Crookesn.
/krʊks/, U.S. /ˈkrʊks/ Used attributively or in the possessive to designate phenomena observed and apparatus invented by Crookes. Crookes space n. (also Crookes dark space, Crookes's space, Crookes's dark space) the dark space between the negative glow and the cathode of a vacuum tube, observed when the pressure is very low; also called cathode dark space, cathodic dark space. Crookes glass n. (also Crookes's glass) a type of glass which protects the eyes from intense radiation, bright sunlight, etc. Crookes layer n. (also Crookes's layer) (a) the layer of vapour underlying any mass or liquid in the spheroidal state, insulating it from the surface on which it rests; (b) = Crookes space n. Crookes radiometer n. (also Crookes's radiometer) see radiometer n.2 1. Crookes rays n. = cathode rays (cathode ray n.). Crookes's tube n. a highly evacuated tube in which stratified electric discharges can be observed.
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the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > thermodynamics > [noun] > instrument illustrating principle
radiometer1875
Crookes radiometer1884
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > discharge of electricity > [noun] > container
tube1859
Geissler tube1863
Crookes's tube1884
oscilloscope1915
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > discharge of electricity > [noun] > dark space at low pressure
Crookes layer1884
Crookes space1884
cathode dark space1914
Hittorf dark space1916
the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > liquid phase > [noun] > condition of > specific > layer of vapour underlying any mass or liquid in the
Crookes layer1884
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > cathode-ray tube > [noun] > cathode ray
cathode ray1880
Crookes rays1896
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > instruments for protecting the sight > [noun] > spectacles or eyeglasses > glass for
Crookes glass1918
1884 A. Daniell Text-bk. Princ. Physics 325 Let us now suppose that the particles recoiling from the heated surface do not meet other molecules, but impinge on the walls of the vessel. A layer of particles in such a condition is called a Crookes' layer.
1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 249/1 In Crookes's radiometer the free path is very long.
1889 Cent. Dict. Crookes's tubes.
1891 Cent. Dict. s.v. Vacuum-tube A Crookes's tube..used by Mr. William Crookes in his investigation of what he has called radiant matter.
1892 G. F. Barker Physics 329 The layer of vapor which has to support the drop is called a Crookes layer.
1893 J. J. Thomson Notes Res. Electr. & Magn. 108 Next to this [sc. the negative electrode] there is a comparatively dark region..called sometimes ‘Crookes' space’ and sometimes the ‘first dark space’.
1896 Daily News 29 May 5/2 The rays which produce the fluorescence are certainly the Crookes rays.
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 47/2 The Crookes dark space.
1906 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 172 312 The extremely tenuous condition of the residual elementary gas or gases in a Crookes tube.
1910 Hawkins' Electr. Dict. Crookes' Effect, the radiant effect produced in a vacuum glass tube in which the exhaustion has been carried to a high degree, when electricity is discharged through it between suitable electrodes.
1918 J. H. Parsons Dis. Eye (ed. 3) x. 184 Smoked or orange tinted (not blue) glasses..are most efficacious when made with Crookes's glass.
1927 L. B. Loeb Kinetic Theory Gases vii. 241 The Crookes radiometer, so often seen in opticians' windows, consisting of a set of mica vanes blackened on one face and mounted on an axis so that they are free to rotate inside a partially evacuated glass vessel and which rotate when radiation falls on them.
1931 Glass Dec. 509/1 Several Crookes glasses were shown.
1958 C. G. Wilson Electr. & Magn. xii. 365 At a pressure of 10−2 mm. Hg. or less, the Faraday Dark Space and Negative Glow disappear and the Crooke's [sic] Dark Space almost fills the tube.
Derivatives
Crookesian adj. /ˈkrʊksɪən/ pertaining to Crookes or to instruments invented by him (rare).
/ˈkrʊksɪən/ pertaining to Crookes or to instruments invented by him (rare).ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > energy or power of doing work > [adjective] > relating to radiation > relating to instruments devised by Crookes
Crookesian1899
1899 Science Siftings XVI. 117/2 The Crookesian scale~pan.
1899 Science Siftings XVI. 117/2 Crookesian radiometer.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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