture [of obsidian] is seen to consist of a clear glassy ground containing many small crystallites.
c. Materials Science. An individual crystal or grain in a metal or other polycrystalline substance; (also) a part of a quasicrystal in which the orientation is uniform and the structure homogeneous.Originally an application of the word in the previous sense, and not always easily distinguishable.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > [noun] > single crystal
crystallite1895
monocrystal1934
1895 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 17 794 From the grouping of three systems of fibers respectively parallel to the three sides of a triangle he [sc. Osmond] regards them as crystallites of the cubical system.
1914 Jrnl. Inst. Metals 11 64 The ‘crystal grains’ of ordinary cast metals arise in this way, their boundaries being produced by the mutual interference of neighbouring crystallites.
1962 J. H. Simpson & R. S. Richards Physical Princ. Junction Transistors iii. 39 To minimize the formation of improperly oriented crystallites on the surface of the main crystal..the seed is slowly rotated as it is withdrawn.
2006 K. D. Rose Beginning Age Mammals ii. 29/1 In most mammals, however, the crystallites combine into bundles called prisms, each of which is surrounded by a prism sheath, also composed of crystallites.
d. Biochemistry and Materials Science. A minute part of cellulose or other polymer having the highly ordered structure characteristic of a crystal. Cf. micelle n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > [noun] > crystallized body or formation > crystallite > minute part of polymers
crystallite1924
1924 Jrnl. Soc. Dyers & Colourists 40 122/1 The crystallites lie as originally with their axes in the direction of the fibre.
1946 E. I. Valko in J. Alexander Colloid Chem. VI. xxix. 595 A single macromolecule can..traverse disorganized regions, so that it belongs to different crystalline regions. As a consequence, the size of the organized regions, i.e., the ‘crystallites’, is not determined by the length of the macromolecule.
1965 P. Bell & D. Coombe tr. Strasburger's Textbk. Bot. (new ed.) i. i. 53 (caption) The micellar structure of cell walls... Linear macromolecules are grouped to form micellae or crystallites.
2006 A. Peacock & A. Calhoun Polymer Chem. vii. 124 Re-organization of amorphous chains in the interstitial regions between pre-existing crystallites leads to the formation of secondary crystallites.
2. poetic. A material resembling rock crystal or crystal glass in transparency or brightness. rare.
ΚΠ
1838 S. Bellamy Betrayal 150 The Lord hath founded Zion: write Upon her walls of crystallite Salvation!
1908 W. E. Hunter Nightingale 45 The perfect moon..hovers bright, Pure and naked in the height Of heaven's dome of crystallite.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1798
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