darneln.

/ˈdɑːnəl/

Forms: Middle English dernel, Middle English dernal -eil, darnelle, darnylle, darnail, 1500s dernell, ( dernolde), 1500s–1600s darnell, darnall, Middle English– darnel.

Etymology: Occurs also in the Walloon dialect of Rouchy, ‘darnelle, ivraie, lolium temulentum’; ulterior history unknown.

a. A deleterious grass, Lolium temulentum, which in some countries grows as a weed among corn.Known first as the English name for the lolium of the Vulgate: see cockle n.¹ 1a. The grass is now rare in England, but appears to have been much more common formerly when seed-corn was largely imported from the Mediterranean regions, where the weed abounds. It is now held to be deleterious only when infested by ergot, to which it is particularly liable.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > [noun] > darnel

cockleOE

drakea1325

darnelc1325

raya1398

popplea1425

ivray1578

white darnel1597

sturdy1683

roseager1692

drunken rye-grass1891

c1325 Metr. Hom. 145 Than com his fa, and seu riht thare Darnel, that es an iuel wede.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xiii. 25 His enmye came, and sew aboue dernel, or cokil, in the midil of whete.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 1138 Þi quete darnel [Vesp. ȝiȝanny, Gött. ȝiȝannije, Trin. Cambr. cokul] sal hit be.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 119 Dernel, a wede, zizania, lollium.

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xii^v Dernolde groweth vp streyght lyke an hye grasse, and hath longe sedes on eyther syde the stert.

1572 J. Jones Benefit Bathes of Buckstones f. 5^v Some darnell is crepte in amongest the good corne.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xviii. 5 Hor-docks, hemlocke, netles, cookow flowers, Darnell and all the idle weedes.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 22 Oats and Darnel choak the rising Corn.

1742 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer (ed. 4) I. 10 Darnel is a rampant Weed and grows much among some Barley, especially in the bad Husbandman's Ground.

1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 106 Externally applied, darnel is said to produce anodyne properties.

1833 Ld. Tennyson Poems 3 Then let wise Nature work her will And on my clay her darnels grow.

b. Sometimes used as a book-name of the genus Lolium. red darnel n. Rye-grass, L. Perenne.

ΚΠ

1647 T. Fuller Good Thoughts in Worse Times ii. xviii. 92 There is a kind of darnell, called Lolium Murinum.

1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xiii. 149 Lolium or Darnel, has a one-leafed involucrum, containing one flower only.

2. Loosely ‘applied to Papaver Rhœas, or some other corn-field poppy’ (Britten & Holland).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > poppy and allied flowers > poppy

poppyeOE

wild poppya1300

red poppya1400

mecop1480

corn-rose1527

field poppy1597

redweed1609

darnel1612

cockrose?1632

canker1640

tell-love1640

rose poppy1648

erratic poppy1661

corn poppy1671

headwark1691

cop-rose1776

headachea1825

thunderbolt1847

thunder-flower1853

Iceland poppy1870

Greenland poppy1882

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xv. 241 The crimsin Darnell Flower, the Blew-bottle, and Gold.

3. figurative. Cf. cockle n.¹, tare n.¹

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > a harmful thing or person > like a weed

weedeOE

popplea1425

darnel1444

zizania1526

thistle1563

zizany1581

fungus1659

tare1686

1444 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 216 Nor of thy tounge be nat rekkelees, Uttre nevir no darnel with good corn.

a1555 J. Philpot Let. in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1570) III. 2005/1 The destestable darnel of desperation.

?1591 H. Barrow Brief Discouerie False Church 3 [Satan] sowing his darnel of errors and tares of discord amongst them.

a1640 J. Ball Answer to Iohn Can (1642) ii. 12 A graine of good corne in a great deale of darnell.

attributive.1868 J. R. Lowell Under Willows vi No darnel fancy Might choke one useful blade in Puritan fields.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations, as darnel-like adj.

ΚΠ

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 144 Darnell floure laid too, with Oxymell, cureth the gout.

a1653 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 73 I dizzy am as fed with Darnall seede.

1834 Brit. Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. 511 Festuca loliacea, or darnel-like fescue.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	darnel
释义	darneln. /ˈdɑːnəl/ Forms: Middle English dernel, Middle English dernal -eil, darnelle, darnylle, darnail, 1500s dernell, ( dernolde), 1500s–1600s darnell, darnall, Middle English– darnel. Etymology: Occurs also in the Walloon dialect of Rouchy, ‘darnelle, ivraie, lolium temulentum’; ulterior history unknown. 1. a. A deleterious grass, Lolium temulentum, which in some countries grows as a weed among corn.Known first as the English name for the lolium of the Vulgate: see cockle n.¹ 1a. The grass is now rare in England, but appears to have been much more common formerly when seed-corn was largely imported from the Mediterranean regions, where the weed abounds. It is now held to be deleterious only when infested by ergot, to which it is particularly liable. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > [noun] > darnel cockleOE drakea1325 darnelc1325 raya1398 popplea1425 ivray1578 white darnel1597 sturdy1683 roseager1692 drunken rye-grass1891 c1325 Metr. Hom. 145 Than com his fa, and seu riht thare Darnel, that es an iuel wede. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xiii. 25 His enmye came, and sew aboue dernel, or cokil, in the midil of whete. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 1138 Þi quete darnel [Vesp. ȝiȝanny, Gött. ȝiȝannije, Trin. Cambr. cokul] sal hit be. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 119 Dernel, a wede, zizania, lollium. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xii^v Dernolde groweth vp streyght lyke an hye grasse, and hath longe sedes on eyther syde the stert. 1572 J. Jones Benefit Bathes of Buckstones f. 5^v Some darnell is crepte in amongest the good corne. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xviii. 5 Hor-docks, hemlocke, netles, cookow flowers, Darnell and all the idle weedes. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 22 Oats and Darnel choak the rising Corn. 1742 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer (ed. 4) I. 10 Darnel is a rampant Weed and grows much among some Barley, especially in the bad Husbandman's Ground. 1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 106 Externally applied, darnel is said to produce anodyne properties. 1833 Ld. Tennyson Poems 3 Then let wise Nature work her will And on my clay her darnels grow. b. Sometimes used as a book-name of the genus Lolium. red darnel n. Rye-grass, L. Perenne. ΚΠ 1647 T. Fuller Good Thoughts in Worse Times ii. xviii. 92 There is a kind of darnell, called Lolium Murinum. 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xiii. 149 Lolium or Darnel, has a one-leafed involucrum, containing one flower only. 2. Loosely ‘applied to Papaver Rhœas, or some other corn-field poppy’ (Britten & Holland). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > poppy and allied flowers > poppy poppyeOE wild poppya1300 red poppya1400 mecop1480 corn-rose1527 field poppy1597 redweed1609 darnel1612 cockrose?1632 canker1640 tell-love1640 rose poppy1648 erratic poppy1661 corn poppy1671 headwark1691 cop-rose1776 headachea1825 thunderbolt1847 thunder-flower1853 Iceland poppy1870 Greenland poppy1882 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xv. 241 The crimsin Darnell Flower, the Blew-bottle, and Gold. 3. figurative. Cf. cockle n.¹, tare n.¹ ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > a harmful thing or person > like a weed weedeOE popplea1425 darnel1444 zizania1526 thistle1563 zizany1581 fungus1659 tare1686 1444 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 216 Nor of thy tounge be nat rekkelees, Uttre nevir no darnel with good corn. a1555 J. Philpot Let. in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1570) III. 2005/1 The destestable darnel of desperation. ?1591 H. Barrow Brief Discouerie False Church 3 [Satan] sowing his darnel of errors and tares of discord amongst them. a1640 J. Ball Answer to Iohn Can (1642) ii. 12 A graine of good corne in a great deale of darnell. attributive.1868 J. R. Lowell Under Willows vi No darnel fancy Might choke one useful blade in Puritan fields. Compounds attributive and in other combinations, as darnel-like adj. ΚΠ 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 144 Darnell floure laid too, with Oxymell, cureth the gout. a1653 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 73 I dizzy am as fed with Darnall seede. 1834 Brit. Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. 511 Festuca loliacea, or darnel-like fescue. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.c1325
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