† crowdn.¹

Brit.

/kraʊd/, U.S.

/kraʊd/, Welsh English

/kraud/

Forms: α. Middle English crouþe, Middle English crouth(e, 1600s–1800s crowth; β. Middle English–1500s croude, Middle English–1600s crowde, (Middle English kroude, 1500s croudde), 1500s–1700s croud, 1500s–1800s crowd.

Etymology: < Welsh crwth (masculine) violin, fiddle; also, a swelling or bulging body, a paunch, a kind of round bulging box, akin to croth feminine swelling, protuberance, belly, womb. These words correspond as the masculine and feminine of adjectives: compare crwm, crom crooked, etc. The feminine form alone is found in the other Celtic languages, but in both senses: compare Gaelic cruit (feminine) harp, violin, croit (feminine) hump, hunch, Irish cruit (feminine) violin, and hump, hunch; Old Irish crot (genitive croite, cruite, objective croit) harp, cithara, in late Latin crotta a British musical instrument mentioned by Venantius Fortunatus c600.

Now historical or dialect.

a. An ancient Celtic musical instrument of the viol class, now obsolete, having in early times three strings, but in its later form six, four of which were played with a bow and two by twitching with the fingers; an early form of the fiddle.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > bowable instrument > [noun] > fiddle > early fiddles

crowda1310

ribiblec1330

rotec1330

ribibec1415

rebec1755

crwth1837

rotta1864

a1310 Lyric P. xvi. 53 Ther nis fiele ne crouth that such murthes maketh.

c1330 King of Tars. (MS.A.) 503 No minstral wiþ harp no crouþe.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xv. 25 Whanne he..neiȝede to the hous, he herde a symphonye and a crowde.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 355 And Wales vsethe trumpettes, an harpe, and a crowde.

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure xvi. xi Harpes, lutes, and crouddes ryght delycyous.

a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 98 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) All the instrumentall musicke upon the Harpe and Crowth.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. xi. 286 Saxon minstrels, and Welsh bards..extracting mistuned dirges from their harps, crowds, and rotes.

1880 P. David in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 422 Crwth..or Crowd, as far as we know the oldest stringed instrument played with the bow..Bingley heard it played at Carnarvon as late as 1801; but it is now entirely out of use.

b. Hence, a fiddle. dialect in later use.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > bowable instrument > [noun] > fiddle

fiddlec1275

trunk-wame16..

crowda1627

bosh1876

a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Old Law (1656) v. 69 Clo. Fidlers crowd on, crowd on... Duk. Stay the crowd a while.

1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. ii. 68 That keep their Consciences in Cases As Fidlers do their Crowds and Bases.

c1680 in Roxburghe Ballads VII. 18 When a Fidler wants his Crowd.

1746 Exmoor Courtship 23 Ees coud a borst tha Crowd in Shivers, and tha Crowder too.

1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words I. as northern.

1869 J. C. Atkinson Peacock's Gloss. Dial. Hundred of Lonsdale

1875 in Lancash. Gloss.

1880 in W. Cornwall Gl. and E. Cornwall Gl.

c. transferred. Applied to the player.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > string player > [noun] > player of early fiddle

rotour1395

ribibourc1400

crowderc1450

rebec1540

crowd1607

1607 Fayre Mayde of Exchange in T. Heywood Wks. (1874) II. 21 Well, Crowde, what say you to Fiddle now?

1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth II. 232 An old Crowd..stood twanging.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† crowdn.²

Forms: Also Middle English crudde, 1500s croude, crowde.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman crudde, apparently corresponding to Old French crute , crote , later croute = Provençal crota , Italian grotta < late Latin crupta , grupta , for Latin crypta : see crypt n. Of the d in the Anglo-Norman and English word no explanation has been found.

Obsolete.

An underground vault, a crypt. (Also commonly in plural.)

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > crypt > [noun]

undercroft1395

crowd1399

vaultc1400

shrouds1550

crypta1563

crypt1583

grot1658

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > burial-chamber > [noun] > crypt

croftOE

crowd1399

crypta1563

crypt1583

1399 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 129 Pro ostio in le Cruddes, 6d.

1472 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 225 Lez Cruddes voc. Seint Wilfride nedyll.

1500 Will of John Barre (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/13) f. 62^v To be buried in the Crowde of Saint John Baptist in Bristow.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 700 Within the Church, Saint Wilfrides Needle..A narrow hole this was, in the Crowdes or close vaulted roome under the ground.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 703 In a certaine vault or crowdes or a little chappell under the ground.

1658 W. Dugdale Hist. St. Pauls Cathedral 117 Heretofore called Ecclesia S. Fidis, in Cryptis (or [St. Faith] in the Croudes, according to the vulgar expression).

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

crowdn.³

Brit.

/kraʊd/, U.S.

/kraʊd/

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s croude, 1600s crowde, 1600s–1700s croud.

Etymology: < crowd v.¹

a. A large number of persons gathered so closely together as to press upon or impede each other; a throng, a dense multitude. (The earlier term from 13th cent. was press.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered > large or numerous > densely packed together

threatc950

press?c1225

thring?c1225

threngc1275

throngc1330

shockc1430

crowd1567

frequency1570

gregation1621

frequence1671

push1718

munga1728

mampus?c1730

squeezer1756

squeeze1779

crush1806

cram1810

parrock1811

mass1814

scrouge1839

squash1884

1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Dij Who will, and dare retche forthe his hande, And man the throughe the croude.

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iv. i. 58 Among the crowd [printed crow'd] i' th' Abbey, where a finger Could not be wedg'd in more.

1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 121 Hee perceived through a window..no small crowde of people.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. ii. 15 I was surrounded by a Crowd of People.

1847 L. Hunt Jar of Honey iv Powers, what a crowd ! how shall we get along?

1881 Bible (R.V.) Mark ii. 4 They could not come nigh unto him for the crowd [1611 press].

b. spec. A mass of spectators; an audience. (Cf. quot. 1623 at sense 1a.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > beholder or spectator > at a show or spectacle > audience

spectatory1831

spectatorship1833

spectatordom1854

crowdc1863

captive audience1902

capacity1908

mass audience1927

c1863 E. Dickinson Poems (1955) II. 539 Their [sc. balloons'] Ribbons just beyond the eye—They struggle—some—for Breath—And yet the Crowd applaud, below.

1921 Times 1 Mar. 16/7 The crowd jeered at Hobbs owing to his slow movements in the field due to his recent injury.

1955 Manch. Guardian 30 Apr. 3/6 In recent years the crowd at Wembley Stadium has not seen the game of Rugby League played at its best.

1970 New Statesman 9 Oct. 454/3 The crowd was very similar both in behaviour and appearance to the audience that came to the Beaulieu jazz festivals.

1971 Sunday Times 31 Jan. 12/1 Tennis players lecture the line judge, appeal to the crowd.

c. A collection of actors playing the part of a crowd; frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > actor > [noun] > actor playing specific type of part > actors playing a crowd

crowd1899

1899 L. Wagner How to get on Stage 71 Sir Henry Irving when his two sons elected to go on the stage..said..‘I could only allow them to stand in the crowd at the Lyceum, to accustom them to the boards, and afterwards procure them an engagement in a touring company.’

1909 J. R. Ware Passing Eng. Victorian Era 100/1 What do I do? Oh, I go on with the crowd.

1935 J. Dell Nobody ordered Wolves v. 69 Her sole ambition had been to do crowd-work.

1936 Archit. Rev. 80 192 If you are ‘crowd’, you go to one of the big communal dressing rooms.

1937 Archit. Rev. 82 286 The interior is designed as a background to this ‘crowd-scene’.

2. transferred.

a. A large number (of persons) contemplated in the mass.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [noun] > a large number or multitude > of individuals, people

un-i-fohOE

felec1175

power1489

camp-royal1593

numbers1597

crowd1654

stock1668

somedeal1851

1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 17 The whole crowd of those we converse with, what are they?

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 264. ⁋1 Wherein you have Crouds of Rivals.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 331 The principal pulpits..were occupied..by a crowd of distinguished men.

b. The people who throng the streets and populous centres; the masses; the multitude.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > [noun]

folkc888

peoplea1325

frapec1330

commona1350

common peoplea1382

commonsa1382

commontya1387

communityc1400

meiniec1400

commonaltya1425

commonsa1500

vulgarsa1513

many1526

meinie1532

multitude1535

the many-headed beast (also monster)1537

number1542

ignobility1546

commonitya1550

popular1554

populace1572

popularya1578

vulgarity?1577

populacya1583

rout1589

the vulgar1590

plebs1591

mobile vulgusc1599

popularity1599

ignoble1603

the million1604

plebe1612

plebeity1614

the common filea1616

the herda1616

civils1644

commonality1649

democracy1656

menu1658

mobile1676

crowd1683

vulgusa1687

mob1691

Pimlico parliament?1774

citizenry1795

polloi1803

demos1831

many-headed1836

hoi polloi1837

the masses1837

citizenhood1843

John Q.1922

wimble-wamble1937

1683 T. Tryon Way to Health 630 We ought..not [to] esteem a thing good..because the Multitude do it..for there is scarce a worse guide than the Croude.

1751 T. Gray Elegy xix. 9 Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife.

1878 J. Morley Diderot I. 225 This passage sounds unpleasantly like an appeal to the crowd in a matter of science.

c. Originally U.S. A company; ‘set’, ‘lot’. colloquial.Like ‘lot’, used of an individual, e.g. ‘he's a bad crowd’.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a company or body of persons > [noun]

ferec975

flockOE

gingc1175

rout?c1225

companyc1300

fellowshipc1300

covinc1330

eschelec1330

tripc1330

fellowred1340

choira1382

head1381

glub1382

partya1387

peoplec1390

conventc1426

an abominable of monksa1450

body1453

carol1483

band1490

compernagea1500

consorce1512

congregationa1530

corporationa1535

corpse1534

chore1572

society1572

crew1578

string1579

consort1584

troop1584

tribe1609

squadron1617

bunch1622

core1622

lag1624

studa1625

brigadea1649

platoon1711

cohort1719

lot1725

corps1754

loo1764

squad1786

brotherhood1820

companionhood1825

troupe1825

crowd1840

companionship1842

group1845

that ilk1845

set-out1854

layout1869

confraternity1872

show1901

crush1904

we1927

familia1933

shower1936

1840 Congress. Globe Apr. App. 376/2 I became satisfied that Democracy had but few charms for that crowd.

1847 C. Lanman Summer in Wilderness v. 37 All who could, made their escape and the leader of this crowd was Black Hawk himself.

1857 J. D. Borthwick Three Years in Calif. 195 He was one of the most favorable specimens of that crowd.

1883 A. E. Sweet & J. A. Knox On Mexican Mustang 13 He ‘always went heeled, toted a derringer, and was a bad crowd generally’.

1889 J. S. Farmer Americanisms (at cited word) I don't belong to that crowd, i.e. I don't belong to that set.

1892 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Nevermore II. xvii. 207 He..got mixed up with a crooked Sydney-side crowd.

1897 R. Kipling Captains Courageous x. 218 They treat him as one of themselves. Same as they treat me... I'm one of the crowd now.

1933 D. L. Sayers Murder must Advertise ii. 33 The 'varsity crowd don't quarrel like the rest of them.

1933 D. L. Sayers Murder must Advertise iii. 41 He used to tag round with that de Momerie crowd.

1939 Chatelaine Jan. 19/3 My bridge crowd was over the other night.

1971 Woman 23 Jan. 59/1 She was going through a particularly rebellious phase and seemed to be in with a wild crowd.

d. colloquial. A military unit.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > unit of army > [noun]

companyc1325

compartment1590

brigade1637

detachment1678

contingent1728

unit1861

crowd1901

crush1904

mahalla1906

outfit1909

mob1916

serial1941

1901 Westm. Gaz. 31 Aug. 2/1 My crowd on this day were left flank advance guard.

1929 P. Gibbs Hidden City vi. 23 ‘What was your crowd?’..‘East Kents. 8th Battalion.’

e. Colloquial phrase to pass (muster) in a crowd, not to fall so short of the standard as to be noticed; not to be conspicuously below the average (frequently with the implication of mediocrity).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > quality of being satisfactory > [verb (intransitive)]

sufficec1340

doa1450

servec1475

to go down1608

to pass (muster) in a crowd1711

to get by1897

1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 9 Feb. (1948) I. 185 Will she pass in a crowd? Will she make a figure in a country church?

1846 R. Ford Gatherings from Spain ix. 94 The rider's..great object should be to pass in a crowd, either unnoticed, or to be taken for ‘one of us’.

1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xxvi. 259 They were mighty particular. You would pass muster in a crowd, Phil!

3. transferred and figurative.

a. A great number of things crowded together, either in fact or in contemplation; a large collection, multitude.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > large or numerous

legiona1325

rout?c1335

multitudec1350

thrave1377

cloudc1384

schoola1450

meiniec1450

throng1538

ruckc1540

multitudine1547

swarm1548

regiment1575

armya1586

volley1595

pile1596

battalion1603

wood1608

host1613

armada1622

crowd1628

battalia1653

squadron1668

raffa1677

smytrie1786

raft1821

squash1884

1628 R. Sanderson Two Serm. Paules-Crosse ii. 90 In the croude of their vnknowne sinnes.

1728 N. Salmon in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) (Camden) 361 Amongst such a crowd of Advertisements.

1855 E. Forbes Lit. Papers i. 9 A crowd of new thoughts occupies..their minds.

1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. App. 704 It is signed by a crowd of names.

b. Nautical. crowd of sail: an unusual number of sails hoisted for the sake of speed; a press of sail.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > sail > [noun] > amount of sail set > large amount

crowd of sail1803

1803 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 93 312 The holes being pressed under water by a crowd of sail on the ship.

1846 H. Raikes Life Sir J. Brenton 124 Several sail of the line appeared off Europa point under a crowd of sail.

Compounds

C1. General attributive. See also sense 1c and cf. mass n.²

crowd-control n.

ΚΠ

1966 Truth (Brisbane) 9 Oct. 41/6 We call them bouncers but the U.S. has another term for those beefy bar room keepers of the peace. They are called crowd control engineers.

1971 Times 4 Jan. 1/3 The debate about crowd control and safety at football stadiums.

crowd-mind n.

ΚΠ

1923 H. G. Wells Men like Gods iii. ii. 265 Crowds and the crowd-mind have gone for ever.

crowd-morality n.

ΚΠ

1915 A. C. Curtis (title) Politics and crowd-morality, a study in the philosophy of politics.

crowd-panic n.

ΚΠ

1906 Westm. Gaz. 22 Jan. 2/2 Fewer processions with banners, fewer crowd-panics.

crowd-pleaser n.

ΚΠ

1943 Gen 16 Jan. 30/1 An up-and-coming fighter is a tearaway chap, a real crowd-pleaser.

crowd-poison n.

ΚΠ

1871 G. H. Napheys Prevention & Cure Dis. i. vii. 197 A peculiar subtle emanation from the human body..which is called crowd-poison.

crowd-poisoning n. see quot.)

ΚΠ

1882 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Crowd-poisoning, the bad condition of health produced by overcrowding of people in a house or houses.

crowd-psychology n.

ΚΠ

1924 W. B. Selbie Psychol. Relig. 204 The whole subject [sc. conversion] is an interesting branch of the study of crowd psychology.

crowd-suggestion n.

ΚΠ

1924 W. B. Selbie Psychol. Relig. 157 The whole thing comes from crowd suggestion.

C2.

crowd-drawing adj.

ΚΠ

1848 J. R. Lowell Fable for Critics (ed. 2) 37 He has faith... And this is what makes him the crowd-drawing preacher.

crowd-pleasing adj.

ΚΠ

1962 Times 26 Feb. (Canada Suppl.) p. xvi/4 One of the biggest crowd-pleasing sports in Canada is the rough and tumble stock car racing.

crowd-pulling adj.

ΚΠ

1955 O. Keepnews & W. Grauer Pict. Hist. Jazz ii. 22 Brown..turned the term into a crowd-pulling asset by billing his group as ‘Brown's Dixieland Jass Band’.

Draft additions April 2011

With the.

a. The direction or option favoured by common opinion; the prevailing view in a group, or in society in general; the majority. Frequently in to follow the crowd, to go with (also against) the crowd, and similar phrases.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > opinion held by group > [noun] > public opinion

common opinionc1390

vox populic1547

public opinion1615

crowda1628

vulgar opiniona1699

vox pop1735

vox pop1953

a1628 J. Preston Grace to Humble (1639) 99 We goe against the croud, against the streames of the world.

1652 H. L'Estrange tr. P. Du Moulin Heraclitus 64 In religion we are caryed with the common opinion, and love to follow the fashion, and to go with the croud.

1699 tr. J. de La Bruyère Characters 415 They will avoid following the crowd. They are delighted with singularity in so serious and so important a subject.

1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels II. 373 They agree with the Crowd in the Confession of a supernatural and invisible Power.

1779 Mirror 23 Jan. 2 It..saves much time, and labour, and reflection, to follow the crowd, and to re-echo the opinions of the critics.

1853 W. Lovett Social & Polit. Morality 111 I fear for him who goes with the crowd and draws his opinions and sentiments from the common stock.

1875 Financier 15 May 310/1 There is no one rule for financial transactions so good as this: always go against the crowd.

1939 Street & Smith's Western Story Mag. 23 Sept. 38/2 I always try to swim with the crowd.

1979 Ebony Feb. 18/4 Curiosity, the desire to assert independence, the need to do what the crowd is doing can all lead to experimentation with drugs.

2002 B July 161/3 Let rip and be yourself this month. Why follow the crowd? Just offer what you've got.

b. In phrases expressing distinction or difference from the general run of people or things, esp. in a particular category, as to stand out from the crowd, to set (a person) apart from the crowd, etc.Usually with positive connotations.

ΚΠ

1682 T. Southerne Loyal Brother v. 57 Osman my name, Which you, Sir, must remember, since your favours Distinguish'd it first from the crowd.

1700 J. Dryden Fables Pref. sig. *Dij^v B—— and M—— are only distinguish'd from the Crowd, by being remember'd to their Infamy.

1759 London Mag. Apr. 214/2 In love for ev'ry fellow-creature, Superior rise above the crowd.

1832 B. Disraeli Contarini Fleming II. iv. iii. 66 He introduced a new system of phraseology, which marked him out from the crowd.

1837 W. B. Adams Eng. Pleasure Carriages Pref. p. x It is a more difficult thing than formerly to stand out from the crowd, and it can only be accomplished by combined talent and energy.

1875 Appletons' Jrnl. 24 Apr. 521/2 The certain indefinable something that at once set him apart from the crowd.

1913 Times 8 Aug. 11/5 They have an itch to pose as different from the crowd.

1998 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Feb. 102/2 Given this rich history of tub-thumping, how will this year's Oscar hopefuls set themselves apart from the crowd?

2006 Metro (Toronto) 15 Nov. (Carguide section) 8/3 It's a visual package that stands out from the crowd.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

crowdv.¹

Brit.

/kraʊd/, U.S.

/kraʊd/

Forms: Old English crúdan, Middle English crude, Middle English–1500s croude, Middle English–1600s crowde, 1600s–1800s croud, 1600s– crowd.

Etymology: Old English crúdan, 3rd singular crýdeþ, past tense créad, plural *crudon, past participle *croden, an original strong verb (ablaut-series kreud-, kraud-, krud-), not known in the early stages of the other languages, but represented by Middle Dutch crúden to press, push, later kruyden, kruyen (Kilian), Dutch kruien to push in a wheel-barrow, to drive, West Frisian kroadjen, East Frisian krôden, krüden (kröien, krüijen) to push, press, North Frisian krode, krojen, Middle Low German krúden, kroden, Low German krüden, krüen, Middle High German kroten, kröten to oppress, etc.: see Kroten in Grimm. As in some other verbs of the same ablaut series, the present had in Old English ú, Middle English ū, ou, instead of éo. The strong past tense crud (from plural), plural crodyn (from past participle) were used in Middle English; in the past participle, crod occurs in 1477, and crowden in 17th cent.; but the weak forms in -ed prevail from 16th cent. The word was comparatively rare down to 1600; it does not occur in the Bible of 1611.The primary sense of ‘press’ (Branch I), has in later English passed into that of the mutual or combined action of multitudes compressed or gathered closely together (II).

I. To press, push, thrust, shove, etc.

†1. intransitive. To press, to exert pressure (on or against).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [verb (transitive)] > exert pressure on

i-thrastc900

crowdOE

pressc1330

to bear down1440

impress1598

lean1736

OE Riddle 3 28 Bidað stille stealc stanhleoþu streamgewinnes, hopgehnastes, þonne heah geþring on cleofu crydeþ.

c1300 K. Alis. 609 And saide to that lady, loude, Withhold ! and ageyn croude!

a. intransitive. To press, drive, or hasten on: said of a ship (or its crew); in later usage, apparently treated as elliptical for crowd sail (see 9).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)] > swiftly

crowd937

runOE

shootc1540

scud1582

winga1616

gale1692

ramp1856

society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > make progress > move swiftly

crowd937

runOE

boom1617

to cut a feather1627

with a bone in her mouth (also teeth)1627

snore1830

spank1835

ramp1856

to step out1884

foot1892

937 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker MS.) Créad cnear on flot.

a1300 K. Horn 1293 Þat schup bigan to crude, þe wind him bleu lude.

c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 703 (4 MSS.) In the same schip..Hire and hir yonge sone..He schulde putte, and crowde fro the londe.

1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. ii. i. 21 We kept on crouding till Night.

1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 287 Crowding away to the North, [we] got the Start of the English Fleet.

1890 W. C. Russell Ocean Trag. I. i. 16 Is it your intention to crowd on to the Cape and await her arrival there?

b. transitive. to crowd (a ship) off. Also with through.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (transitive)] > in specific manner

shoota1450

run1533

to shoot toc1540

push1657

to crowd (a ship) off1743

sweat1890

surf1965

1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 16 [He] desired we would use our utmost Endeavours to crowd the Ship off.

1768 J. Byron Narr. Patagonia 9 We wore ship..and endeavoured to crowd her off from the land.

1852 E. Bennett Mike Fink i. 13/2 But crowd her through, my hearty, for I'm in a hurry.

c. transitive and intransitive. To hurry. U.S. colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > proceed rapidly [verb (intransitive)] > hasten or hurry

hiec1250

skelta1400

hasty?a1425

hasten1534

festinate1652

to look sharp1680

to make play1799

hurry-scurry1809

to tumble up1826

crowd1838

rush1859

hurry1871

to get a move on1888

hurry and scurry1889

to buck up1890

to get a hump on1892

to get a wiggle on1896

to shake a leg1904

to smack it about1914

flurry1917

to step on it (her)1923

to make it snappy1926

jildi1930

to get an iggri on1946

ert-

the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > do, deal with, acquire, etc., quickly [verb (transitive)] > cause to be done rapidly > hasten or hurry > a person

buskc1390

enhaste1430

post1570

bustle1575

expede1600

post-haste1607

pearten1827

crowd1838

scuffle1838

rush1889

1838 Knickerbocker 12 506 Well, children, don't crowd the old man so; give him time.

1840 Knickerbocker Mag. 16 258 Simon Schultz crowds me so, that I have no comfort of my life.

a1861 T. Winthrop John Brent (1883) v. 43 I might perhaps make it a new story; but I crowd on now to the proper spot where this drama is to be enacted.

a1861 T. Winthrop John Brent (1883) xix. 169 He crowded on, more desperately..as a lover rides for love.

1876 3rd Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 1875–6 627 He is for ever crowding and rushing, so as to get some particular piece of work done by such a time.

1903 A. Adams Log of Cowboy vi. 80 I didn't crowd matters.

†3. transitive. To press (anything), to move by pressure, to push, shove; spec. to push in a wheel-barrow or hand-cart. (Also absol.) Also, to push back, down (also figurative). Obsolete exc. dialect.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > transport or convey in a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > by wheeled vehicle > by wheelbarrow

crowdc1330

barrow1674

wheelbarrow1721

the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > push

thrustc1175

pilta1200

pingc1300

pote1340

pusha1350

beara1398

pokea1425

possa1425

pressc1425

shun1674

crowd1830

c1330 Amis & Amil. 1861 Than Amoraunt crud Sir Amiloun Thurch mani a cuntre, vp and doun.

c1330 Amis & Amil. 1883 He crud his wain into the fen.

c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Ellesm.) 801 But in the same ship..Hire and hir yonge sone..He sholde putte and croude hire fro the lond.

14.. ABC Poem 54 in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 245 Cananis hym crodyn to heroudis kyng, Þer had he gret scornyng.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 105 Crowde wythe a barow, cinevecto. Crowdyn', or showen, impello.

?1441 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 217 Sche sent..word..þat sche xuld come hedyr..þoov sche xuld be crod in a barwe.

1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 123 Whence 'tis, that I can crowd a bigger body than I can throw.

1723 J. Clarke tr. Rohault's Syst. Nat. Philos. I. i. xvi. 97 Those little Columns of Water which are longer than the other..will never leave crouding them up, till the Surface of the Liquor is come to a Level.

1830 Massachusetts Spy 14 July He was carting timber, and stepped upon the cart tongue to crowd some sticks back with his feet.

1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words I Crowd, to wheel about. Norf.

1874 2nd Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 1873–4 732 You are crowding him down to a gold basis.

1874 2nd Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 1873–4 764 The excavation was..stopped upon a clean pebbly bottom, into which an iron bar could be crowded down its length.

1880 G. W. Cable Grandissimes xl. 318 He crowded his hat fiercely down over his curls and plunged out.

4. intransitive. To push, or force one's way into a confined space, through a crowd, etc.; to press forward, up, etc. Now only figurative, as in quot. 1858, and coloured by 5.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > forcibly

shovec888

thrustc1330

crowda1415

throngc1440

thrumble?a1513

to shoulder one's way1581

to make one's way1589

bear1594

push1602

jostle1622

force1653

way1694

squeeze1704

to push one's way1716

thrutchc1837

barge1888

a1415 J. Lydgate Temple Glas 534 Within þe tempil me þouȝte þat I sey Gret pres of folk..To croude and shove—þe tempil was so ful.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iii. ii. 313 Then he burst his head for crowding among the Marshalles men.

1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge ii. iii. sig. D4^v Throngs of thoughts crowde for their passage.

1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 138 It cannot stir without asking another bodies leave to crowd by.

1687 A. Farmer in J. R. Bloxham Magdalen Coll. & James II (1886) (modernized text) 72 He crowded into a Dancing Room.

1858 O. W. Holmes Autocrat of Breakfast-table xii. 353 The great maternal instinct came crowding up in her soul.

II. Senses in which the notion of physical compression or mutual pressure gradually changes into that of the incommoding effect: cf. throng n.

a. intransitive. Of persons, etc. in numbers: To press toward a common centre, to gather or congregate closely so as to press upon one another; to come or assemble in large numbers or crowds; to flock, throng. With many adverbs and prepositions, e.g. to crowd in; about, after (a person); into, to, upon (a place or thing). Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (intransitive)] > specifically of people or animals > in large numbers

thringOE

threngc1175

crowda1400

flocka1400

swarm1526

growl1542

throngc1565

shoala1618

horde1801

bike1805

fry1816

hotch1893

a1400 Pist. Susan 83 On croppus of canel keneliche þei croude.

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 45 Men to vs thick crouded.

1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 408 People not being so hasty to crowde in, or justle them out of these Quarters.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Yorks. 196 Multitudes of People crowded to his Sermons.

1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §110. 125 There croud into his Mind, the Ideas which [etc.].

1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 14 Sept. (1965) I. 263 The company crouded away in such confusion, I was allmost squeez'd to Death.

1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. lvii. 232 The Macedonians crowded about him.

1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 197 Suspicions and alarms crowd upon him.

b. intransitive. Of a train: To have its rear coaches thrust forward against those in front.

ΚΠ

1907 Westm. Gaz. 16 Oct. 7/3 Although in rapid sequence every pair of wheels in the train is braked, the tendency is for the train to ‘crowd’, as railwaymen say.

6. transitive.

a. To press, thrust, force, cram (things) in, or into a confined space; †to compress (air, etc.). Also to press (things) in numbers on a person. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > make dense or solid [verb (transitive)] > by compaction or compression

compressc1400

knit1423

crowd1609

compact1633

unpulverize1733

pack1824

the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > insert or put in [verb (transitive)] > forcibly > cram or stuff in

crama1400

wedge1513

enfarce1564

pester1570

farce1579

stuff1579

ram1582

impact1601

thrum1603

to cramp in1605

crowd1609

impack1611

screw1635

infarciate1657

stodge1674

choke1747

bodkin1793

jam1793

bodkinize1833

pump1899

shoehorn1927

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. ii. 21 A man into whome nature hath so crowded humors.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) i. ii. 200 The poore Mechanicke Porters, crowding in Their heauy burthens at his narrow gate.

1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 326 We may heare crowd in an Example to be found in the same Book of Justin.

1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall xxvii. 213 An unusual quantity of Air crouded and shut up in the same Vessel.

1691 E. Taylor Behmen's Aurora i. 242 Heat consumeth the Water, cold crowdeth the Air.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 133 Nor have I Room to crowd many of these Things into this Account.

1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 138 Take the utmost Precautions to have..every Thing necessary to crowd in your stuffing.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 504 In revolutions men live fast: the experience of years is crowded into hours.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xxv. 248 Myouk is crowding fresh presents of raw birds on me.

b. To compress; to collect, bring, or pack closely together, as in a crowd.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > crowd together

thrumble1513

throng1539

pack1545

serr1562

close1566

frequent1578

thwack1589

contrude1609

crowd1612

serry1639

wedge1720

stuff1728

pig1745

jam1771

condensate1830

wad1850

sardine1895

1612 W. Symonds Proc. Eng. Colonie Virginia vi. 40 in J. Smith Map of Virginia The rest..crowded in so small a barge, in so many dangers.

1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Persian Wars i. 29 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian The people being crouded together.

1746 J. Jortin Disc. Truth Christian Relig. vi. (R.) It would not have entered into their thoughts to have crowded together so many allusions.

1776 W. Withering Brit. Plants II. 360 Aristolochia Clematitis..flowers crowded, in the bosom of the leaf-stalks.

1881 B. Jowett tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War I. Introd. 15 A strong individuality..which crowds the use of words, which thinks more than it can express.

1893 N.E.D. at Crowd Mod. We were standing crowded together before the picture.

†c. To compress (a single thing) in a narrow space; to confine. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > confine [verb (transitive)] > confine in a narrow space

threnga1154

thringc1250

straitc1420

estrait1529

straiten1576

stew1590

estraitena1610

crowdc1632

cramp1683

to box in1845

poke1860

c1632 in Athenæum 27 Jan. (1883) 121/3 Doe nott thou presume To crowd the Founder in a narrow Tombe.

1672 J. Dryden Conquest Granada ii. iii. i. 101 Why will you in your Brest your passion croud..?

1706 tr. J. B. Morvan de Bellegarde Refl. upon Ridicule 257 They are crowded and wrapt up in themselves.

†d. To compress, crush, squeeze to death in a crowd. Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > kill [verb (transitive)] > by crushing or treading

crowd1598

to tread to death1726

Juggernaut1830

slosh1918

1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 22 9. persons were crowded to death.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. i. 260 The time misordred doth..Crowd vs and crush vs to this monstrous forme.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 33 Great numbers..were crowded to death.

1786 H. Croft Abbey of Kilkhampton 99 He was crowded to death with honours.

a. To fill or occupy with a crowd or dense multitude; to fill to excess or encumbrance; to cram with.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up (space or a place) [verb (transitive)] > fill > crowd

stuff1571

throng1578

impester1601

thrust1615

throng1637

confluence1656

frequent1667

crowd1695

1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 107 I shall not crowd this Piece with them.

1715 A. Pope Pref. to Homer (Seager) This [subject] he has..crowded with a greater number of councils, speeches, battles, and episodes of all kinds.

1777 W. Dalrymple Trav. Spain & Portugal cxv The roads were crouded with little saints and altars.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 597 A port crowded with shipping.

b. To fill as a crowd does, to throng (a place). (The passive of result is to be crowded with as in a.; the passive of action to be crowded by.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up (space or a place) [verb (transitive)] > completely > as a crowd

swarm1555

throng1604

crowd1645

overswarm1851

1645 E. Pagitt Heresiogr. Ep. Ded. sig. ^πA2^v They run after these men..crowding the churches, filling their doors and windows.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 131 They crowd his Levees, and support his Throne.

1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V III. viii. 119 A court crouded with armed men.

1883 Daily News 30 Oct. 5/3 The trains were crowded by Exhibition visitors.

1884 R. W. Church Bacon i. 20 The servile and insincere flatterers..who crowded the antechambers of the great Queen.

c. To press upon or beset (a person or place) as a crowd does, to surround, encumber, incommode by pressure of numbers, to crowd upon; also to occupy or encumber with a multitude of things.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > crowd together > crowd upon

thringc1000

pressc1450

throng1534

flock1609

crowd1614

scrouge1755

the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up (space or a place) [verb (transitive)] > fill > to obstruction

cumberc1394

encumberc1400

cloy1548

pester1548

accumberc1571

clog1586

to take up1587

lumber1642

over-clog1660

crowd1741

jama1865

1614 W. B. in tr. Philosophers Banquet (ed. 2) To Rdr. sig. A2^v Resort shall croud him wheresoere he dwell.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 113 The Men..crowd the chearful Fire.

1712 G. Granville Poems 93 Why will vain Courtiers toil, And crowd a vainer Monarch for a Smile?

1741 S. Johnson tr. B. Fontenelle Life Morin in Gentleman's Mag. July 377 A Man of this Temper was not crouded with Salutations.

1783 S. Johnson Lett. to Mrs. Thrale 27 Dec. I am crowded with visits.

1851 J. J. Hooper Widow Rugby's Husband 128 Dad drat my upper leather ef any man shall crowd my feeling's that way.

1872 ‘M. Twain’ Sketches 322 You ought to respect their little prejudices..and put up with their little foibles, until they get to crowding you too much.

1897 ‘M. Twain’ Following Equator xlvii. 441 They crowded him so that he had to give himself up.

1908 E. J. Banfield Confessions of Beachcomber i. i. 36 Get away from this. Don't crowd a fellow. Go to a rock of your own.

1911 A. M. Simons Social Forces Amer. Hist. 50 Holland was crowding Spain for first place in the commercial world.

1933 P. Godfrey Back-stage iii. 40 ‘Crowding’ and ‘upstaging’ are tricks of the selfish actor. To ‘crowd’ is to stand just close enough to another actor to prevent his making any gesture freely.

1963 ‘J. le Carré’ Spy who came in from Cold vi. 44 They crowded him in the dinner queue. Crowding is a prison ritual akin to the eighteenth-century practice of jostling. It has the virtue of an apparent accident, in which the prisoner's mess tin is upturned, and its contents spilt on his uniform.

†d. Said of things: To press upon (one another) in a crowd. Obsolete exc. dialect.And so in U.S. (F. Hall).

ΚΠ

1653 R. Austen Treat. Fruit-trees 62 Frettings, & gallings, that happens to Trees that brush, and croud one upon another.

a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Crowd v., to push, shove or press close. To the word, in its common acceptation, number seems necessary. With us, one individual can crowd another.

e. U.S. colloquial. ‘To urge; to press by solicitation; to dun’ (Webster 1828).

ΚΠ

1853 B. Young Jrnl. Disc. 5 Dec. (1854) 340/1 [I have never] distressed a man for what he owes me, or crowded any person in the least.

f. to crowd the mourners: to exercise undue pressure; to push or hurry in an unseemly manner. U.S. colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > persuade [verb (intransitive)] > pressurize

to put (also keep) the screw (also screws) on1659

to crowd the mourners1842

to bring pressure to bear1853

to put (also bring, exert) pressure on1853

pressure1922

to be on someone's wheel1941

to twist (someone's) arm1953

1842 Spirit of Times XII. 426 In the second mile, however, Fashion commenced ‘crowding the mourners’ by brushing down both straight sides.

1868 Congr. Globe 19 Feb. 1263/3 [Such an argument as] this is ‘crowding the mourners’.

1904 W. H. Smith Promoters xix. 282 I don't want to crowd the mourners at your end of the line.

1923 Dial. Notes 5 205 Keep ca'm now, an' don't crowd the mourners.

g. To approach (a specified age) closely; to verge on. U.S. colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [verb (transitive)] > approach an age

to go on ——1567

touch1851

push1869

crowd1943

squeeze1976

1943 Newsweek 22 Nov. 52 Reynolds, now crowding 60, would disclose no plans last week.

1960 Guardian 5 May 9/6 Groucho is crowding 70, though not very hard.

1961 F. Crane Reluctant Sleuth iv. 33 Bobo's maybe twenty-five. George is crowding sixty.

1969 Guardian 18 Aug. 9/6 Mae West..confessed to ‘crowding sixty’.

8. crowd out: to push or force out by pressure of a crowd (obsolete); to exclude by crowding, or because the crowd is more than the space can hold. Also with off, up.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > be on the outside of [verb (transitive)] > keep or shut out > by crowding

crowd out1652

1652 D. Osborne Lett. (1888) 30 'Tis very possible the next new experiment may crowd me out again.

1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth i. viii. 103 According as it [sc. the sea] can make its way into all those Subterraneous Cavities, and crowd the Air out of them.

1841–44 R. W. Emerson Over-soul in Wks. (1906) I. 111 [The] cuckoo Crowds every egg out of the nest.

1881 Amer. Naturalist 15 31 The yellow catkins were actually crowding off the leaves.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. lxxiv. 615 They crowd out better men.

1889 Morning Post 24 June 2/1 Works sent to the Royal Academy and crowded out.

1901 S. Merwin & H. K. Webster Calumet ‘K’ vi. 108 It takes a pretty lively man to crowd me off the end of a wire.

1910 Springfield Weekly Republ. 6 Jan. 1 The price of cotton is being crowded up higher than conditions of supply and demand warrant.

9. Nautical. to crowd sail: to hoist an unusual number of sails on a ship; to carry a press of sail for the purpose of speed.The phrase appears to be derived from sense 2 by confusion or association with the common modern sense.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > support (an amount of) sail [verb (intransitive)] > spread (more) sail > make all possible sail

to pack on1562

to crowd sail1687

to press (on) sail (also canvas)1750

crack1824

1687 London Gaz. No. 2251/4 They crowded all the Sail they could possible make after us.

1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 112 In crowding Sail to come up with her.

1844 W. H. Maxwell Wanderings in Highlands & Islands I. xiii. 227 Canvass was crowded on the Clorinde.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† crowdv.²

Forms: Also croud.

Etymology: < crowd n.¹

Obsolete.

intransitive. To play the crowd; to fiddle.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing stringed instrument > play stringed instrument [verb (intransitive)] > play fiddle

fiddle1377

crowd1589

scrape1599

to jig it1808

rasp1842

tweetle1912

1589 G. Peele Eglogue Gratulatorie 21 Thou art too crank, and crowdest all too high.

a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Old Law (1656) v. 69 Fidlers crowd on, crowd on.

1693 T. Southerne Maids Last Prayer iv. iii The Knight crowds most splendidly.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

† crowdv.³

Forms: Also 1700s croud.

Etymology: Compare crood v., crout v.

Obsolete.

intransitive. To crow, as a cock.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > hen or cock > [verb (intransitive)] > crow (of cock)

gredec897

singc950

crowc1000

cock-a-doodle-doo1596

crowd1753

chanticleer1810

1753 Extracts Trial J. Stewart in Scots Mag. Aug. 401/1 The black cocks were crouding.

1780 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle in J. Dodsley Coll. Old Plays (ed. 2) ii. ii. 31 Her cock with the yelow legs, that nightly crowded so just?

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

> see also

also refers to : † crowd-comb. form

n.¹a1310

n.²1399

n.³1567

v.¹937

v.²1589

v.³1753

单词	crowd
释义	† crowdn.¹ Brit. /kraʊd/, U.S. /kraʊd/, Welsh English /kraud/ Forms: α. Middle English crouþe, Middle English crouth(e, 1600s–1800s crowth; β. Middle English–1500s croude, Middle English–1600s crowde, (Middle English kroude, 1500s croudde), 1500s–1700s croud, 1500s–1800s crowd. Etymology: < Welsh crwth (masculine) violin, fiddle; also, a swelling or bulging body, a paunch, a kind of round bulging box, akin to croth feminine swelling, protuberance, belly, womb. These words correspond as the masculine and feminine of adjectives: compare crwm, crom crooked, etc. The feminine form alone is found in the other Celtic languages, but in both senses: compare Gaelic cruit (feminine) harp, violin, croit (feminine) hump, hunch, Irish cruit (feminine) violin, and hump, hunch; Old Irish crot (genitive croite, cruite, objective croit) harp, cithara, in late Latin crotta a British musical instrument mentioned by Venantius Fortunatus c600. Now historical or dialect. a. An ancient Celtic musical instrument of the viol class, now obsolete, having in early times three strings, but in its later form six, four of which were played with a bow and two by twitching with the fingers; an early form of the fiddle. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > bowable instrument > [noun] > fiddle > early fiddles crowda1310 ribiblec1330 rotec1330 ribibec1415 rebec1755 crwth1837 rotta1864 a1310 Lyric P. xvi. 53 Ther nis fiele ne crouth that such murthes maketh. c1330 King of Tars. (MS.A.) 503 No minstral wiþ harp no crouþe. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xv. 25 Whanne he..neiȝede to the hous, he herde a symphonye and a crowde. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 355 And Wales vsethe trumpettes, an harpe, and a crowde. 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure xvi. xi Harpes, lutes, and crouddes ryght delycyous. a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 98 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) All the instrumentall musicke upon the Harpe and Crowth. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. xi. 286 Saxon minstrels, and Welsh bards..extracting mistuned dirges from their harps, crowds, and rotes. 1880 P. David in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 422 Crwth..or Crowd, as far as we know the oldest stringed instrument played with the bow..Bingley heard it played at Carnarvon as late as 1801; but it is now entirely out of use. b. Hence, a fiddle. dialect in later use. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > bowable instrument > [noun] > fiddle fiddlec1275 trunk-wame16.. crowda1627 bosh1876 a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Old Law (1656) v. 69 Clo. Fidlers crowd on, crowd on... Duk. Stay the crowd a while. 1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. ii. 68 That keep their Consciences in Cases As Fidlers do their Crowds and Bases. c1680 in Roxburghe Ballads VII. 18 When a Fidler wants his Crowd. 1746 Exmoor Courtship 23 Ees coud a borst tha Crowd in Shivers, and tha Crowder too. 1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words I. as northern. 1869 J. C. Atkinson Peacock's Gloss. Dial. Hundred of Lonsdale 1875 in Lancash. Gloss. 1880 in W. Cornwall Gl. and E. Cornwall Gl. c. transferred. Applied to the player. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > string player > [noun] > player of early fiddle rotour1395 ribibourc1400 crowderc1450 rebec1540 crowd1607 1607 Fayre Mayde of Exchange in T. Heywood Wks. (1874) II. 21 Well, Crowde, what say you to Fiddle now? 1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth II. 232 An old Crowd..stood twanging. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † crowdn.² Forms: Also Middle English crudde, 1500s croude, crowde. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman crudde, apparently corresponding to Old French crute , crote , later croute = Provençal crota , Italian grotta < late Latin crupta , grupta , for Latin crypta : see crypt n. Of the d in the Anglo-Norman and English word no explanation has been found. Obsolete. An underground vault, a crypt. (Also commonly in plural.) ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > crypt > [noun] undercroft1395 crowd1399 vaultc1400 shrouds1550 crypta1563 crypt1583 grot1658 the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > burial-chamber > [noun] > crypt croftOE crowd1399 crypta1563 crypt1583 1399 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 129 Pro ostio in le Cruddes, 6d. 1472 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 225 Lez Cruddes voc. Seint Wilfride nedyll. 1500 Will of John Barre (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/13) f. 62^v To be buried in the Crowde of Saint John Baptist in Bristow. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 700 Within the Church, Saint Wilfrides Needle..A narrow hole this was, in the Crowdes or close vaulted roome under the ground. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 703 In a certaine vault or crowdes or a little chappell under the ground. 1658 W. Dugdale Hist. St. Pauls Cathedral 117 Heretofore called Ecclesia S. Fidis, in Cryptis (or [St. Faith] in the Croudes, according to the vulgar expression). This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2021). crowdn.³ Brit. /kraʊd/, U.S. /kraʊd/ Forms: Also 1500s–1600s croude, 1600s crowde, 1600s–1700s croud. Etymology: < crowd v.¹ 1. a. A large number of persons gathered so closely together as to press upon or impede each other; a throng, a dense multitude. (The earlier term from 13th cent. was press.) ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered > large or numerous > densely packed together threatc950 press?c1225 thring?c1225 threngc1275 throngc1330 shockc1430 crowd1567 frequency1570 gregation1621 frequence1671 push1718 munga1728 mampus?c1730 squeezer1756 squeeze1779 crush1806 cram1810 parrock1811 mass1814 scrouge1839 squash1884 1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Dij Who will, and dare retche forthe his hande, And man the throughe the croude. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iv. i. 58 Among the crowd [printed crow'd] i' th' Abbey, where a finger Could not be wedg'd in more. View more context for this quotation 1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 121 Hee perceived through a window..no small crowde of people. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. ii. 15 I was surrounded by a Crowd of People. 1847 L. Hunt Jar of Honey iv Powers, what a crowd ! how shall we get along? 1881 Bible (R.V.) Mark ii. 4 They could not come nigh unto him for the crowd [1611 press]. b. spec. A mass of spectators; an audience. (Cf. quot. 1623 at sense 1a.) ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > beholder or spectator > at a show or spectacle > audience spectatory1831 spectatorship1833 spectatordom1854 crowdc1863 captive audience1902 capacity1908 mass audience1927 c1863 E. Dickinson Poems (1955) II. 539 Their [sc. balloons'] Ribbons just beyond the eye—They struggle—some—for Breath—And yet the Crowd applaud, below. 1921 Times 1 Mar. 16/7 The crowd jeered at Hobbs owing to his slow movements in the field due to his recent injury. 1955 Manch. Guardian 30 Apr. 3/6 In recent years the crowd at Wembley Stadium has not seen the game of Rugby League played at its best. 1970 New Statesman 9 Oct. 454/3 The crowd was very similar both in behaviour and appearance to the audience that came to the Beaulieu jazz festivals. 1971 Sunday Times 31 Jan. 12/1 Tennis players lecture the line judge, appeal to the crowd. c. A collection of actors playing the part of a crowd; frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > actor > [noun] > actor playing specific type of part > actors playing a crowd crowd1899 1899 L. Wagner How to get on Stage 71 Sir Henry Irving when his two sons elected to go on the stage..said..‘I could only allow them to stand in the crowd at the Lyceum, to accustom them to the boards, and afterwards procure them an engagement in a touring company.’ 1909 J. R. Ware Passing Eng. Victorian Era 100/1 What do I do? Oh, I go on with the crowd. 1935 J. Dell Nobody ordered Wolves v. 69 Her sole ambition had been to do crowd-work. 1936 Archit. Rev. 80 192 If you are ‘crowd’, you go to one of the big communal dressing rooms. 1937 Archit. Rev. 82 286 The interior is designed as a background to this ‘crowd-scene’. 2. transferred. a. A large number (of persons) contemplated in the mass. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [noun] > a large number or multitude > of individuals, people un-i-fohOE felec1175 power1489 camp-royal1593 numbers1597 crowd1654 stock1668 somedeal1851 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 17 The whole crowd of those we converse with, what are they? 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 264. ⁋1 Wherein you have Crouds of Rivals. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 331 The principal pulpits..were occupied..by a crowd of distinguished men. b. The people who throng the streets and populous centres; the masses; the multitude. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > [noun] folkc888 peoplea1325 frapec1330 commona1350 common peoplea1382 commonsa1382 commontya1387 communityc1400 meiniec1400 commonaltya1425 commonsa1500 vulgarsa1513 many1526 meinie1532 multitude1535 the many-headed beast (also monster)1537 number1542 ignobility1546 commonitya1550 popular1554 populace1572 popularya1578 vulgarity?1577 populacya1583 rout1589 the vulgar1590 plebs1591 mobile vulgusc1599 popularity1599 ignoble1603 the million1604 plebe1612 plebeity1614 the common filea1616 the herda1616 civils1644 commonality1649 democracy1656 menu1658 mobile1676 crowd1683 vulgusa1687 mob1691 Pimlico parliament?1774 citizenry1795 polloi1803 demos1831 many-headed1836 hoi polloi1837 the masses1837 citizenhood1843 John Q.1922 wimble-wamble1937 1683 T. Tryon Way to Health 630 We ought..not [to] esteem a thing good..because the Multitude do it..for there is scarce a worse guide than the Croude. 1751 T. Gray Elegy xix. 9 Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife. 1878 J. Morley Diderot I. 225 This passage sounds unpleasantly like an appeal to the crowd in a matter of science. c. Originally U.S. A company; ‘set’, ‘lot’. colloquial.Like ‘lot’, used of an individual, e.g. ‘he's a bad crowd’. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a company or body of persons > [noun] ferec975 flockOE gingc1175 rout?c1225 companyc1300 fellowshipc1300 covinc1330 eschelec1330 tripc1330 fellowred1340 choira1382 head1381 glub1382 partya1387 peoplec1390 conventc1426 an abominable of monksa1450 body1453 carol1483 band1490 compernagea1500 consorce1512 congregationa1530 corporationa1535 corpse1534 chore1572 society1572 crew1578 string1579 consort1584 troop1584 tribe1609 squadron1617 bunch1622 core1622 lag1624 studa1625 brigadea1649 platoon1711 cohort1719 lot1725 corps1754 loo1764 squad1786 brotherhood1820 companionhood1825 troupe1825 crowd1840 companionship1842 group1845 that ilk1845 set-out1854 layout1869 confraternity1872 show1901 crush1904 we1927 familia1933 shower1936 1840 Congress. Globe Apr. App. 376/2 I became satisfied that Democracy had but few charms for that crowd. 1847 C. Lanman Summer in Wilderness v. 37 All who could, made their escape and the leader of this crowd was Black Hawk himself. 1857 J. D. Borthwick Three Years in Calif. 195 He was one of the most favorable specimens of that crowd. 1883 A. E. Sweet & J. A. Knox On Mexican Mustang 13 He ‘always went heeled, toted a derringer, and was a bad crowd generally’. 1889 J. S. Farmer Americanisms (at cited word) I don't belong to that crowd, i.e. I don't belong to that set. 1892 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Nevermore II. xvii. 207 He..got mixed up with a crooked Sydney-side crowd. 1897 R. Kipling Captains Courageous x. 218 They treat him as one of themselves. Same as they treat me... I'm one of the crowd now. 1933 D. L. Sayers Murder must Advertise ii. 33 The 'varsity crowd don't quarrel like the rest of them. 1933 D. L. Sayers Murder must Advertise iii. 41 He used to tag round with that de Momerie crowd. 1939 Chatelaine Jan. 19/3 My bridge crowd was over the other night. 1971 Woman 23 Jan. 59/1 She was going through a particularly rebellious phase and seemed to be in with a wild crowd. d. colloquial. A military unit. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > unit of army > [noun] companyc1325 compartment1590 brigade1637 detachment1678 contingent1728 unit1861 crowd1901 crush1904 mahalla1906 outfit1909 mob1916 serial1941 1901 Westm. Gaz. 31 Aug. 2/1 My crowd on this day were left flank advance guard. 1929 P. Gibbs Hidden City vi. 23 ‘What was your crowd?’..‘East Kents. 8th Battalion.’ e. Colloquial phrase to pass (muster) in a crowd, not to fall so short of the standard as to be noticed; not to be conspicuously below the average (frequently with the implication of mediocrity). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > quality of being satisfactory > [verb (intransitive)] sufficec1340 doa1450 servec1475 to go down1608 to pass (muster) in a crowd1711 to get by1897 1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 9 Feb. (1948) I. 185 Will she pass in a crowd? Will she make a figure in a country church? 1846 R. Ford Gatherings from Spain ix. 94 The rider's..great object should be to pass in a crowd, either unnoticed, or to be taken for ‘one of us’. 1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xxvi. 259 They were mighty particular. You would pass muster in a crowd, Phil! 3. transferred and figurative. a. A great number of things crowded together, either in fact or in contemplation; a large collection, multitude. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > large or numerous legiona1325 rout?c1335 multitudec1350 thrave1377 cloudc1384 schoola1450 meiniec1450 throng1538 ruckc1540 multitudine1547 swarm1548 regiment1575 armya1586 volley1595 pile1596 battalion1603 wood1608 host1613 armada1622 crowd1628 battalia1653 squadron1668 raffa1677 smytrie1786 raft1821 squash1884 1628 R. Sanderson Two Serm. Paules-Crosse ii. 90 In the croude of their vnknowne sinnes. 1728 N. Salmon in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) (Camden) 361 Amongst such a crowd of Advertisements. 1855 E. Forbes Lit. Papers i. 9 A crowd of new thoughts occupies..their minds. 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. App. 704 It is signed by a crowd of names. b. Nautical. crowd of sail: an unusual number of sails hoisted for the sake of speed; a press of sail. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > sail > [noun] > amount of sail set > large amount crowd of sail1803 1803 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 93 312 The holes being pressed under water by a crowd of sail on the ship. 1846 H. Raikes Life Sir J. Brenton 124 Several sail of the line appeared off Europa point under a crowd of sail. Compounds C1. General attributive. See also sense 1c and cf. mass n.² crowd-control n. ΚΠ 1966 Truth (Brisbane) 9 Oct. 41/6 We call them bouncers but the U.S. has another term for those beefy bar room keepers of the peace. They are called crowd control engineers. 1971 Times 4 Jan. 1/3 The debate about crowd control and safety at football stadiums. crowd-mind n. ΚΠ 1923 H. G. Wells Men like Gods iii. ii. 265 Crowds and the crowd-mind have gone for ever. crowd-morality n. ΚΠ 1915 A. C. Curtis (title) Politics and crowd-morality, a study in the philosophy of politics. crowd-panic n. ΚΠ 1906 Westm. Gaz. 22 Jan. 2/2 Fewer processions with banners, fewer crowd-panics. crowd-pleaser n. ΚΠ 1943 Gen 16 Jan. 30/1 An up-and-coming fighter is a tearaway chap, a real crowd-pleaser. crowd-poison n. ΚΠ 1871 G. H. Napheys Prevention & Cure Dis. i. vii. 197 A peculiar subtle emanation from the human body..which is called crowd-poison. crowd-poisoning n. see quot.) ΚΠ 1882 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Crowd-poisoning, the bad condition of health produced by overcrowding of people in a house or houses. crowd-psychology n. ΚΠ 1924 W. B. Selbie Psychol. Relig. 204 The whole subject [sc. conversion] is an interesting branch of the study of crowd psychology. crowd-suggestion n. ΚΠ 1924 W. B. Selbie Psychol. Relig. 157 The whole thing comes from crowd suggestion. C2. crowd-drawing adj. ΚΠ 1848 J. R. Lowell Fable for Critics (ed. 2) 37 He has faith... And this is what makes him the crowd-drawing preacher. crowd-pleasing adj. ΚΠ 1962 Times 26 Feb. (Canada Suppl.) p. xvi/4 One of the biggest crowd-pleasing sports in Canada is the rough and tumble stock car racing. crowd-pulling adj. ΚΠ 1955 O. Keepnews & W. Grauer Pict. Hist. Jazz ii. 22 Brown..turned the term into a crowd-pulling asset by billing his group as ‘Brown's Dixieland Jass Band’. Draft additions April 2011 With the. a. The direction or option favoured by common opinion; the prevailing view in a group, or in society in general; the majority. Frequently in to follow the crowd, to go with (also against) the crowd, and similar phrases. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > opinion held by group > [noun] > public opinion common opinionc1390 vox populic1547 public opinion1615 crowda1628 vulgar opiniona1699 vox pop1735 vox pop1953 a1628 J. Preston Grace to Humble (1639) 99 We goe against the croud, against the streames of the world. 1652 H. L'Estrange tr. P. Du Moulin Heraclitus 64 In religion we are caryed with the common opinion, and love to follow the fashion, and to go with the croud. 1699 tr. J. de La Bruyère Characters 415 They will avoid following the crowd. They are delighted with singularity in so serious and so important a subject. 1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels II. 373 They agree with the Crowd in the Confession of a supernatural and invisible Power. 1779 Mirror 23 Jan. 2 It..saves much time, and labour, and reflection, to follow the crowd, and to re-echo the opinions of the critics. 1853 W. Lovett Social & Polit. Morality 111 I fear for him who goes with the crowd and draws his opinions and sentiments from the common stock. 1875 Financier 15 May 310/1 There is no one rule for financial transactions so good as this: always go against the crowd. 1939 Street & Smith's Western Story Mag. 23 Sept. 38/2 I always try to swim with the crowd. 1979 Ebony Feb. 18/4 Curiosity, the desire to assert independence, the need to do what the crowd is doing can all lead to experimentation with drugs. 2002 B July 161/3 Let rip and be yourself this month. Why follow the crowd? Just offer what you've got. b. In phrases expressing distinction or difference from the general run of people or things, esp. in a particular category, as to stand out from the crowd, to set (a person) apart from the crowd, etc.Usually with positive connotations. ΚΠ 1682 T. Southerne Loyal Brother v. 57 Osman my name, Which you, Sir, must remember, since your favours Distinguish'd it first from the crowd. 1700 J. Dryden Fables Pref. sig. Dij^v B—— and M—— are only distinguish'd from the Crowd, by being remember'd to their Infamy. 1759 London Mag.* Apr. 214/2 In love for ev'ry fellow-creature, Superior rise above the crowd. 1832 B. Disraeli Contarini Fleming II. iv. iii. 66 He introduced a new system of phraseology, which marked him out from the crowd. 1837 W. B. Adams Eng. Pleasure Carriages Pref. p. x It is a more difficult thing than formerly to stand out from the crowd, and it can only be accomplished by combined talent and energy. 1875 Appletons' Jrnl. 24 Apr. 521/2 The certain indefinable something that at once set him apart from the crowd. 1913 Times 8 Aug. 11/5 They have an itch to pose as different from the crowd. 1998 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Feb. 102/2 Given this rich history of tub-thumping, how will this year's Oscar hopefuls set themselves apart from the crowd? 2006 Metro (Toronto) 15 Nov. (Carguide section) 8/3 It's a visual package that stands out from the crowd. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022). crowdv.¹ Brit. /kraʊd/, U.S. /kraʊd/ Forms: Old English crúdan, Middle English crude, Middle English–1500s croude, Middle English–1600s crowde, 1600s–1800s croud, 1600s– crowd. Etymology: Old English crúdan, 3rd singular crýdeþ, past tense créad, plural crudon, past participle croden, an original strong verb (ablaut-series kreud-, kraud-, krud-), not known in the early stages of the other languages, but represented by Middle Dutch crúden to press, push, later kruyden, kruyen (Kilian), Dutch kruien to push in a wheel-barrow, to drive, West Frisian kroadjen, East Frisian krôden, krüden (kröien, krüijen) to push, press, North Frisian krode, krojen, Middle Low German krúden, kroden, Low German krüden, krüen, Middle High German kroten, kröten to oppress, etc.: see Kroten in Grimm. As in some other verbs of the same ablaut series, the present had in Old English ú, Middle English ū, ou, instead of éo. The strong past tense crud (from plural), plural crodyn (from past participle) were used in Middle English; in the past participle, crod occurs in 1477, and crowden in 17th cent.; but the weak forms in -ed prevail from 16th cent. The word was comparatively rare down to 1600; it does not occur in the Bible of 1611.The primary sense of ‘press’ (Branch I), has in later English passed into that of the mutual or combined action of multitudes compressed or gathered closely together (II). I. To press, push, thrust, shove, etc. †1. intransitive. To press, to exert pressure (on or against). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [verb (transitive)] > exert pressure on i-thrastc900 crowdOE pressc1330 to bear down1440 impress1598 lean1736 OE Riddle 3 28 Bidað stille stealc stanhleoþu streamgewinnes, hopgehnastes, þonne heah geþring on cleofu crydeþ. c1300 K. Alis. 609 And saide to that lady, loude, Withhold ! and ageyn croude! 2. a. intransitive. To press, drive, or hasten on: said of a ship (or its crew); in later usage, apparently treated as elliptical for crowd sail (see 9). ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)] > swiftly crowd937 runOE shootc1540 scud1582 winga1616 gale1692 ramp1856 society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > make progress > move swiftly crowd937 runOE boom1617 to cut a feather1627 with a bone in her mouth (also teeth)1627 snore1830 spank1835 ramp1856 to step out1884 foot1892 937 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker MS.) Créad cnear on flot. a1300 K. Horn 1293 Þat schup bigan to crude, þe wind him bleu lude. c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 703 (4 MSS.) In the same schip..Hire and hir yonge sone..He schulde putte, and crowde fro the londe. 1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. ii. i. 21 We kept on crouding till Night. 1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 287 Crowding away to the North, [we] got the Start of the English Fleet. 1890 W. C. Russell Ocean Trag. I. i. 16 Is it your intention to crowd on to the Cape and await her arrival there? b. transitive. to crowd (a ship) off. Also with through. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (transitive)] > in specific manner shoota1450 run1533 to shoot toc1540 push1657 to crowd (a ship) off1743 sweat1890 surf1965 1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 16 [He] desired we would use our utmost Endeavours to crowd the Ship off. 1768 J. Byron Narr. Patagonia 9 We wore ship..and endeavoured to crowd her off from the land. 1852 E. Bennett Mike Fink i. 13/2 But crowd her through, my hearty, for I'm in a hurry. c. transitive and intransitive. To hurry. U.S. colloquial. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > proceed rapidly [verb (intransitive)] > hasten or hurry hiec1250 skelta1400 hasty?a1425 hasten1534 festinate1652 to look sharp1680 to make play1799 hurry-scurry1809 to tumble up1826 crowd1838 rush1859 hurry1871 to get a move on1888 hurry and scurry1889 to buck up1890 to get a hump on1892 to get a wiggle on1896 to shake a leg1904 to smack it about1914 flurry1917 to step on it (her)1923 to make it snappy1926 jildi1930 to get an iggri on1946 ert- the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > do, deal with, acquire, etc., quickly [verb (transitive)] > cause to be done rapidly > hasten or hurry > a person buskc1390 enhaste1430 post1570 bustle1575 expede1600 post-haste1607 pearten1827 crowd1838 scuffle1838 rush1889 1838 Knickerbocker 12 506 Well, children, don't crowd the old man so; give him time. 1840 Knickerbocker Mag. 16 258 Simon Schultz crowds me so, that I have no comfort of my life. a1861 T. Winthrop John Brent (1883) v. 43 I might perhaps make it a new story; but I crowd on now to the proper spot where this drama is to be enacted. a1861 T. Winthrop John Brent (1883) xix. 169 He crowded on, more desperately..as a lover rides for love. 1876 3rd Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 1875–6 627 He is for ever crowding and rushing, so as to get some particular piece of work done by such a time. 1903 A. Adams Log of Cowboy vi. 80 I didn't crowd matters. †3. transitive. To press (anything), to move by pressure, to push, shove; spec. to push in a wheel-barrow or hand-cart. (Also absol.) Also, to push back, down (also figurative). Obsolete exc. dialect. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > transport or convey in a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > by wheeled vehicle > by wheelbarrow crowdc1330 barrow1674 wheelbarrow1721 the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > push thrustc1175 pilta1200 pingc1300 pote1340 pusha1350 beara1398 pokea1425 possa1425 pressc1425 shun1674 crowd1830 c1330 Amis & Amil. 1861 Than Amoraunt crud Sir Amiloun Thurch mani a cuntre, vp and doun. c1330 Amis & Amil. 1883 He crud his wain into the fen. c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Ellesm.) 801 But in the same ship..Hire and hir yonge sone..He sholde putte and croude hire fro the lond. 14.. ABC Poem 54 in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 245 Cananis hym crodyn to heroudis kyng, Þer had he gret scornyng. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 105 Crowde wythe a barow, cinevecto. Crowdyn', or showen, impello. ?1441 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 217 Sche sent..word..þat sche xuld come hedyr..þoov sche xuld be crod in a barwe. 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 123 Whence 'tis, that I can crowd a bigger body than I can throw. 1723 J. Clarke tr. Rohault's Syst. Nat. Philos. I. i. xvi. 97 Those little Columns of Water which are longer than the other..will never leave crouding them up, till the Surface of the Liquor is come to a Level. 1830 Massachusetts Spy 14 July He was carting timber, and stepped upon the cart tongue to crowd some sticks back with his feet. 1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words I Crowd, to wheel about. Norf. 1874 2nd Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 1873–4 732 You are crowding him down to a gold basis. 1874 2nd Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 1873–4 764 The excavation was..stopped upon a clean pebbly bottom, into which an iron bar could be crowded down its length. 1880 G. W. Cable Grandissimes xl. 318 He crowded his hat fiercely down over his curls and plunged out. 4. intransitive. To push, or force one's way into a confined space, through a crowd, etc.; to press forward, up, etc. Now only figurative, as in quot. 1858, and coloured by 5. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > forcibly shovec888 thrustc1330 crowda1415 throngc1440 thrumble?a1513 to shoulder one's way1581 to make one's way1589 bear1594 push1602 jostle1622 force1653 way1694 squeeze1704 to push one's way1716 thrutchc1837 barge1888 a1415 J. Lydgate Temple Glas 534 Within þe tempil me þouȝte þat I sey Gret pres of folk..To croude and shove—þe tempil was so ful. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iii. ii. 313 Then he burst his head for crowding among the Marshalles men. View more context for this quotation 1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge ii. iii. sig. D4^v Throngs of thoughts crowde for their passage. 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 138 It cannot stir without asking another bodies leave to crowd by. 1687 A. Farmer in J. R. Bloxham Magdalen Coll. & James II (1886) (modernized text) 72 He crowded into a Dancing Room. 1858 O. W. Holmes Autocrat of Breakfast-table xii. 353 The great maternal instinct came crowding up in her soul. II. Senses in which the notion of physical compression or mutual pressure gradually changes into that of the incommoding effect: cf. throng n. 5. a. intransitive. Of persons, etc. in numbers: To press toward a common centre, to gather or congregate closely so as to press upon one another; to come or assemble in large numbers or crowds; to flock, throng. With many adverbs and prepositions, e.g. to crowd in; about, after (a person); into, to, upon (a place or thing). Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (intransitive)] > specifically of people or animals > in large numbers thringOE threngc1175 crowda1400 flocka1400 swarm1526 growl1542 throngc1565 shoala1618 horde1801 bike1805 fry1816 hotch1893 a1400 Pist. Susan 83 On croppus of canel keneliche þei croude. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 45 Men to vs thick crouded. 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 408 People not being so hasty to crowde in, or justle them out of these Quarters. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Yorks. 196 Multitudes of People crowded to his Sermons. 1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §110. 125 There croud into his Mind, the Ideas which [etc.]. 1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 14 Sept. (1965) I. 263 The company crouded away in such confusion, I was allmost squeez'd to Death. 1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. lvii. 232 The Macedonians crowded about him. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 197 Suspicions and alarms crowd upon him. b. intransitive. Of a train: To have its rear coaches thrust forward against those in front. ΚΠ 1907 Westm. Gaz. 16 Oct. 7/3 Although in rapid sequence every pair of wheels in the train is braked, the tendency is for the train to ‘crowd’, as railwaymen say. 6. transitive. a. To press, thrust, force, cram (things) in, or into a confined space; †to compress (air, etc.). Also to press (things) in numbers on a person. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > make dense or solid [verb (transitive)] > by compaction or compression compressc1400 knit1423 crowd1609 compact1633 unpulverize1733 pack1824 the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > insert or put in [verb (transitive)] > forcibly > cram or stuff in crama1400 wedge1513 enfarce1564 pester1570 farce1579 stuff1579 ram1582 impact1601 thrum1603 to cramp in1605 crowd1609 impack1611 screw1635 infarciate1657 stodge1674 choke1747 bodkin1793 jam1793 bodkinize1833 pump1899 shoehorn1927 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. ii. 21 A man into whome nature hath so crowded humors. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) i. ii. 200 The poore Mechanicke Porters, crowding in Their heauy burthens at his narrow gate. View more context for this quotation 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 326 We may heare crowd in an Example to be found in the same Book of Justin. 1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall xxvii. 213 An unusual quantity of Air crouded and shut up in the same Vessel. 1691 E. Taylor Behmen's Aurora i. 242 Heat consumeth the Water, cold crowdeth the Air. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 133 Nor have I Room to crowd many of these Things into this Account. 1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 138 Take the utmost Precautions to have..every Thing necessary to crowd in your stuffing. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 504 In revolutions men live fast: the experience of years is crowded into hours. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xxv. 248 Myouk is crowding fresh presents of raw birds on me. b. To compress; to collect, bring, or pack closely together, as in a crowd. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > crowd together thrumble1513 throng1539 pack1545 serr1562 close1566 frequent1578 thwack1589 contrude1609 crowd1612 serry1639 wedge1720 stuff1728 pig1745 jam1771 condensate1830 wad1850 sardine1895 1612 W. Symonds Proc. Eng. Colonie Virginia vi. 40 in J. Smith Map of Virginia The rest..crowded in so small a barge, in so many dangers. 1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Persian Wars i. 29 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian The people being crouded together. 1746 J. Jortin Disc. Truth Christian Relig. vi. (R.) It would not have entered into their thoughts to have crowded together so many allusions. 1776 W. Withering Brit. Plants II. 360 Aristolochia Clematitis..flowers crowded, in the bosom of the leaf-stalks. 1881 B. Jowett tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War I. Introd. 15 A strong individuality..which crowds the use of words, which thinks more than it can express. 1893 N.E.D. at Crowd Mod. We were standing crowded together before the picture. †c. To compress (a single thing) in a narrow space; to confine. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > confine [verb (transitive)] > confine in a narrow space threnga1154 thringc1250 straitc1420 estrait1529 straiten1576 stew1590 estraitena1610 crowdc1632 cramp1683 to box in1845 poke1860 c1632 in Athenæum 27 Jan. (1883) 121/3 Doe nott thou presume To crowd the Founder in a narrow Tombe. 1672 J. Dryden Conquest Granada ii. iii. i. 101 Why will you in your Brest your passion croud..? 1706 tr. J. B. Morvan de Bellegarde Refl. upon Ridicule 257 They are crowded and wrapt up in themselves. †d. To compress, crush, squeeze to death in a crowd. Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > kill [verb (transitive)] > by crushing or treading crowd1598 to tread to death1726 Juggernaut1830 slosh1918 1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 22 9. persons were crowded to death. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. i. 260 The time misordred doth..Crowd vs and crush vs to this monstrous forme. View more context for this quotation 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 33 Great numbers..were crowded to death. 1786 H. Croft Abbey of Kilkhampton 99 He was crowded to death with honours. 7. a. To fill or occupy with a crowd or dense multitude; to fill to excess or encumbrance; to cram with. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up (space or a place) [verb (transitive)] > fill > crowd stuff1571 throng1578 impester1601 thrust1615 throng1637 confluence1656 frequent1667 crowd1695 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 107 I shall not crowd this Piece with them. 1715 A. Pope Pref. to Homer (Seager) This [subject] he has..crowded with a greater number of councils, speeches, battles, and episodes of all kinds. 1777 W. Dalrymple Trav. Spain & Portugal cxv The roads were crouded with little saints and altars. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 597 A port crowded with shipping. b. To fill as a crowd does, to throng (a place). (The passive of result is to be crowded with as in a.; the passive of action to be crowded by.) ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up (space or a place) [verb (transitive)] > completely > as a crowd swarm1555 throng1604 crowd1645 overswarm1851 1645 E. Pagitt Heresiogr. Ep. Ded. sig. ^πA2^v They run after these men..crowding the churches, filling their doors and windows. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 131 They crowd his Levees, and support his Throne. View more context for this quotation 1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V III. viii. 119 A court crouded with armed men. 1883 Daily News 30 Oct. 5/3 The trains were crowded by Exhibition visitors. 1884 R. W. Church Bacon i. 20 The servile and insincere flatterers..who crowded the antechambers of the great Queen. c. To press upon or beset (a person or place) as a crowd does, to surround, encumber, incommode by pressure of numbers, to crowd upon; also to occupy or encumber with a multitude of things. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > crowd together > crowd upon thringc1000 pressc1450 throng1534 flock1609 crowd1614 scrouge1755 the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up (space or a place) [verb (transitive)] > fill > to obstruction cumberc1394 encumberc1400 cloy1548 pester1548 accumberc1571 clog1586 to take up1587 lumber1642 over-clog1660 crowd1741 jama1865 1614 W. B. in tr. Philosophers Banquet (ed. 2) To Rdr. sig. A2^v Resort shall croud him wheresoere he dwell. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 113 The Men..crowd the chearful Fire. View more context for this quotation 1712 G. Granville Poems 93 Why will vain Courtiers toil, And crowd a vainer Monarch for a Smile? 1741 S. Johnson tr. B. Fontenelle Life Morin in Gentleman's Mag. July 377 A Man of this Temper was not crouded with Salutations. 1783 S. Johnson Lett. to Mrs. Thrale 27 Dec. I am crowded with visits. 1851 J. J. Hooper Widow Rugby's Husband 128 Dad drat my upper leather ef any man shall crowd my feeling's that way. 1872 ‘M. Twain’ Sketches 322 You ought to respect their little prejudices..and put up with their little foibles, until they get to crowding you too much. 1897 ‘M. Twain’ Following Equator xlvii. 441 They crowded him so that he had to give himself up. 1908 E. J. Banfield Confessions of Beachcomber i. i. 36 Get away from this. Don't crowd a fellow. Go to a rock of your own. 1911 A. M. Simons Social Forces Amer. Hist. 50 Holland was crowding Spain for first place in the commercial world. 1933 P. Godfrey Back-stage iii. 40 ‘Crowding’ and ‘upstaging’ are tricks of the selfish actor. To ‘crowd’ is to stand just close enough to another actor to prevent his making any gesture freely. 1963 ‘J. le Carré’ Spy who came in from Cold vi. 44 They crowded him in the dinner queue. Crowding is a prison ritual akin to the eighteenth-century practice of jostling. It has the virtue of an apparent accident, in which the prisoner's mess tin is upturned, and its contents spilt on his uniform. †d. Said of things: To press upon (one another) in a crowd. Obsolete exc. dialect.And so in U.S. (F. Hall). ΚΠ 1653 R. Austen Treat. Fruit-trees 62 Frettings, & gallings, that happens to Trees that brush, and croud one upon another. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Crowd v., to push, shove or press close. To the word, in its common acceptation, number seems necessary. With us, one individual can crowd another. e. U.S. colloquial. ‘To urge; to press by solicitation; to dun’ (Webster 1828). ΚΠ 1853 B. Young Jrnl. Disc. 5 Dec. (1854) 340/1 [I have never] distressed a man for what he owes me, or crowded any person in the least. f. to crowd the mourners: to exercise undue pressure; to push or hurry in an unseemly manner. U.S. colloquial. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > persuade [verb (intransitive)] > pressurize to put (also keep) the screw (also screws) on1659 to crowd the mourners1842 to bring pressure to bear1853 to put (also bring, exert) pressure on1853 pressure1922 to be on someone's wheel1941 to twist (someone's) arm1953 1842 Spirit of Times XII. 426 In the second mile, however, Fashion commenced ‘crowding the mourners’ by brushing down both straight sides. 1868 Congr. Globe 19 Feb. 1263/3 [Such an argument as] this is ‘crowding the mourners’. 1904 W. H. Smith Promoters xix. 282 I don't want to crowd the mourners at your end of the line. 1923 Dial. Notes 5 205 Keep ca'm now, an' don't crowd the mourners. g. To approach (a specified age) closely; to verge on. U.S. colloquial. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [verb (transitive)] > approach an age to go on ——1567 touch1851 push1869 crowd1943 squeeze1976 1943 Newsweek 22 Nov. 52 Reynolds, now crowding 60, would disclose no plans last week. 1960 Guardian 5 May 9/6 Groucho is crowding 70, though not very hard. 1961 F. Crane Reluctant Sleuth iv. 33 Bobo's maybe twenty-five. George is crowding sixty. 1969 Guardian 18 Aug. 9/6 Mae West..confessed to ‘crowding sixty’. 8. crowd out: to push or force out by pressure of a crowd (obsolete); to exclude by crowding, or because the crowd is more than the space can hold. Also with off, up. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > be on the outside of [verb (transitive)] > keep or shut out > by crowding crowd out1652 1652 D. Osborne Lett. (1888) 30 'Tis very possible the next new experiment may crowd me out again. 1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth i. viii. 103 According as it [sc. the sea] can make its way into all those Subterraneous Cavities, and crowd the Air out of them. 1841–44 R. W. Emerson Over-soul in Wks. (1906) I. 111 [The] cuckoo Crowds every egg out of the nest. 1881 Amer. Naturalist 15 31 The yellow catkins were actually crowding off the leaves. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. lxxiv. 615 They crowd out better men. 1889 Morning Post 24 June 2/1 Works sent to the Royal Academy and crowded out. 1901 S. Merwin & H. K. Webster Calumet ‘K’ vi. 108 It takes a pretty lively man to crowd me off the end of a wire. 1910 Springfield Weekly Republ. 6 Jan. 1 The price of cotton is being crowded up higher than conditions of supply and demand warrant. 9. Nautical. to crowd sail: to hoist an unusual number of sails on a ship; to carry a press of sail for the purpose of speed.The phrase appears to be derived from sense 2 by confusion or association with the common modern sense. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > support (an amount of) sail [verb (intransitive)] > spread (more) sail > make all possible sail to pack on1562 to crowd sail1687 to press (on) sail (also canvas)1750 crack1824 1687 London Gaz. No. 2251/4 They crowded all the Sail they could possible make after us. 1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 112 In crowding Sail to come up with her. 1844 W. H. Maxwell Wanderings in Highlands & Islands I. xiii. 227 Canvass was crowded on the Clorinde. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † crowdv.² Forms: Also croud. Etymology: < crowd n.¹ Obsolete. intransitive. To play the crowd; to fiddle. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing stringed instrument > play stringed instrument [verb (intransitive)] > play fiddle fiddle1377 crowd1589 scrape1599 to jig it1808 rasp1842 tweetle1912 1589 G. Peele Eglogue Gratulatorie 21 Thou art too crank, and crowdest all too high. a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Old Law (1656) v. 69 Fidlers crowd on, crowd on. 1693 T. Southerne Maids Last Prayer iv. iii The Knight crowds most splendidly. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † crowdv.³ Forms: Also 1700s croud. Etymology: Compare crood v., crout v. Obsolete. intransitive. To crow, as a cock. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > hen or cock > [verb (intransitive)] > crow (of cock) gredec897 singc950 crowc1000 cock-a-doodle-doo1596 crowd1753 chanticleer1810 1753 Extracts Trial J. Stewart in Scots Mag. Aug. 401/1 The black cocks were crouding. 1780 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle in J. Dodsley Coll. Old Plays (ed. 2) ii. ii. 31 Her cock with the yelow legs, that nightly crowded so just? This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021). > see also also refers to : † crowd-comb. form < n.¹a1310n.²1399n.³1567v.¹937v.²1589v.³1753 see also
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† crowdn.1

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crowdv.1

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> see also

† crowdn.¹

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crowdn.³

crowdv.¹

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† crowdv.³