aldo-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Forms: before a vowel also ald-.

Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Aldo-.

Etymology: < German Aldo- (formations in which are found from the late 19th cent.) < ald- (in Aldehyd aldehyde n.) + -o- -o- connective. Compare German Aldoxim (see below), Aldohexose, Aldopentose (both 1893 or earlier), Aldoketen (H. Staudinger & H. W. Klever 1908, in Berichte der Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 41 909).Found in a small number of formations from the late 19th cent. onwards, especially in adaptations of German names of chemical compounds.

Chemistry.

1. Forming nouns denoting substances which contain aldehyde groups (esp. aldoses) or are otherwise related to aldehydes.Words beginning with aldo- often have counterparts with keto- comb. form.

ΚΠ

1897 G. L. Spencer Handbk. Chemists Beet-sugar Houses 257 (table) Aldo-hexoses.

1897 G. L. Spencer Handbk. Chemists Beet-sugar Houses 262 (table) Aldo-pentoses.

1925 Chem. Abstr. 19 2931 The name lactol (aldolactol, ketolactol) is proposed for the cyclo-form of hydroxyaldehydes and ketones.

1931 R. J. Williams Introd. Biochem. iii. 26 Aldoheptoses, octoses, nonoses and a decose have been made synthetically.

1964 I. L. Finar Org. Chem. (ed. 3) II. vii. 176 The structural formula of the aldotetroses is CH₂OH·CHOH·CHOH·CHO.

1985 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82 2161/2 Tumors with increased levels of aldehyde oxidase, which converts aldophosphamide to the inactive product carboxyphosphamide.

2009 W. G. Hopkins & N. P. A. Hüner Introd. Plant Physiol. (ed. 4) App. 485/1 Glyceraldehyde is therefore referred to as an aldo sugar, or aldose.

aldohexose n.

Brit.

/ˌaldə(ʊ)ˈhɛksəʊz/

/ˌaldə(ʊ)ˈhɛksəʊs/

U.S.

/ˌældoʊˈhɛkˌsoʊs/

/ˌældoʊˈhɛkˌsoʊz/

any aldose with six carbon atoms.

ΚΠ

1897¹Aldo-hexoses [see sense 1].

1934 C. C. Steele Introd. Plant Biochem. iii. viii. 68 Galactose and mannose are also aldohexoses, but differ from glucose in the arrangement of these groups.

1991 S. F. Mason Chem. Evol. xi. 136 Only four monosaccharides are fermentable, three from the aldohexose series ( d-glucose, d-galactose, and d-mannose) and one ketohexose ( d-fructose).

2006 T. N. Sorrell Org. Chem. (ed. 2) xix. 659 An unknown d-aldohexose treated with sodium borohydride yields a meso alditol. What are the possible structures of the starting aldohexose?

aldoketene n.

Brit.

/ˌaldə(ʊ)ˈkiːtiːn/

U.S.

/ˌældoʊˈkiˌtin/

(also aldoketen) any ketene of the form RHC=C=O, where R is an alkyl group; cf. ketoketen n. at keto- comb. form 1a.

ΚΠ

1908 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 94 i. 318 The first groups are termed aldo-ketens and the second, keto-ketens.

1942 R. C. Fuson & H. R. Snyder Org. Chem. xxi. 296 Ketenes fall into two classes, aldoketenes and ketoketenes.

1962 Jrnl. Org. Chem. 27 3743/2 This reaction apparently involves a concerted elimination of an aldoketene from the ethoxyacetylene.

1995 D. C. Harrowven & S. T. Dennison in A. R. Katritzky et al. Comprehensive Org. Functional Group Transformations III. xvi. 540 Provided there is a hydrogen atom situated on the β-carbon of the ether, these materials readily suffer elimination of an alkene to provide the corresponding ‘aldoketene’.

aldopentose n.

Brit.

/ˌaldə(ʊ)ˈpɛntəʊz/

/ˌaldə(ʊ)ˈpɛntəʊs/

U.S.

/ˌældoʊˈpɛnˌtoʊs/

/ˌældoʊˈpɛnˌtoʊz/

any aldose with five carbon atoms.

ΚΠ

1897²Aldo-pentoses [see sense 1].

1948 W. Pigman Chem. Carbohydrates ii. 57 Because of the lack of asymmetry of carbon atom 5 of the aldopentoses, each of these sugars is related to a pair of hexoses.

1992 C. A. Smith & E. J. Wood Biosynthesis ii. 29 (caption) Ribulose is the ketopentose corresponding to ribose (an aldopentose).

2002 T. Millar Biochem. Explained iii. 27/1 Ribose is also an aldose, but it has 5 carbons and is therefore an aldopentose.

aldoxime n.

Brit.

/alˈdɒksiːm/

U.S.

/ælˈdɑkˌsim/

(also aldoxim) [after German Aldoxim (V. Meyer & A. Janny 1882, in Berichte der Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 15 1526)] an oxime having the structure RCH=NOH, where R is an alkyl group, formed by reaction of an aldehyde with hydroxylamine; cf. ketoxime n. at keto- comb. form 1a.

ΚΠ

1883 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 44 1104 Lactones are not converted into aldoximes by the action of hydroxylamine.

1902 F. Julian Text-bk. Quantitative Chem. Anal. 316 Aldehyds and ketons react with hydroxylamin to form oxims, respectively aldoxims and ketoxims.

1974 E. W. Colvin in W. Parker Aliphatic Chem. 2 ii. 158 The stereochemistry of the starting aldoxime has no effect on the yield.

2008 Plant Physiol. 148 2021/2 Glucone formation is a five-step pathway that starts with the formation of an aldoxime through oxidation of the precursor amino acids.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	aldo-
释义	aldo-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Forms: before a vowel also ald-. Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Aldo-. Etymology: < German Aldo- (formations in which are found from the late 19th cent.) < ald- (in Aldehyd aldehyde n.) + -o- -o- connective. Compare German Aldoxim (see below), Aldohexose, Aldopentose (both 1893 or earlier), Aldoketen (H. Staudinger & H. W. Klever 1908, in Berichte der Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 41 909).Found in a small number of formations from the late 19th cent. onwards, especially in adaptations of German names of chemical compounds. Chemistry. 1. Forming nouns denoting substances which contain aldehyde groups (esp. aldoses) or are otherwise related to aldehydes.Words beginning with aldo- often have counterparts with keto- comb. form. ΚΠ 1897 G. L. Spencer Handbk. Chemists Beet-sugar Houses 257 (table) Aldo-hexoses. 1897 G. L. Spencer Handbk. Chemists Beet-sugar Houses 262 (table) Aldo-pentoses. 1925 Chem. Abstr. 19 2931 The name lactol (aldolactol, ketolactol) is proposed for the cyclo-form of hydroxyaldehydes and ketones. 1931 R. J. Williams Introd. Biochem. iii. 26 Aldoheptoses, octoses, nonoses and a decose have been made synthetically. 1964 I. L. Finar Org. Chem. (ed. 3) II. vii. 176 The structural formula of the aldotetroses is CH₂OH·CHOH·CHOH·CHO. 1985 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82 2161/2 Tumors with increased levels of aldehyde oxidase, which converts aldophosphamide to the inactive product carboxyphosphamide. 2009 W. G. Hopkins & N. P. A. Hüner Introd. Plant Physiol. (ed. 4) App. 485/1 Glyceraldehyde is therefore referred to as an aldo sugar, or aldose. 2. aldohexose n. Brit. /ˌaldə(ʊ)ˈhɛksəʊz/ , /ˌaldə(ʊ)ˈhɛksəʊs/ , U.S. /ˌældoʊˈhɛkˌsoʊs/ , /ˌældoʊˈhɛkˌsoʊz/ any aldose with six carbon atoms. ΚΠ 1897¹Aldo-hexoses [see sense 1]. 1934 C. C. Steele Introd. Plant Biochem. iii. viii. 68 Galactose and mannose are also aldohexoses, but differ from glucose in the arrangement of these groups. 1991 S. F. Mason Chem. Evol. xi. 136 Only four monosaccharides are fermentable, three from the aldohexose series ( d-glucose, d-galactose, and d-mannose) and one ketohexose ( d-fructose). 2006 T. N. Sorrell Org. Chem. (ed. 2) xix. 659 An unknown d-aldohexose treated with sodium borohydride yields a meso alditol. What are the possible structures of the starting aldohexose? aldoketene n. Brit. /ˌaldə(ʊ)ˈkiːtiːn/ , U.S. /ˌældoʊˈkiˌtin/ (also aldoketen) any ketene of the form RHC=C=O, where R is an alkyl group; cf. ketoketen n. at keto- comb. form 1a. ΚΠ 1908 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 94 i. 318 The first groups are termed aldo-ketens and the second, keto-ketens. 1942 R. C. Fuson & H. R. Snyder Org. Chem. xxi. 296 Ketenes fall into two classes, aldoketenes and ketoketenes. 1962 Jrnl. Org. Chem. 27 3743/2 This reaction apparently involves a concerted elimination of an aldoketene from the ethoxyacetylene. 1995 D. C. Harrowven & S. T. Dennison in A. R. Katritzky et al. Comprehensive Org. Functional Group Transformations III. xvi. 540 Provided there is a hydrogen atom situated on the β-carbon of the ether, these materials readily suffer elimination of an alkene to provide the corresponding ‘aldoketene’. aldopentose n. Brit. /ˌaldə(ʊ)ˈpɛntəʊz/ , /ˌaldə(ʊ)ˈpɛntəʊs/ , U.S. /ˌældoʊˈpɛnˌtoʊs/ , /ˌældoʊˈpɛnˌtoʊz/ any aldose with five carbon atoms. ΚΠ 1897²Aldo-pentoses [see sense 1]. 1948 W. Pigman Chem. Carbohydrates ii. 57 Because of the lack of asymmetry of carbon atom 5 of the aldopentoses, each of these sugars is related to a pair of hexoses. 1992 C. A. Smith & E. J. Wood Biosynthesis ii. 29 (caption) Ribulose is the ketopentose corresponding to ribose (an aldopentose). 2002 T. Millar Biochem. Explained iii. 27/1 Ribose is also an aldose, but it has 5 carbons and is therefore an aldopentose. aldoxime n. Brit. /alˈdɒksiːm/ , U.S. /ælˈdɑkˌsim/ (also aldoxim) [after German Aldoxim (V. Meyer & A. Janny 1882, in Berichte der Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 15 1526)] an oxime having the structure RCH=NOH, where R is an alkyl group, formed by reaction of an aldehyde with hydroxylamine; cf. ketoxime n. at keto- comb. form 1a. ΚΠ 1883 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 44 1104 Lactones are not converted into aldoximes by the action of hydroxylamine. 1902 F. Julian Text-bk. Quantitative Chem. Anal. 316 Aldehyds and ketons react with hydroxylamin to form oxims, respectively aldoxims and ketoxims. 1974 E. W. Colvin in W. Parker Aliphatic Chem. 2 ii. 158 The stereochemistry of the starting aldoxime has no effect on the yield. 2008 Plant Physiol. 148 2021/2 Glucone formation is a five-step pathway that starts with the formation of an aldoxime through oxidation of the precursor amino acids. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < comb. form1883
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