cytosinen.

Brit.

/ˈsʌɪtə(ʊ)siːn/, U.S.

/ˈsaɪdəˌsin/

Forms: 1800s– cytosin, 1800s– cytosine.

Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Cytosin.

Etymology: < German Cytosin (A. Kossel and A. Neumann 1894, in Berichte der Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 27 2219), apparently irregularly < ancient Greek κύτος (see cyto- comb. form) + German -in -ine suffix⁵.

Biochemistry.

A crystalline pyrimidine derivative, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, which is one of the five main bases occurring in nucleic acids, and pairs with the purine base guanine in double-stranded DNA.Formula: C₄H₅N₃O.

ΚΠ

1894 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 66 i. 631 Hydrolysis of nucleïc acids... Cytosine, C₂₁H₃₀N₁₆O₄ + 5H₂O, is precipitated.

1896 Boston Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 20 Aug. 187/2 If the nucleic acid separated from the cells of the thymus gland be boiled with dilute sulphuric acid it yields a large amount of a peculiar nitrogenous base called adenin, with some guanin and the new base, cytosin.

1908 Science 14 Feb. 250/2 Regarding the cytosine, it is not yet clear whether this substance is a primary component of nucleic acid or a secondary decomposition product of the purine bases.

1922 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 94 110 Quite inert as oxygen acceptors are..the pyrimidin bases uracil, thymin and cytosin.

1954 New Biol. 16 15 In desoxyribose nucleic acid the purine is either adenine or guanine, the pyrimidine either cytosine or thymine.

1988 J. D. Barrow & F. J. Tipler Anthropic Cosmol. Princ. (rev. ed.) viii. 549 The purines adenine and guanine, and the pyrimidines cytosine, uracil, and thymine, which are the bases of nucleic acids, are ring compounds with two nitrogen atoms per ring.

2006 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 11 May 12/4 A molecule of DNA is made up of two long strands of chemical building blocks called nucleotides, each containing one of four bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, or cytosine, which are abbreviated A, T, G, and C.

Compounds

cytosine arabinoside n. a nucleoside composed of cytosine and arabinose, C₉H₁₃N₃O₅, which is an inhibitor of DNA synthesis and is used as an antineoplastic drug, esp. in the treatment of leukaemias.

ΚΠ

1961 Federation Proc. (Federation Amer. Soc. Exper. Biol.) 20 357/2 During the growth of the cells, cytosine arabinoside was deaminated to uracil arabinoside and further split to uracil.

1973 R. G. Krueger et al. Introd. Microbiol. xx. 542/2 Cytosine arabinoside..has also been found to inhibit the multiplication of DNA viruses by interfering with DNA synthesis.

2007 Leukemia 21 2399 Cytosine arabinoside (araC), which also generates oxidative stress but does not affect the ATP pool, showed synergism with Aplidin in our leukemia and lymphoma models in vitro and in vivo.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	cytosine
释义	cytosinen. Brit. /ˈsʌɪtə(ʊ)siːn/, U.S. /ˈsaɪdəˌsin/ Forms: 1800s– cytosin, 1800s– cytosine. Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Cytosin. Etymology: < German Cytosin (A. Kossel and A. Neumann 1894, in Berichte der Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 27 2219), apparently irregularly < ancient Greek κύτος (see cyto- comb. form) + German -in -ine suffix⁵. Biochemistry. A crystalline pyrimidine derivative, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, which is one of the five main bases occurring in nucleic acids, and pairs with the purine base guanine in double-stranded DNA.Formula: C₄H₅N₃O. ΚΠ 1894 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 66 i. 631 Hydrolysis of nucleïc acids... Cytosine, C₂₁H₃₀N₁₆O₄ + 5H₂O, is precipitated. 1896 Boston Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 20 Aug. 187/2 If the nucleic acid separated from the cells of the thymus gland be boiled with dilute sulphuric acid it yields a large amount of a peculiar nitrogenous base called adenin, with some guanin and the new base, cytosin. 1908 Science 14 Feb. 250/2 Regarding the cytosine, it is not yet clear whether this substance is a primary component of nucleic acid or a secondary decomposition product of the purine bases. 1922 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 94 110 Quite inert as oxygen acceptors are..the pyrimidin bases uracil, thymin and cytosin. 1954 New Biol. 16 15 In desoxyribose nucleic acid the purine is either adenine or guanine, the pyrimidine either cytosine or thymine. 1988 J. D. Barrow & F. J. Tipler Anthropic Cosmol. Princ. (rev. ed.) viii. 549 The purines adenine and guanine, and the pyrimidines cytosine, uracil, and thymine, which are the bases of nucleic acids, are ring compounds with two nitrogen atoms per ring. 2006 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 11 May 12/4 A molecule of DNA is made up of two long strands of chemical building blocks called nucleotides, each containing one of four bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, or cytosine, which are abbreviated A, T, G, and C. Compounds cytosine arabinoside n. a nucleoside composed of cytosine and arabinose, C₉H₁₃N₃O₅, which is an inhibitor of DNA synthesis and is used as an antineoplastic drug, esp. in the treatment of leukaemias. ΚΠ 1961 Federation Proc. (Federation Amer. Soc. Exper. Biol.) 20 357/2 During the growth of the cells, cytosine arabinoside was deaminated to uracil arabinoside and further split to uracil. 1973 R. G. Krueger et al. Introd. Microbiol. xx. 542/2 Cytosine arabinoside..has also been found to inhibit the multiplication of DNA viruses by interfering with DNA synthesis. 2007 Leukemia 21 2399 Cytosine arabinoside (araC), which also generates oxidative stress but does not affect the ATP pool, showed synergism with Aplidin in our leukemia and lymphoma models in vitro and in vivo. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1894
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