† crouchn.¹

Forms: Old English crúc, Middle English cruche, Middle English crouche, crowch(e.

Etymology: Early Middle English cruche, apparently < Old English crúc, < Latin crux, crucis cross. Old English crúc is known to occur once c1000 in sense ‘sign of the cross’: its history presents some difficulties. The palatalization of the final ć (whence 12th cent. crūche) suggests that it was a word of early adoption which had undergone the usual phonetic change, as in circe, church. But in this case the vowel would have remained short, as in pic, pitch, and examples would surely have occurred. The probability is that it is a late learned adaptation of Latin cruci-, as pronounced by Italians or other Romanic people with c as tch, and lengthened ū: compare Italian croce. See Pogatscher §160 (1888). Compare also Old Saxon crûci, Old High German crûci, crûzi, modern German kreuz, and their allied forms, where we have the long ū, and c represented by ts as in Old French cruiz. (Some have thought Middle English cruche to be of French dialect origin: compare Bearnese croutz cross).

Obsolete.

= cross n., in its various early senses: the holy cross, or a representation or figure of it; the sign of the cross; a heraldic cross; the cross on a coin, a coin marked with a cross.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > other practices > [noun] > sign of the cross

God's tokenOE

rood-tokenOE

crouchc1000

crossa1225

sign of the (holy) cross (also rood, etc.)c1300

taua1475

society > faith > artefacts > symbol (general) > Christian symbols or images > [noun] > cross > model or figure of

crouchc1000

crossc1275

beam1720

society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > biblical events > [noun] > crucifixion > instruments of crucifixion > the cross

roodOE

beamOE

rood-treeOE

treeOE

crouchc1000

holy roodOE

crossc1275

Holy crossc1290

gibbetc1450

cross patif1543

society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > symbolizing > [noun] > a symbol > specific symbols > cross

crouchc1000

tauOE

roodOE

cross?c1225

society > faith > artefacts > symbol (general) > Christian symbols or images > [noun] > cross > figure or representation of

roodOE

cross?c1225

crouch1389

signacle1440

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > obverse or reverse of coin > device stamped on > specific

crossc1330

crouch1393

about-writingc1449

half-facea1549

legend1611

mill-rind1642

graining1664

adminicles1728

tressure1745

short-cross1870

long cross1904

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > a coin

minteOE

crossc1330

coinc1386

cross and (or) pilea1393

penny1394

croucha1420

penny1427

piece1472

metal1485

piecec1540

stamp1594

quinyie1596

cross and pilea1625

numm1694

ducat1794

bean1811

dog1811

chinker1834

rock1837

pocket-burner1848

spondulicks1857

scale1872

chip1879

ridge1935

c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 288 Þonne nime he his [petra oleum] dæl, and wyrce cristes mæl on ælcre lime butan cruc on þæm heafde foran se sceal on balzame beon.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 95 Crepe to cruche on lange fridai.

a1225 Leg. Kath. 1171 Ne mahte..his heuenliche cunde..felen..sorhe vpo þe cruche.

c1315 Shoreham 15 Ine the foreheved the crouche a-set Felthe of fendes to bermi.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 41 The halȝede þinges, þe crouchen [Fr. les croiz], þe calices.

1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 54 In exaltacion of ye holy crouche.

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 172 Whose tunge nouther pill ne crouche may hire.

1393 Langl. P. Pl. C. viii. 167 Meny crouche on hus cloke and keyes of rome.

a1400 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 355 He deyd on crowche.

a1420 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 680 Loke whethir In this purs there be ony crosse or crouche.

?1449 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 236 Þe Fryday nexst after Crowchemesse Day.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

crouchn.²

Brit.

/kraʊtʃ/, U.S.

/kraʊtʃ/

Forms: Also 1500s crowche.

Etymology: < crouch v.¹

a. An act of crouching; a stooping, bending, or bowing low.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action of crouching or squatting > [noun] > act of

squat1584

crouch1597

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [noun] > manifestation of respect > bowing, kneeling, or curtseying > a bow or curtsey

crookc1330

beckc1375

obediencec1390

obeisancea1393

reverencec1400

inclinationa1425

courtesy1508

curtsy1513

honour1531

leg1548

duck1554

beisance1556

jouk1567

congee1577

crouch1597

humblesso1599

inclinabo1607

salaam1613

dop1616

scrape1628

bowa1656

visit-leg1673

couchee1691

dip1792

bob1825

1597 J. Lyly Woman in Moone ii. i Thou didst not honor me with kneele and crowche.

a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) ii. i. 83 The reverence, respect, the crouches, cringes.

1809 T. Campbell Gertrude of Wyoming iii. xiv Nor cougar's crouch I fear'd.

1889 Adm. Maxse in Pall Mall Gaz. 29 Jan. 1 Public Opinion, always on the crouch..in order to spring erect.

b. Athletics. A method of starting in sprint races in which the runner crouches down on all fours. In full crouch start.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > racing on foot > [noun] > actions

knee-action1868

crouching1904

crouch start1913

1913 S. A. Mussabini Compl. Athletic Trainer 196 The old-fashioned stand-up position enabled the runners to keep ‘set’ on their marks for a very much longer time than the present-day straining ‘crouch’ will let them do.

1913 S. A. Mussabini Compl. Athletic Trainer 217 Good level running from the modern ‘crouch’ start.

1931 F. A. M. Webster Athletes in Action 17 No matter what type of race one is competing in, provided that it calls for a crouch start, the first consideration must be that of generating immediate momentum.

1931 F. A. M. Webster Athletes in Action 81 The start is made in the normal ‘Crouch’ position used by sprinters.

1956 H. Abrahams Olympic Games Bk. Pl. facing p. 16 (caption) Start of the 100 metres final. T. E. Burke (U.S.A.)..has already adopted the ‘crouch’ start.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

crouchv.¹

Brit.

/kraʊtʃ/, U.S.

/kraʊtʃ/

Forms: Middle English cruche(n, crouchen, Middle English–1500s crouche, Middle English–1600s croche, 1500s–1600s crowch(e, crooch(e, 1500s crootche, croutche, 1500s– crouch.

Etymology: First known in end of 14th cent.; origin doubtful. Generally identified with crouk v.; but (1) crouke and cruche come together as distinct words in c1394² at sense 1; (2) there is no assignable reason for the palatalization of the k in crouk; compare the phonetic history of Old English brúcan, dúcan, lúcan, etc.; (3) crouch is palatalized in all English dialects, Scots /krutʃ/, West Yorkshire /kraːtʃ/ (both meaning Middle English ū). It is indeed impossible for a word in -ouch to be regularly derived < Old English, since the same cause that palatalized the c in -úc would necessarily make umlaut and give -ýc-, Middle English -ych, -ich. There was however an Old French crochir to become hooked or crooked, of which Godefroy has a single example, said of the shoulders ‘a fet..les espaules crochir.’ On the analogy of pouch, avouch, etc., this might give English crouch, but the lateness of the word is still surprising.

1. intransitive. To stoop or bend low with general compression of the body, as in stooping for shelter, in fear, or in submission; to cower with the limbs bent. Formerly often applied to the act of bowing low in reverence or deference. Now said also of the depressed and constrained posture assumed by a beast in fear or submission, or in order to make a spring. (To cower concerns chiefly the head and shoulders: to crouch affects the body as a whole.)

ΘΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action of crouching or squatting > crouch or squat [verb (intransitive)]

ruck?c1225

cowerc1300

crouchc1394

couch?a1400

hurklea1400

quatc1425

squat1573

squat1609

thigh1611

swat1615

hunker1720

lower1720

squattle1786

croodle1788

scrooch1844

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > respect or show respect [verb (intransitive)] > bow, kneel, or curtsey

loutc825

abowOE

bowa1000

kneel?a1000

kneec1000

crookc1320

to bow the knee1382

inclinec1390

crouchc1394

croukc1394

coucha1500

plya1500

to make or do courtesy1508

beck1535

to make a (long, low, etc.) leg1548

curtsya1556

dopc1557

binge1562

jouk1567

beckon1578

benda1586

humblea1592

vaila1593

to scrape a leg1602

congee1606

to give the stoop1623

leg1628

scrape1645

to drop a curtsy1694

salaam1698

boba1794

dip1818

to make (also perform) a cheese1834

c1394 P. Pl. Crede 302 Lordes loueth hem well, for þei so lowe crouchen.

c1394 P. Pl. Crede 751 Kniȝtes croukeþ hem to & crucheþ full lowe.

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. dii*^v The King crochit with croune cumly and cleir.]

1548 E. Gest Treat. againste Masse sig. Hvii^v Without ether crouching or kneling.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 322 b Croochyng and kneelyng to the Crucifixe.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Tapir..to crooch, lurke, squat, or ducke vnder.

1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures 29 We sat crouching for the space of three whole days upon this rock.

1709 J. Addison Tatler No. 161. ⁋5 A Couple of tame Lions lay crouching at her Feet.

1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful III. ii. 31 He crouched behind a lilac bush.

1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge vi. 268 Crouching, like a cat in dark corners.

1873 W. Black Princess of Thule vii. 106 Sheila crouched into her father's side for shelter.

2. To bow or bend humbly or servilely; to cringe submissively or fawningly. Chiefly figurative.

ΘΠ

the mind > emotion > humility > servility > be servile [verb (intransitive)]

fawnc1325

crouch1528

jouk1573

crawl1576

creep1581

spaniel1599

grovel1605

spanielize1641

cringec1660

to lick the ground1667

truckle1680

to kiss (a person's) arse, behind, bum1705

toad-eat1766

snool1786

to eat (any one's) toads1788

kowtow1826

sidle1828

toady1861

to knock head1876

ass-lick1937

the mind > emotion > humility > servility > be servile [verb (intransitive)] > physically

crouch1528

to kiss (a person's) shoec1535

binge1562

cringec1604

to crinkle in the hams1607

1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe sig. d iij But they are constrayned to croutche..As it were unto an Emproure.

1577 M. Hanmer tr. Socrates Scholasticus iv. xxviii, in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. 339 They crooched vnto the Romaines, they protested loyaltie and subiection.

1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. G2^v He must faune like a spaniell, crouch like a Jew.

1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 46 They are croched to, and feared of all men.

1779 J. Moore View Society & Manners France (1789) I. xliv. 375 The free spirit must crouch to the slave in office.

1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. vi. 125 I crouch to no one—obey no one.

a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1869) III. iii. 126 They who crouch to those who are above them always trample on those who are below them.

3. transitive. To bow or bend low (the knee, etc.): often with implication of cringing.

ΘΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > bend [verb (transitive)]

bowa1000

crouch1705

1705 London Gaz. No. 4149/4 [She] crouches her hind Fetterlock Joynts when she stands still.

1816 S. T. Coleridge Christabel ii. 41 She..couch'd her head upon her breast.

1817 T. Moore Lalla Rookh 207 'Twas not for him to crouch the knee Tamely to Moslem tyranny.

1854 W. S. Landor Lett. Amer. 26 How long shall a hundred millions of our fellow-creatures crouch their backs before him?

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† crouchv.²

Forms: Also Middle English crowche, 1600s cruch.

Etymology: < crouch n.¹: compare cross v.

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To cross; to sign with a cross.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (transitive)] > make the sign of the cross > make the sign of the cross on

saina900

blessc950

markOE

croucha1225

croise?c1225

signc1300

crossc1430

bemark1544

becross1565

a1225 Leg. Kath. 728 Heo wið Cristes cros Cruchede hire ouer al.

c1386 G. Chaucer Miller's Tale 293 I crowche the from elues and from wightes.

c1386 G. Chaucer Merch. T. 463 And crouched hem, and bad God schuld hem blesse.

2. To cross with lines, etc. rare.

ΚΠ

a1653 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 125 Bred greefe hath cruch't our cheekes with water furrowes.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

n.¹c1000

n.²1597

v.¹c1394

v.²a1225

单词	crouch
释义	† crouchn.¹ Forms: Old English crúc, Middle English cruche, Middle English crouche, crowch(e. Etymology: Early Middle English cruche, apparently < Old English crúc, < Latin crux, crucis cross. Old English crúc is known to occur once c1000 in sense ‘sign of the cross’: its history presents some difficulties. The palatalization of the final ć (whence 12th cent. crūche) suggests that it was a word of early adoption which had undergone the usual phonetic change, as in circe, church. But in this case the vowel would have remained short, as in pic, pitch, and examples would surely have occurred. The probability is that it is a late learned adaptation of Latin cruci-, as pronounced by Italians or other Romanic people with c as tch, and lengthened ū: compare Italian croce. See Pogatscher §160 (1888). Compare also Old Saxon crûci, Old High German crûci, crûzi, modern German kreuz, and their allied forms, where we have the long ū, and c represented by ts as in Old French cruiz. (Some have thought Middle English cruche to be of French dialect origin: compare Bearnese croutz cross). Obsolete. = cross n., in its various early senses: the holy cross, or a representation or figure of it; the sign of the cross; a heraldic cross; the cross on a coin, a coin marked with a cross. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > other practices > [noun] > sign of the cross God's tokenOE rood-tokenOE crouchc1000 crossa1225 sign of the (holy) cross (also rood, etc.)c1300 taua1475 society > faith > artefacts > symbol (general) > Christian symbols or images > [noun] > cross > model or figure of crouchc1000 crossc1275 beam1720 society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > biblical events > [noun] > crucifixion > instruments of crucifixion > the cross roodOE beamOE rood-treeOE treeOE crouchc1000 holy roodOE crossc1275 Holy crossc1290 gibbetc1450 cross patif1543 society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > symbolizing > [noun] > a symbol > specific symbols > cross crouchc1000 tauOE roodOE cross?c1225 society > faith > artefacts > symbol (general) > Christian symbols or images > [noun] > cross > figure or representation of roodOE cross?c1225 crouch1389 signacle1440 society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > obverse or reverse of coin > device stamped on > specific crossc1330 crouch1393 about-writingc1449 half-facea1549 legend1611 mill-rind1642 graining1664 adminicles1728 tressure1745 short-cross1870 long cross1904 society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > a coin minteOE minteOE crossc1330 coinc1386 cross and (or) pilea1393 penny1394 croucha1420 penny1427 piece1472 metal1485 piecec1540 stamp1594 quinyie1596 cross and pilea1625 numm1694 ducat1794 bean1811 dog1811 chinker1834 rock1837 pocket-burner1848 spondulicks1857 scale1872 chip1879 ridge1935 c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 288 Þonne nime he his [petra oleum] dæl, and wyrce cristes mæl on ælcre lime butan cruc on þæm heafde foran se sceal on balzame beon. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 95 Crepe to cruche on lange fridai. a1225 Leg. Kath. 1171 Ne mahte..his heuenliche cunde..felen..sorhe vpo þe cruche. c1315 Shoreham 15 Ine the foreheved the crouche a-set Felthe of fendes to bermi. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 41 The halȝede þinges, þe crouchen [Fr. les croiz], þe calices. 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 54 In exaltacion of ye holy crouche. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 172 Whose tunge nouther pill ne crouche may hire. 1393 Langl. P. Pl. C. viii. 167 Meny crouche on hus cloke and keyes of rome. a1400 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 355 He deyd on crowche. a1420 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 680 Loke whethir In this purs there be ony crosse or crouche. ?1449 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 236 Þe Fryday nexst after Crowchemesse Day. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2021). crouchn.² Brit. /kraʊtʃ/, U.S. /kraʊtʃ/ Forms: Also 1500s crowche. Etymology: < crouch v.¹ a. An act of crouching; a stooping, bending, or bowing low. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action of crouching or squatting > [noun] > act of squat1584 crouch1597 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [noun] > manifestation of respect > bowing, kneeling, or curtseying > a bow or curtsey crookc1330 beckc1375 obediencec1390 obeisancea1393 reverencec1400 inclinationa1425 courtesy1508 curtsy1513 honour1531 leg1548 duck1554 beisance1556 jouk1567 congee1577 crouch1597 humblesso1599 inclinabo1607 salaam1613 dop1616 scrape1628 bowa1656 visit-leg1673 couchee1691 dip1792 bob1825 1597 J. Lyly Woman in Moone ii. i Thou didst not honor me with kneele and crowche. a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) ii. i. 83 The reverence, respect, the crouches, cringes. 1809 T. Campbell Gertrude of Wyoming iii. xiv Nor cougar's crouch I fear'd. 1889 Adm. Maxse in Pall Mall Gaz. 29 Jan. 1 Public Opinion, always on the crouch..in order to spring erect. b. Athletics. A method of starting in sprint races in which the runner crouches down on all fours. In full crouch start. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > racing on foot > [noun] > actions knee-action1868 crouching1904 crouch start1913 1913 S. A. Mussabini Compl. Athletic Trainer 196 The old-fashioned stand-up position enabled the runners to keep ‘set’ on their marks for a very much longer time than the present-day straining ‘crouch’ will let them do. 1913 S. A. Mussabini Compl. Athletic Trainer 217 Good level running from the modern ‘crouch’ start. 1931 F. A. M. Webster Athletes in Action 17 No matter what type of race one is competing in, provided that it calls for a crouch start, the first consideration must be that of generating immediate momentum. 1931 F. A. M. Webster Athletes in Action 81 The start is made in the normal ‘Crouch’ position used by sprinters. 1956 H. Abrahams Olympic Games Bk. Pl. facing p. 16 (caption) Start of the 100 metres final. T. E. Burke (U.S.A.)..has already adopted the ‘crouch’ start. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). crouchv.¹ Brit. /kraʊtʃ/, U.S. /kraʊtʃ/ Forms: Middle English cruche(n, crouchen, Middle English–1500s crouche, Middle English–1600s croche, 1500s–1600s crowch(e, crooch(e, 1500s crootche, croutche, 1500s– crouch. Etymology: First known in end of 14th cent.; origin doubtful. Generally identified with crouk v.; but (1) crouke and cruche come together as distinct words in c1394² at sense 1; (2) there is no assignable reason for the palatalization of the k in crouk; compare the phonetic history of Old English brúcan, dúcan, lúcan, etc.; (3) crouch is palatalized in all English dialects, Scots /krutʃ/, West Yorkshire /kraːtʃ/ (both meaning Middle English ū). It is indeed impossible for a word in -ouch to be regularly derived < Old English, since the same cause that palatalized the c in -úc would necessarily make umlaut and give -ýc-, Middle English -ych, -ich. There was however an Old French crochir to become hooked or crooked, of which Godefroy has a single example, said of the shoulders ‘a fet..les espaules crochir.’ On the analogy of pouch, avouch, etc., this might give English crouch, but the lateness of the word is still surprising. 1. intransitive. To stoop or bend low with general compression of the body, as in stooping for shelter, in fear, or in submission; to cower with the limbs bent. Formerly often applied to the act of bowing low in reverence or deference. Now said also of the depressed and constrained posture assumed by a beast in fear or submission, or in order to make a spring. (To cower concerns chiefly the head and shoulders: to crouch affects the body as a whole.) ΘΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action of crouching or squatting > crouch or squat [verb (intransitive)] ruck?c1225 cowerc1300 crouchc1394 couch?a1400 hurklea1400 quatc1425 squat1573 squat1609 thigh1611 swat1615 hunker1720 lower1720 squattle1786 croodle1788 scrooch1844 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > respect or show respect [verb (intransitive)] > bow, kneel, or curtsey loutc825 abowOE bowa1000 kneel?a1000 kneec1000 crookc1320 to bow the knee1382 inclinec1390 crouchc1394 croukc1394 coucha1500 plya1500 to make or do courtesy1508 beck1535 to make a (long, low, etc.) leg1548 curtsya1556 dopc1557 binge1562 jouk1567 beckon1578 benda1586 humblea1592 vaila1593 to scrape a leg1602 congee1606 to give the stoop1623 leg1628 scrape1645 to drop a curtsy1694 salaam1698 boba1794 dip1818 to make (also perform) a cheese1834 c1394 P. Pl. Crede 302 Lordes loueth hem well, for þei so lowe crouchen. c1394 P. Pl. Crede 751 Kniȝtes croukeþ hem to & crucheþ full lowe. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. dii^v The King crochit with croune cumly and cleir.] 1548 E. Gest Treat. againste Masse* sig. Hvii^v Without ether crouching or kneling. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 322 b Croochyng and kneelyng to the Crucifixe. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Tapir..to crooch, lurke, squat, or ducke vnder. 1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures 29 We sat crouching for the space of three whole days upon this rock. 1709 J. Addison Tatler No. 161. ⁋5 A Couple of tame Lions lay crouching at her Feet. 1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful III. ii. 31 He crouched behind a lilac bush. 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge vi. 268 Crouching, like a cat in dark corners. 1873 W. Black Princess of Thule vii. 106 Sheila crouched into her father's side for shelter. 2. To bow or bend humbly or servilely; to cringe submissively or fawningly. Chiefly figurative. ΘΠ the mind > emotion > humility > servility > be servile [verb (intransitive)] fawnc1325 crouch1528 jouk1573 crawl1576 creep1581 spaniel1599 grovel1605 spanielize1641 cringec1660 to lick the ground1667 truckle1680 to kiss (a person's) arse, behind, bum1705 toad-eat1766 snool1786 to eat (any one's) toads1788 kowtow1826 sidle1828 toady1861 to knock head1876 ass-lick1937 the mind > emotion > humility > servility > be servile [verb (intransitive)] > physically crouch1528 to kiss (a person's) shoec1535 binge1562 cringec1604 to crinkle in the hams1607 1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe sig. d iij But they are constrayned to croutche..As it were unto an Emproure. 1577 M. Hanmer tr. Socrates Scholasticus iv. xxviii, in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. 339 They crooched vnto the Romaines, they protested loyaltie and subiection. 1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. G2^v He must faune like a spaniell, crouch like a Jew. 1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 46 They are croched to, and feared of all men. 1779 J. Moore View Society & Manners France (1789) I. xliv. 375 The free spirit must crouch to the slave in office. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. vi. 125 I crouch to no one—obey no one. a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1869) III. iii. 126 They who crouch to those who are above them always trample on those who are below them. 3. transitive. To bow or bend low (the knee, etc.): often with implication of cringing. ΘΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > bend [verb (transitive)] bowa1000 crouch1705 1705 London Gaz. No. 4149/4 [She] crouches her hind Fetterlock Joynts when she stands still. 1816 S. T. Coleridge Christabel ii. 41 She..couch'd her head upon her breast. 1817 T. Moore Lalla Rookh 207 'Twas not for him to crouch the knee Tamely to Moslem tyranny. 1854 W. S. Landor Lett. Amer. 26 How long shall a hundred millions of our fellow-creatures crouch their backs before him? This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † crouchv.² Forms: Also Middle English crowche, 1600s cruch. Etymology: < crouch n.¹: compare cross v. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To cross; to sign with a cross. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (transitive)] > make the sign of the cross > make the sign of the cross on saina900 blessc950 markOE croucha1225 croise?c1225 signc1300 crossc1430 bemark1544 becross1565 a1225 Leg. Kath. 728 Heo wið Cristes cros Cruchede hire ouer al. c1386 G. Chaucer Miller's Tale 293 I crowche the from elues and from wightes. c1386 G. Chaucer Merch. T. 463 And crouched hem, and bad God schuld hem blesse. 2. To cross with lines, etc. rare. ΚΠ a1653 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 125 Bred greefe hath cruch't our cheekes with water furrowes. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.¹c1000n.²1597v.¹c1394v.²a1225
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