| 释义 |
academicn.adj. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin Achademicus, Acadēmicus; French academique. Etymology: In Old English < post-classical Latin Achademicus (see below); subsequently reborrowed < Middle French academique, achademique, French académique (adjective) of or relating to the Academy, the school of Plato and his followers (c1370), conforming to the principles of an academy of arts (1669 with reference to literature, 1751 with reference to painting), (noun) title of a work by Cicero (a1374; in plural Académiques ), philosopher of the Academy (a1464), philosopher in general (second half of the 16th cent.), member of a university or college (1579 in the passage translated in quot. 1581 at sense A. 3), member of the French Academy (a1674; the now usual term in this sense is académicien academician n.) and its etymon classical Latin Acadēmicus (in post-classical Latin also Achademicus) of the Academy, of Academic philosophy, dealing with or discussing the views of the Academy, (noun) philosopher of the Academy, in post-classical Latin also member of a university (from 16th cent. in British and continental sources) < Acadēmīa academy n. + -icus -ic suffix. Compare Catalan acadèmic , noun and adjective (1696), Spanish académico (c1400 as noun and adjective; 1490 in plural †achademicos in sense A. 2), Portuguese acadêmico , noun and adjective (15th cent.), Italian accademico (a1308 as noun and adjective, both earliest as †academico ); also Dutch academisch (1619), German akademisch , †academisch (1530), adjectives. Compare academy n.In α. forms after the Latin plural form; in Old English used with Latin case inflections (compare quot. lOE at sense A. 1). In sense A. 2 after classical Latin Acadēmica (neuter plural), title of a work by Cicero. With sense A. 5 compare slightly earlier academical n. 2. A. n.the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > ancient Greek philosophy > post-Socratic philosophy > [noun] > Platonism > adherent of lOE King Ælfred tr. St. Augustine (Vitell.) (1922) i. 21 Ða cwæð heo: ne ondredest ðu ðe nu Achaþemicos, ða uðwitan, ðe sædon þæt næfre nanwiht gewisses nære buton twæonunga, nu þu segst þæt ðe þæs nanwith ne tweonige? a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 367 (MED) Þe Achademici þat were left after Plato mevede doutes wel nygh of all þinges. ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius (BL Add. 10340) (1868) i. pr. i. l. 82 But ȝe wiþdrawen me þis man þat haþ ben norysched in studies or scoles of Eleaticis and of achademicis in grece. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden (Harl. 2261) (1871) III. 217 Men callede Achademici toke theire name of a towne callede Achademia longenge to Plato. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus ii. f. 237v He encurred the indignacion of Caesar, for that vndiscretely or harebrainlike he would nedes in any wyse bee reputed and taken for an Academique. 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye I. 9 Plato, Xenophon..and many other excellent personages, afterward called Academiks. 1642 Sir T. Browne 138 Though our first studies and junior endevours may stile us Peripateticks, Stoicks, or Academicks, yet I perceive the wisest heads prove at last, almost all Scepticks. 1671 J. Milton iv. 275 Mellifluous streams that water'd all the schools Of Academics old and new. View more context for this quotation 1728 E. Chambers (at cited word) The Academicks, in the later Ages, have taken the Name of Platonists. 1791 W. Anderson vii. 428 Lucullus had observed, that it was an absurdity in the Academics to say they followed probabilities, when they found no impediments to it. 1830 J. Mackintosh 17 His [sc. Cleanthes'] most formidable opponent, Arcesilaus the academic. 1881 J. Owen I. iv. 311 The Academics might have defined the material universe in the terms of Mill as an assemblage of ‘possibilities of sensation’. 1914 S. Angus (1915) iv. 116 The Academics rejected both the evidence of the senses and the intellect as guides. 1988 New Ser. 38 156 The Stoics and the sceptical Academics were the Epicurean's main professional rivals. 2008 P. Cary i. 8 His [sc. Augustine's] earliest extant writings..move on a conceptual landscape defined not by Platonism but by the Hellenistic schools, especially the Stoics and the Academics, whose teachings were conveyed to him mainly by Cicero. 1561 J. Dolman tr. Cicero ii. sig. I.iij Whatsoeuer was to be spoken in the defence of Plato & his secte, called Academia, we haue expressed in our .iiii. bookes entitled Academikes. 1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine vi. ii. 240 What Tully ment to handle in his Academikes, his thirteeneth Epistle of his first booke to Atticus openeth fully. 1693 J. Dryden in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Ep. Ded. p. xxvii Tully, in his Academicks, introduces Varro himself giving us some light concerning the Scope and Design of these Works. 1744 W. Guthrie tr. Cicero (title) The morals of Cicero. Containing,..II. His academics; or, conferences concerning the criterion of truth, and the fallibility of human judgment. 1782 J. Nichols 453 His valuable library was sold by auction, by Messrs Baker and Leigh, March 18–26, 1778; among which the following books were enriched with his MS. notes: Cicero's Academics, in French, by Durand, 1740. 1848 T. B. Macaulay Diary 23 Nov. in G. O. Trevelyan (1876) II. xii. 214 I can understand Cicero's Academics, and most of Plato. 1880 J. S. Reid tr. Cicero (title) Academics. 1962 71 575 Cicero's Academics gives only the bones of this controversy. 2001 9 27 Garin..identifies in Scala's ‘tematica tradizionale’ (an account of the sects derived from St. Augustine and Cicero's Academics, as well as Diogenes Laertius). ‘un motivo fortemente innovatore’. society > education > member of university > [noun] 1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo i. f. 22v Maister Frauncis Pugiella our Academike [Fr. nostre Academique; It. nostro Academico] (being no lesse skilled in the lawes, then pleasant in companie) tolde me [etc.]. 1587 A. Fleming et al. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1379/1 At hir being in Cambridge,..thus did an academike write in praise of the forenamed earle. 1611 T. Coryate sig. Kk8v All the men generally doe weare it both Citizens and Academicks. 1639 T. B. tr. J.-P. Camus Certain Moral Relations in S. Du Verger tr. J.-P. Camus 146 How many be there in great Cities, who under the name of Academicks, live only by these manuall sophistications, losing the bodie of true honour, while they follow the shaddow of false. 1697 J. Wallis 19 Would any Man now think, that the Boy must first be a Latinist, before he may be taken into the School? Or, the Academick must be a Philosopher, or Learned Man, before he may be admitted in the University? 1750 S. Johnson No. 29. ⁋13 The academick hopes to divert the ladies. a1794 E. Gibbon Memoirs in (1796) I. 32 The uniform habit of the academics, the square cap, and black gown. 1818 J. Keble Let. 29 Jan. in J. T. Coleridge (1869) I. v. 73 I thought at first it would be a very uncomfortable thing to me to give up my Cure, and become an Academic again; but I get more and more reconciled to it every day. You consider Tuition as a species of pastoral care, do you not? 1838 17 468 He annoyed tutors, proctors, et hoc genus omne;..but was, on the whole, a not indecorous young academic. 1865 5 Aug. 113/1 I attach peculiar importance to the testimony of Butler. He was the contemporary of Shakspere; and, as an academic, might be familiar with plays. 1900 26 July 295/1 He was no academic—had no scholarly regard for literary meum and tuum. 1920 25 Nov. 770/2 These two writers are not..‘Academics’..and there is plenty to ‘bite on’ in their criticisms. 1955 J. Wain p. xv The contributors are mainly either academics—men who draw salaries from Universities—..or..members of the ‘literary world’. 1976 J. Archer ii. 26 He had never been a brilliant scholar, and he envied the natural academics among his classmates. 2003 5 July (Guide Suppl.) 31/4 The King's Arms... It's long been a magnet for students and academics as well as ‘ordinary’ Oxford folk. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > learned person, scholar > [noun] > learned association > member of 1728 E. Chambers (at cited word) Academics, or rather Academists, is also used among us for the Members of the modern Academies, or instituted Societies of learned Persons. 1770 106/2 The Royal Academicks gave an entertainment at their house in Pall-Mall. 1806 E. Jerningham II. (ed. 9) 29 From him the Academics boast a name, He led the way, he smooth'd their path to fame. 1868 A. C. Swinburne in D. G. Rossetti & A. C. Swinburne ii. 43 Like Coriolanus, the painter [sc. Sandys] might say..it is his to banish the judges, his to reject the ‘Common cry’ of academics. 1983 17 June 3/5 In a letter to Mr Geraint Stanley Jones, controller of BBC Wales, the academics have asked him to drop the competition, which is due to be recorded in four week's time. the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > loose clothing > robe or gown > types of > academic robe > robes 1823 J. G. Lockhart I. ii. v. 291 Dressed in the full academics of a gentleman Commoner—one of the most graceful, certainly, of all European costumes. 1840 59 271 He..went out of college in what the members of the United Service call mufti, but members of the University beaver, which means, not in his academics—his cap and gown. 1859 G. A. Sala (1861) 419 Perhaps they are lounging here as Swells, not recognising their old uniforms and academics, now worn by sham Abraham men. 1902 Dec. 71 They brought a large ape out of the museum of Natural History, whose countenance was supposed to bear a ludicrous resemblance to the Doctor's features in repose, and set it in his cathedra, clothed in full academics. society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] > specific subjects 1898 M. B. Eddy 4 In academics and in religion it is patent that will is capable of use and of abuse, of right and wrong action, while God is incapable of evil. 1925 VIII. 106 Some schools condemn a child if he is good in the arts but lacking in academics, as if the fault of the poor academics resulted from good work in art. 1974 18 Apr. 4 b/1 ‘They must be good in academics as well as coordination,’ she said. 1991 6 Dec. 27/2 For 14 years he immersed himself in academics and was a fine achiever. 1994 Autumn 15/2 It was in academics that students found the training in literacy and math skills necessary to any profession. 2010 J. C. Wilson viii. 68 The guy who was first in academics was ninth overall, and his grades in both PT and military were worse than Phil's. B. adj.the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > ancient Greek philosophy > [adjective] > of Platonism > belonging to the Old Academy 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch 938 Written after the manner of the Academicke Philosophers. 1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine xi. xxvi. 429 I feare not the..Academike arguments..yt say, what if you er? 1694 F. Atterbury 20 The Analogy of some mystical Truths of Christianity to the Doctrine of Plato, is a yet a weaker plea. For This Motive is Calculated to touch but very few onely, the Philosophers of the Academic School. 1748 D. Hume x. 196 The Wise lend a very academic Faith to every Report which favours the Passion of the Reporter. 1759 E. Burke (ed. 2) Pref. p. ix Cicero, true as he was to the Academic philosophy. 1827 T. R. Jolliffe xx. 193 Suffer me, however, to remind you, that in the Academic philosophy there is a certain way of questioning and doubting, which, as Lord Shaftesbury remarks, ‘no-wise suits the genius of our age’. 1867 5 158 In despair of attaining to truth, he tended for a little to Academic scepticism, the probabilism of the New Academy. 1902 H. C. Butler x. 330 This is hardly the place to discuss the doctrines of the academic philosophy. It is enough to say that Plato insisted upon the non-reality of matter. 1969 C. L. Stough 6 The Academic philosophy underwent a gradual transformation under Plato's successors. 2003 R. H. Popkin ii. 31 Cardinal Sadoleto's answer to Academic scepticism is more a panegyric on the merits of ancient philosophy and human reason than an answer to the challenge. society > education > place of education > [adjective] > educational institution 1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo ii. sig. L7 Our Academike doctour in divinitie [Fr. Nostre Academique docteur en theologie; It. Il Reuerendo Maestro in Teologia, Frate Francesco Coconato nostro Academico]. a1592 R. Greene (1594) sig. Bv Maisters of our Academicke state, That rule in Oxford. 1598 Bp. J. Hall iv. vi. 48 Oh let me lead an Academicke life. 1633 G. Herbert 45 Thou often didst with Academick praise Melt and dissolve my rage. 1697 J. Edwards 53 He that will bespatter the Universities, and Academick Learning, and expunge the Chiefest Articles of Religion out of the Bible, will not stop at any thing. 1750 S. Johnson No. 163. ⁋4 Which my academick rudeness made me unable to repay. 1792 H. H. Brackenridge I. i. i. 11 He had the advantage of having had in early life, an academic education; but having never applied himself to any of the learned professions, he had lived the greater part of his life on a small farm. 1828 J. F. Cooper I. 274 To these relics of a former age, must be added the actual and flourishing establishment at the ‘Point’, which comprises a village of academic buildings, barracks, and other adjuncts. 1834 T. Carlyle i. iv. 10/1 It betokens in the Author a rusticity and academic seclusion. 1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe II. ii. i. 111 See, hitherward, your grateful scholar wending, Outgrown the academic rods of old. 1901 Aug. 334/1 The presentor reads a sketch of the candidate's academic life, and an outline of..his thesis, after which any member of the faculty may make enquiries of the candidate or the presentor. 1933 V. Brittain x. 517 Our ambitions were not academic, and our Seconds released us from the temptation to make them so. 1942 ‘N. Shute’ ii. 20 He spoke good, slightly academic French. 1955 B. Bettelheim (1964) ii. 114 He fully realized the value of academic achievement for him. For example, he told me, ‘You know, in class when I've a lot of work, I never get in trouble’. 1974 17 Sept. 6/3 He went on to justify the disruption of academic life during student campaigns, and said that mass action in support of student policies would go ahead. 1980 Mar. 108 Some of the papers that are planned for the forums sound like they will be forbiddingly academic to us laymen. 2001 S. Feirstein 162 The Society of the Sacred Heart..consisted of 10 academic buildings including Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart. 1751 May 219/1 I have yet mentioned only those immediate advantages, which every individual receives from an academic association. 1795 E. Jerningham v. 68 Miss Plin. Last night three minutes before twelve, I ascended the expecting couch. Mr. Fash. Very happy expression that! Miss Plin. I am glad you are pleased with it, the expecting couch, is in the manner and style of our academic society. 1822 II. 9/2 The academic society of sciences, arts, and belles lettres, of this place has long been incorporated; that of agriculture and commerce is comparatively recent. 1879 May 23 Each successively forced the heavy portals of Somerset House and Trafalgar-square to..admit them..to Academic rank. 1918 Jan. 12/1 At the present time the Guild had nearly five hundred academic members, i.e., Fellows and Associates. 1981 ‘M. Innes’ iv. 31 For of the Mullion household in its extended sense he is what an academic society would describe as a gremial member. 2004 (Nexis) 24 Nov. b7 Dr. Vane was a fellow of the Royal Society, Britain's preeminent academic society, and was knighted in 1984. society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [adjective] > qualities of works generally 1752 tr. E. F. Gersaint 90 An academic Figure of a Man sitting down and seen in Front. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre II. 316 In order to render the person itself of Cleopatra interesting, there is no occasion to represent her to yourself, as our Painters and Sculptors exhibit her, an academic figure destitute of expression. 1801 H. Fuseli I. ii. 95 The academic vigour the librated style of Annibale Carracci. 1859 T. J. Gullick & J. Timbs 313 When a painter introduces a figure wanting in repose or in its parts inharmonious..it is at once called ‘Academic’, or an ‘Academy Figure’. 1889 at Academic Figure of academic proportions, in painting, a figure of a little less than half the natural size, such as it is the custom for pupils to draw from the antique and from life..hence, an academic figure, composition, etc., is one which appears conventional or unspontaneous, and smacks of practice-work or adherence to formulas and traditions. 1923 R. Cortissoz ix. 111 They were almost afraid of nature, painting her with academic moderation, grooming her out of all knowledge. 1934 A. L. Haskell xv. 310 It did not take long for the new movement to become solidly and immovably academic. 1941 17 Jan. 51 As an artist he was never too revolutionary to be easily understood, yet never academic enough to be dull. 1961 22 Mar. 16/1 The figure-studies by Puvis are complacent and academic in the worst sense. 1997 M. Acton (2000) ii. 47 It is worth remembering that Picasso was a great draughtsman and master of the academic method of life drawing. 2004 5 Jan. 17/1 How have super-old-fashioned, alternately academic- and schlocky-looking figure paintings become the bee's knees in contemporary art? the mind > mental capacity > belief > speculation > confirmation of hypothesis, theory > [adjective] > as opposed to practical 1812 69 492 His erudition must be worked into the edifice, not exhibited in lumpish disconnection. He must preserve the epic form, without sliding into academic discussion. 1886 31 Mar. 7/2 This discussion partook of an academic character, for it was well understood that, whatever the result of the discussions might be, no practical step would be taken in the present Parliament. 1897 D. G. Hogarth i. 85 Since the references..to the Olynthian war are in the last degree meagre and vague, and those to Philip merely general, the Olynthiacs would possess for the historian only an academic interest. 1901 C. Eliot in (E. Afr.: 68/11) 30 Nov. 7 North of Mount Elgon..the frontier should proceed in a straight line.., but at present the point seems to be of purely academic interest, as we are not likely to extend our effective Administration to this district. 1929 H. G. Wells vi. §2. 198 All this discussion, Sirs, is—academic. The war has begun already. 1957 19 Nov. 11/2 If Russia's rockets can do what Mr. Khrushchev claims they can the blocking of American ports would surely be academic. 1977 June 92/3 They passed the required total of 26 for the academic loss of two wickets. 2002 A. Linson (2008) ii. 23 I assured Mamet that this meeting was merely academic. I had already explained to Mechanic the general drift of the idea, but he had insisted for purposes of protocol that we run it past Jacobson. society > education > learning > learner > qualities of learners > [adjective] > studious 1904 W. H. Rideing xvii. 189 Mary was looked on by her familiars as an academic girl in whom romance and sentiment were deficient. 1947 H. C. Barnard ii. 24 Thus both in bookish and non-bookish activities the pupil could obtain merit, and marks were credited to him; and the spur of competition was used to encourage the non-academic, as well as the academic, boy. 1956 (N.Y. Board of Educ.) Nov. 61 Why should an academic girl with I.Q. of 150,..get only 9 in test 4 and be just above or at the norm in the other tests? 1988 K. Osborne iii. 35 The best lessons he observed took place at all levels of the school and were not confined only to the most academic students. 2011 (Nexis) 8 Jan. John, a bright, academic boy from a tough estate. Compounds 1852 31 July 2 This week deserves indeed a white mark in the academic calendar. 1942 16 661/2 The timing of examinations and the posting of eligible lists, of necessity, do not follow the academic calendar. 2006 5 June 32/2 Although they would be hewing strictly to the English National Curriculum,..the academic calendar would conform to that of Spence or Collegiate. 1805 June 459/2 A splendid work, entitled, A Graphic and Descriptive Tour of the University of Oxford, is in considerable forwardness. It will comprehend general picturesque views, correct representations of all the principal public buildings,..and the academic costume. 1834 1 101 It is very fresh to walk about in academic costume with a stick in his hand. 1910 22 Dec. 259/1 Patterns for academic costume have been approved by the governing body. In each case the gown is as for the University of London B.A., of black silk or stuff, but with the forearm seam open, and without button, cord, or pleats. 1999 C. E. Odegaard 66 That academic costume has survived being worn by me on innumerable other occasions at dozens of universities. 1773 Jan. 65 He also tells us something..of the academic dress in those primitive days. 1854 J. Lorimer vi. 78 The adoption of an academic dress would also, we believe, contribute towards giving to the students a corporate feeling, and generating an esprit de corps. 1965 W. Golding 26 It is a fact that academics seldom wear academic dress. 2008 J. G. Batson xii. 186 As members of the university, women would wear caps and gowns to lectures, examinations, and academic functions, and in any university institution where males wore academic dress. society > education > teaching > teacher > [noun] > academic freedom society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > [noun] > academic freedom 1795 Dec. 619 For throwing a cheerful air of urbanity over subjects which too often create gloomy animosity, and for discussing questions with academic freedom rather than with dogmatic decision.] 1834 Oct. 224 So little has Holland..been convinced of the evil consequence of academic freedom, that it is has recently dispensed with the signature of the Confession of Dordrecht, to which all public teachers were hitherto obliged. 1879 Nov. 391 In English Universities, on the contrary, there is too little of academic freedom. There is not only guidance, but far too much of constant personal control. 1901 July 920/2 Every right-thinking man will stand firmly for academic freedom of thought. 1930 35 156 Academic Freedom... University instructors should have the greatest possible freedom in discussing their opinions with their students. 1958 17 Apr. 35/2 The critical study of the origins of modern science, the revaluation of the postulates of classical physics, and even a renewed threat to academic freedom of thought, have in our day conferred a heightened significance upon the historic figure of Galileo. 1963 9 Mar. 8/4 The Chancellor of the University of Natal..unveiled a plaque..to commemorate ‘the death of academic freedom’ through the imposition of racial segregation in South African universities. 1984 R. A. Boakes iii. 54/1 For students, academic freedom meant the opportunity to select lectures and courses and to transfer from one university to another. 2009 R. Curren in E. Englehardt et al. 192 Institutional neutrality is important to the preservation of academic freedom and protection of the public's interest in knowing the truth. the world > time > period > year > [noun] > of specific calendar society > education > educational administration > [noun] > session or term > academic year 1814 Oct. 222/2 Towards the close of every academic year, generally in the beginning of June, the professors propose exercises to each class. 1876 G. M. Hills 658 On Tuesday, the 11th of July, 1871, the closing exercises of the 25th academic year were held in Burlington College. 1932 103 An overseas application made..a few weeks before the beginning of the academic year has little or no prospect of success. 1971 28 Dec. 4 Every September boys and girls..return to school..to begin a new academic year. 2009 J. M. Newsome & C. P. Johnson in E. Connor iii. 45 In September 2005, the St. Catherine Public Serivice Librarians met to plan their traditional continuing education monthly sessions for the 2005-2006 academic year. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). <  n.adj.lOE |
