cross-sectionn.

Forms: Also cross section.

Etymology: Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈcross-ˈsection.

a. The cutting of anything across; a section made by a plane cutting anything transversely. spec. = section n. 4a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > division by cutting > [noun] > cross-section or cross-sectioning

intercision1726

stereotomy1728

cross-section1835

cross-sectioning1876

society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram > section

profile1669

section1669

cross-section1835

1835 A. Gray Lett. (1893) I. 52 A cross-section shows the same structure as the rattan.

1870 Spons' Dict. Engin. II. 389 A front elevation and cross-section of a boiler.

1874 Spons' Dict. Engin. VIII. 2924 The converting department, shown in ground plan by Fig. 6996, and in cross-section by Fig. 6998.

1878 J. H. Beadle Western Wilds x. 143 Five men were twenty days felling it, the object being to have it sawed into cross-sections to be shipped eastward to Europe.

1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 323 The characteristic habit of most Monocotyledonous bundles, which is especially evident in cross-section.

1884 tr. H. Lotze Logic 265 It is only necessary that the mass be the same at any cross-section of this material line.

1933 Archit. Rev. 74 123 This pictorial cross-section.

b. figurative. A typical or representative sample, group, etc., or an examination of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > an individual case or instance > [noun] > typical or representative case > part as representative of the whole > sample or specimen > a representative sample or group

cross-section1903

1903 Independent 22 Jan. 210/2 A narrow, timorous artificial treatment of some such limited subject or ‘cross-section’ of a subject as may be represented ‘concretely’.

1904 R. Kipling Traffics & Discov. 322 Cross-sections of remote and incomprehensible lives.

1909 H. G. Wells Tono-Bungay (U.K. ed.) i. i. 5 You will ask by what merit I achieved this remarkable social range, this extensive cross-section of the British social organism.

1938 Ann. Reg. 1937 275 The New York Annalist's index of business activity, covering a wide cross-section of statistically measurable activity.

1952 E. Grierson Reputation for Song xxvi. 222 The jury, a fair cross-section of the community.

2. Physics. Used of the apparent area (measured in barns or millibarns) of a nucleus, atom, elementary particle, etc., as representing the probability of a specified interaction with another particle, etc. Symbol σ.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > [noun] > particle interaction

cross-section1921

interaction1930

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > [noun] > a particle > elementary > apparent area of

cross-section1921

the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > [noun] > apparent area of

cross-section1955

1921 Sci. Abstr. A. 24 393 A method is described whereby the effective cross section of gas molecules is determined by means of slowly-moving electrons having a definite single velocity and definite path.

1938 R. W. Lawson tr. G. von Hevesy & F. A. Paneth Man. Radioactivity (ed. 2) vii. 75 The effective cross-section is equal to the mass absorption coefficient divided by 6 × 10²³, and multiplied by the atomic weight.

1955 R. D. Evans Atomic Nucleus 826 In the wave or field model, the ‘cross section’ for a particular interaction is the ratio between the rate of energy removal (power) and the incident intensity (power per unit area) per target particle. The cross section can be visualized as an area in the incident wave front... In the corpuscular model, the ‘cross section’ is the fraction of the incident particles which suffer the specified interaction, divided by the number of target particles per unit area of a thin target.

1960 Gloss. Atomic Terms (H.M.S.O.) 16 Cross section, the apparent size of a nucleus. This varies for many nuclei according to the reaction occurring (capture, fission or scattering) and the speed of the oncoming particle.

1962 Gloss. Terms Nucl. Sci. (B.S.I.) 30 Cross section, of a given nucleus or atom for a given radiation, that area perpendicular to the direction of the radiation which one has to attribute to the nucleus or atom to account geometrically for its interaction with the radiation; or, in other words, the number of those interactions per unit time divided by the radiation flux and the number of nuclei or atoms present.

1967 E. U. Condon & H. Odishaw Handbk. Physics (ed. 2) ix. viii. 214/2 The intrinsic probability that a reaction will occur is measured by its cross section... All conceivable events that occur when a projectile strikes a nucleus have their separate cross sections. One speaks of the cross section for elastic scattering,..for absorption,..etc.

1971 Nature 23 Apr. 523/2 Other processes, such as the ¹⁶O(n,α)¹³C reaction, may contribute to the more point-like flashes, but their cross-sections are generally small.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

cross-sectionv.

Etymology: < cross-section n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈcross-ˌsection.

transitive. To make a cross-section of; to cut into cross-sections.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > division by cutting > divide by cutting [verb (transitive)] > so as to present a section

cross-section1876

section1891

1876 Van Nostrand's Eclectic Engin. Mag. 14 399/2 The finished work can be cross-sectioned and plotted in the same manner as the original ground.

1890 L. C. D'Oyle Notches Rough Edge Life 52 They were going down to ‘cross-section’ the old railway survey which ran through our valley.

1897 Outing 30 126/2 Much of the ground is..conveniently bounded and cross-sectioned by roads.

1908 Westm. Gaz. 22 Aug. 14/1 The eye would then cross-section its words, reading the lateral parts in indirect vision.

Derivatives

ˌcross-ˈsectioning n.

ΘΚΠ

intercision1726

stereotomy1728

cross-section1835

cross-sectioning1876

1876 Van Nostrand's Eclectic Engin. Mag. 14 394/1 The engineer should have an intimate knowledge of the ground on the line of the work. This is obtained by means of cross-levels taken at right angles to the reference line of the work... This work in engineering parlance is cross-sectioning.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2019).

单词	cross-section
释义	cross-sectionn. Forms: Also cross section. Etymology: Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈcross-ˈsection. 1. a. The cutting of anything across; a section made by a plane cutting anything transversely. spec. = section n. 4a. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > division by cutting > [noun] > cross-section or cross-sectioning intercision1726 stereotomy1728 cross-section1835 cross-sectioning1876 society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram > section profile1669 section1669 cross-section1835 1835 A. Gray Lett. (1893) I. 52 A cross-section shows the same structure as the rattan. 1870 Spons' Dict. Engin. II. 389 A front elevation and cross-section of a boiler. 1874 Spons' Dict. Engin. VIII. 2924 The converting department, shown in ground plan by Fig. 6996, and in cross-section by Fig. 6998. 1878 J. H. Beadle Western Wilds x. 143 Five men were twenty days felling it, the object being to have it sawed into cross-sections to be shipped eastward to Europe. 1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 323 The characteristic habit of most Monocotyledonous bundles, which is especially evident in cross-section. 1884 tr. H. Lotze Logic 265 It is only necessary that the mass be the same at any cross-section of this material line. 1933 Archit. Rev. 74 123 This pictorial cross-section. b. figurative. A typical or representative sample, group, etc., or an examination of this. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > an individual case or instance > [noun] > typical or representative case > part as representative of the whole > sample or specimen > a representative sample or group cross-section1903 1903 Independent 22 Jan. 210/2 A narrow, timorous artificial treatment of some such limited subject or ‘cross-section’ of a subject as may be represented ‘concretely’. 1904 R. Kipling Traffics & Discov. 322 Cross-sections of remote and incomprehensible lives. 1909 H. G. Wells Tono-Bungay (U.K. ed.) i. i. 5 You will ask by what merit I achieved this remarkable social range, this extensive cross-section of the British social organism. 1938 Ann. Reg. 1937 275 The New York Annalist's index of business activity, covering a wide cross-section of statistically measurable activity. 1952 E. Grierson Reputation for Song xxvi. 222 The jury, a fair cross-section of the community. 2. Physics. Used of the apparent area (measured in barns or millibarns) of a nucleus, atom, elementary particle, etc., as representing the probability of a specified interaction with another particle, etc. Symbol σ. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > [noun] > particle interaction cross-section1921 interaction1930 the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > [noun] > a particle > elementary > apparent area of cross-section1921 the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > [noun] > apparent area of cross-section1955 1921 Sci. Abstr. A. 24 393 A method is described whereby the effective cross section of gas molecules is determined by means of slowly-moving electrons having a definite single velocity and definite path. 1938 R. W. Lawson tr. G. von Hevesy & F. A. Paneth Man. Radioactivity (ed. 2) vii. 75 The effective cross-section is equal to the mass absorption coefficient divided by 6 × 10²³, and multiplied by the atomic weight. 1955 R. D. Evans Atomic Nucleus 826 In the wave or field model, the ‘cross section’ for a particular interaction is the ratio between the rate of energy removal (power) and the incident intensity (power per unit area) per target particle. The cross section can be visualized as an area in the incident wave front... In the corpuscular model, the ‘cross section’ is the fraction of the incident particles which suffer the specified interaction, divided by the number of target particles per unit area of a thin target. 1960 Gloss. Atomic Terms (H.M.S.O.) 16 Cross section, the apparent size of a nucleus. This varies for many nuclei according to the reaction occurring (capture, fission or scattering) and the speed of the oncoming particle. 1962 Gloss. Terms Nucl. Sci. (B.S.I.) 30 Cross section, of a given nucleus or atom for a given radiation, that area perpendicular to the direction of the radiation which one has to attribute to the nucleus or atom to account geometrically for its interaction with the radiation; or, in other words, the number of those interactions per unit time divided by the radiation flux and the number of nuclei or atoms present. 1967 E. U. Condon & H. Odishaw Handbk. Physics (ed. 2) ix. viii. 214/2 The intrinsic probability that a reaction will occur is measured by its cross section... All conceivable events that occur when a projectile strikes a nucleus have their separate cross sections. One speaks of the cross section for elastic scattering,..for absorption,..etc. 1971 Nature 23 Apr. 523/2 Other processes, such as the ¹⁶O(n,α)¹³C reaction, may contribute to the more point-like flashes, but their cross-sections are generally small. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online December 2020). cross-sectionv. Etymology: < cross-section n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈcross-ˌsection. transitive. To make a cross-section of; to cut into cross-sections. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > division by cutting > divide by cutting [verb (transitive)] > so as to present a section cross-section1876 section1891 1876 Van Nostrand's Eclectic Engin. Mag. 14 399/2 The finished work can be cross-sectioned and plotted in the same manner as the original ground. 1890 L. C. D'Oyle Notches Rough Edge Life 52 They were going down to ‘cross-section’ the old railway survey which ran through our valley. 1897 Outing 30 126/2 Much of the ground is..conveniently bounded and cross-sectioned by roads. 1908 Westm. Gaz. 22 Aug. 14/1 The eye would then cross-section its words, reading the lateral parts in indirect vision. Derivatives ˌcross-ˈsectioning n. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > division by cutting > [noun] > cross-section or cross-sectioning intercision1726 stereotomy1728 cross-section1835 cross-sectioning1876 1876 Van Nostrand's Eclectic Engin. Mag. 14 394/1 The engineer should have an intimate knowledge of the ground on the line of the work. This is obtained by means of cross-levels taken at right angles to the reference line of the work... This work in engineering parlance is cross-sectioning. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2019). < n.1835v.1876
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