alizarinn.adj.

Brit.

/əˈlɪz(ə)rɪn/, U.S.

/əˈlɪzərən/

Forms: 1800s– alizarin, 1800s– alizarine (now rare).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French alizarine, alizarin.

Etymology: < French alizarine, †alizarin (P. J. Robiquet & J.-J. Colin 1826, in Jrnl. de pharm. 12 411) < alizari alizari n. + -ine -ine suffix⁵; compare -in suffix¹.

A. n.

1. Chemistry. An orange-red substance, 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, originally extracted from madder root (genus Rubia) and subsequently synthesized from anthracene.Chemical formula: C₁₄H₈O₄. Alizarin occurs naturally as a glucoside (ruberythric acid), and was the first vegetable dyestuff to be reproduced artificially.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic dyes > [noun] > colouring red

alizarin1827

santalin1833

orcein1838

purpurin1839

indin1841

isatin1845

roseine1859

aurin1869

Turkey red oil1879

phenosafranine1883

rhodamine1888

azaleine1889

phloxine1890

pyronin1895

primuline red1900

1827 New Eng. Farmer 19 Jan. 205/1 Messrs. Robiquet and Colin..designate under the name of alizarine the tinctorial matter in woad [sic].

1839 Penny Cycl. XIV. 261/1 The alizarin..sublimes, and concretes in long brilliant needles of a very fine red colour.

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 70 In 1869 Messrs. Graebe and Liebermann made the important discovery that alizarine might be produced artificially from anthracene, one of the products of coal-tar distillation.

1922 Gas Manuf., Distribution & Use (Brit. Commerc. Gas Assoc.) i. 28/2 Anthracene.—Used in the manufacture of alizarin.

1957 R. H. Thomson Naturally Occurring Quinones iv. 163 The position of the two hydroxyl groups was demonstrated later..by the fact that both alizarin and quinizarin can be oxidized to form purpurin (1:2:4-trihydroxyanthraquinone).

2001 P. Ball Bright Earth ix. 255 Most of the major classes of dye now in production—the azo dyes, the ‘anthraquinone’ dyes related to alizarin, and indigo—were already discovered by the beginning of the twentieth century.

2. Any of a series of dyes or pigments made from alizarin and its relatives; the colour of such a dye, esp. a deep red or crimson.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs

madderOE

grain1335

alkanet1343

Brazilc1386

crop-maddera1399

red-scarletc1400

alcanna?a1425

lac?c1425

madder root?c1450

incarnationa1475

jarecork1483

orchil1483

mull1507

orcanet1548

Bristol-red1551

red sanders1553

cochineal1582

safflower1583

chay1588

Pernambuco1595

red sanderswood1598

redwood1634

peach woodc1638

scarlet1653

mesteque1667

bow-dye1676

sylvester1697

corkir1703

gamene1703

orchilla1703

crap1721

saffranon1731

kino1788

Turkey red1789

lizary1791

granilla1812

munjeet1813

rubiate1835

orcein1838

purpurin1839

ruby wood1843

sassafrid1852

aal1853

pink salt1853

magenta1860

fuchsine1865

paeonin1865

safranine1868

corallin1873

marina1874

Magdala red1875

alizarin1878

eosin1879

Turkey red oil1879

roccelline1880

ponceau1885

amarant1888

phloxine1890

hypernic1897

Turkish red1900

Lithol red1930

1878 Sci. Amer. Suppl. 7 Sept. 2231/2 The new color may be useful along with the red and blue alizarins in substitution for dyes which require to be fixed with albumen.

1914 Mod. Painter Oct. 39/2 Another group of colors, not anilines, but a sort of first cousin thereto, are the alizarines.

1947 C. Cernuschi in Nation 1 Feb. 137/1 He [sc. Jackson Pollock] has now largely abandoned his customary black-and-whitish or gun-metal chiaroscuro for the higher scales, for alizarins, cream whites, cerulean blues, pinks, and sharp greens.

1966 J. Merrill Nights & Days 35 Colors seen By the hashish-eater—Ice-pink, alizarin, Pearl.

1985 New Yorker 18 Nov. 143/2 Merino-wool hoods in alizarin, Beauborg tints are $34.

1991 Artist Nov. 16/4 Transparent chalk filler/extender often used to fix lake colours such as alizarin.

2009 M. Don Ivington Diaries 57 ‘Nan of Painswick’ [is] a deep alizarin.

B. adj. (originally attributive)

Of the colour of alizarin; deep red or crimson. Cf. sense A. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [adjective] > deep red or crimson

blood-redeOE

purpleOE

bloodyOE

purpurine1300

sanguinea1382

tuly1398

crimsonc1400

murreyc1400

purpurec1400

sanguinolentc1450

cramoisy1480

ruby-redc1487

rubya1500

sanguineousc1520

sanguine-coloured1552

blood-coloured1567

rubine1576

purple-red1578

rubied?1594

incarnadine1605

Tyrian?1614

rubiousa1616

murrey-coloured1657

haematine1658

vinaceous1688

carmine1737

claret-coloured1779

ensanguined1785

peony1810

sanguinaceous1816

gory1822

crimsony1830

vinous1834

laky1849

grenat1851

madder1852

wine-dark1855

pigeon's blood1870

poppy crimson1879

claret1882

vinous1894

alizarin1923

wine1950

1923 J. Mahoney Hat of Eight Refl. in Cent. Mag. Apr. 902/2 Her alizarin lips smiling apart like something unreal.

1996 S. Mootoo Cereus blooms at Night i. 5 When, recently, deep alizarin buds pushed through, his curiosity was piqued and he now visits the cactus daily.

2005 E. Hickey Painted Kiss x. 110 Minna has alizarin hair in tangles to her waist. The color of it suffuses Gustav's dreams; he's never seen anything so beautiful.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [adjective] > yielding dye > types of dye

substantive1794

alizarin1857

Congo red1885

neutral1892

Janus1898

metachrome1901

direct1902

indigoid1908

reactive1941

thioindigoid1943

1857 Pharm. Jrnl. & Trans. 16 379 Preparation of Alizarine Ink.—Hr. Leonhardi has obtained a patent..in Hanover for this ink.

1884 Manch. Examiner 6 Oct. 4/5 The process of manufacture..of..alizarine dyes.

1922 Gas Manuf., Distribution & Use (Brit. Commerc. Gas Assoc.) i. 31/2 All the alizarin colours are what are known as mordant, that is, they are capable of dyeing cotton direct.

1939 T. L. Green Pract. Animal Biol. i. 136 Skeletons prepared by the alizarin transparency method are very valuable for observations on the relations of the smaller bones.

1990 H. Benninga Hist. Lactic Acid Making 116 Many of these alizarin dyestuffs found their way to the textile dyers and printers because of their superiority in light fastness over aniline colors.

C2. (With colour terms.) In names of dyestuffs and pigments derived from alizarin and its relatives, or the colours of these, as alizarin crimson, alizarin red, alizarin violet, etc.

ΚΠ

1876 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. ii. 234 The contamination of the printed cotton with iron is thus prevented, and only the pure alumina lake, that is to say, the pure alizarin-red, remains upon the cotton.

1877 W. Crookes tr. G. Auerbach Anthracen 202 The rose shades produced by purpurin and its hydrate are equally fast, and are obtained in the same manner as an alizarin-rose.

1893 Anthony's Photogr. Bull. 24 122 Curiously, it [sc. Prussian blue] fades in six weeks when mixed with raw sienna, or with that new color, alizarin crimson.

1900–1 Kynoch Jrnl. Dec.–Jan. 36/2 The use of picric acid as a dye has been superseded by the use of alizarine and naphtol yellows.

1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) lv. 831 Galleïn or alizarin violet, from gallic acid and phthalic anhydride, is 1:9-dihydroxyfluoresceïn.

1954 Archit. Rev. 115 286/2 It makes a particularly good textured background for pictures, and is manufactured in six colours: natural, light corn, tobacco, strawberry, alizarin green and egyptian green.

1962 Listener 11 Jan. 76/1 A fortress of almost vertical rocks..burnt umber and alizarin red.

1993 Artist's & Illustrator's Mag. Dec. 15/1 A mixture of alizarin violet and burnt umber is applied dry, in a circular motion, to create texture on the panelling.

2007 Indianapolis Monthly Dec. 86/2 To create what I think of as my run-of-the-mill skin tone, she used a dozen or more disparate colors including Naples yellow, Alizarin crimson, and ultramarine blue.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	alizarin
释义	alizarinn.adj. Brit. /əˈlɪz(ə)rɪn/, U.S. /əˈlɪzərən/ Forms: 1800s– alizarin, 1800s– alizarine (now rare). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French alizarine, alizarin. Etymology: < French alizarine, †alizarin (P. J. Robiquet & J.-J. Colin 1826, in Jrnl. de pharm. 12 411) < alizari alizari n. + -ine -ine suffix⁵; compare -in suffix¹. A. n. 1. Chemistry. An orange-red substance, 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, originally extracted from madder root (genus Rubia) and subsequently synthesized from anthracene.Chemical formula: C₁₄H₈O₄. Alizarin occurs naturally as a glucoside (ruberythric acid), and was the first vegetable dyestuff to be reproduced artificially. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic dyes > [noun] > colouring red alizarin1827 santalin1833 orcein1838 purpurin1839 indin1841 isatin1845 roseine1859 aurin1869 Turkey red oil1879 phenosafranine1883 rhodamine1888 azaleine1889 phloxine1890 pyronin1895 primuline red1900 1827 New Eng. Farmer 19 Jan. 205/1 Messrs. Robiquet and Colin..designate under the name of alizarine the tinctorial matter in woad [sic]. 1839 Penny Cycl. XIV. 261/1 The alizarin..sublimes, and concretes in long brilliant needles of a very fine red colour. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 70 In 1869 Messrs. Graebe and Liebermann made the important discovery that alizarine might be produced artificially from anthracene, one of the products of coal-tar distillation. 1922 Gas Manuf., Distribution & Use (Brit. Commerc. Gas Assoc.) i. 28/2 Anthracene.—Used in the manufacture of alizarin. 1957 R. H. Thomson Naturally Occurring Quinones iv. 163 The position of the two hydroxyl groups was demonstrated later..by the fact that both alizarin and quinizarin can be oxidized to form purpurin (1:2:4-trihydroxyanthraquinone). 2001 P. Ball Bright Earth ix. 255 Most of the major classes of dye now in production—the azo dyes, the ‘anthraquinone’ dyes related to alizarin, and indigo—were already discovered by the beginning of the twentieth century. 2. Any of a series of dyes or pigments made from alizarin and its relatives; the colour of such a dye, esp. a deep red or crimson. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs madderOE grain1335 alkanet1343 Brazilc1386 crop-maddera1399 red-scarletc1400 alcanna?a1425 lac?c1425 madder root?c1450 incarnationa1475 jarecork1483 orchil1483 mull1507 orcanet1548 Bristol-red1551 red sanders1553 cochineal1582 safflower1583 chay1588 Pernambuco1595 red sanderswood1598 redwood1634 peach woodc1638 scarlet1653 mesteque1667 bow-dye1676 sylvester1697 corkir1703 gamene1703 orchilla1703 crap1721 saffranon1731 kino1788 Turkey red1789 lizary1791 granilla1812 munjeet1813 rubiate1835 orcein1838 purpurin1839 ruby wood1843 sassafrid1852 aal1853 pink salt1853 magenta1860 fuchsine1865 paeonin1865 safranine1868 corallin1873 marina1874 Magdala red1875 alizarin1878 eosin1879 Turkey red oil1879 roccelline1880 ponceau1885 amarant1888 phloxine1890 hypernic1897 Turkish red1900 Lithol red1930 1878 Sci. Amer. Suppl. 7 Sept. 2231/2 The new color may be useful along with the red and blue alizarins in substitution for dyes which require to be fixed with albumen. 1914 Mod. Painter Oct. 39/2 Another group of colors, not anilines, but a sort of first cousin thereto, are the alizarines. 1947 C. Cernuschi in Nation 1 Feb. 137/1 He [sc. Jackson Pollock] has now largely abandoned his customary black-and-whitish or gun-metal chiaroscuro for the higher scales, for alizarins, cream whites, cerulean blues, pinks, and sharp greens. 1966 J. Merrill Nights & Days 35 Colors seen By the hashish-eater—Ice-pink, alizarin, Pearl. 1985 New Yorker 18 Nov. 143/2 Merino-wool hoods in alizarin, Beauborg tints are $34. 1991 Artist Nov. 16/4 Transparent chalk filler/extender often used to fix lake colours such as alizarin. 2009 M. Don Ivington Diaries 57 ‘Nan of Painswick’ [is] a deep alizarin. B. adj. (originally attributive) Of the colour of alizarin; deep red or crimson. Cf. sense A. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [adjective] > deep red or crimson blood-redeOE purpleOE bloodyOE purpurine1300 sanguinea1382 tuly1398 crimsonc1400 murreyc1400 purpurec1400 sanguinolentc1450 cramoisy1480 ruby-redc1487 rubya1500 sanguineousc1520 sanguine-coloured1552 blood-coloured1567 rubine1576 purple-red1578 rubied?1594 incarnadine1605 Tyrian?1614 rubiousa1616 murrey-coloured1657 haematine1658 vinaceous1688 carmine1737 claret-coloured1779 ensanguined1785 peony1810 sanguinaceous1816 gory1822 crimsony1830 vinous1834 laky1849 grenat1851 madder1852 wine-dark1855 pigeon's blood1870 poppy crimson1879 claret1882 vinous1894 alizarin1923 wine1950 1923 J. Mahoney Hat of Eight Refl. in Cent. Mag. Apr. 902/2 Her alizarin lips smiling apart like something unreal. 1996 S. Mootoo Cereus blooms at Night i. 5 When, recently, deep alizarin buds pushed through, his curiosity was piqued and he now visits the cactus daily. 2005 E. Hickey Painted Kiss x. 110 Minna has alizarin hair in tangles to her waist. The color of it suffuses Gustav's dreams; he's never seen anything so beautiful. Compounds C1. General attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [adjective] > yielding dye > types of dye substantive1794 alizarin1857 Congo red1885 neutral1892 Janus1898 metachrome1901 direct1902 indigoid1908 reactive1941 thioindigoid1943 1857 Pharm. Jrnl. & Trans. 16 379 Preparation of Alizarine Ink.—Hr. Leonhardi has obtained a patent..in Hanover for this ink. 1884 Manch. Examiner 6 Oct. 4/5 The process of manufacture..of..alizarine dyes. 1922 Gas Manuf., Distribution & Use (Brit. Commerc. Gas Assoc.) i. 31/2 All the alizarin colours are what are known as mordant, that is, they are capable of dyeing cotton direct. 1939 T. L. Green Pract. Animal Biol. i. 136 Skeletons prepared by the alizarin transparency method are very valuable for observations on the relations of the smaller bones. 1990 H. Benninga Hist. Lactic Acid Making 116 Many of these alizarin dyestuffs found their way to the textile dyers and printers because of their superiority in light fastness over aniline colors. C2. (With colour terms.) In names of dyestuffs and pigments derived from alizarin and its relatives, or the colours of these, as alizarin crimson, alizarin red, alizarin violet, etc. ΚΠ 1876 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. ii. 234 The contamination of the printed cotton with iron is thus prevented, and only the pure alumina lake, that is to say, the pure alizarin-red, remains upon the cotton. 1877 W. Crookes tr. G. Auerbach Anthracen 202 The rose shades produced by purpurin and its hydrate are equally fast, and are obtained in the same manner as an alizarin-rose. 1893 Anthony's Photogr. Bull. 24 122 Curiously, it [sc. Prussian blue] fades in six weeks when mixed with raw sienna, or with that new color, alizarin crimson. 1900–1 Kynoch Jrnl. Dec.–Jan. 36/2 The use of picric acid as a dye has been superseded by the use of alizarine and naphtol yellows. 1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) lv. 831 Galleïn or alizarin violet, from gallic acid and phthalic anhydride, is 1:9-dihydroxyfluoresceïn. 1954 Archit. Rev. 115 286/2 It makes a particularly good textured background for pictures, and is manufactured in six colours: natural, light corn, tobacco, strawberry, alizarin green and egyptian green. 1962 Listener 11 Jan. 76/1 A fortress of almost vertical rocks..burnt umber and alizarin red. 1993 Artist's & Illustrator's Mag. Dec. 15/1 A mixture of alizarin violet and burnt umber is applied dry, in a circular motion, to create texture on the panelling. 2007 Indianapolis Monthly Dec. 86/2 To create what I think of as my run-of-the-mill skin tone, she used a dozen or more disparate colors including Naples yellow, Alizarin crimson, and ultramarine blue. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.1827
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