criticismn.

Brit.

/ˈkrɪtᵻsɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈkrɪdəˌsɪzəm/

Forms: 1600s criticisme, 1600s critiscisme, 1600s– criticism.

Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: critic n., -ism suffix; Latin criticus , -ism suffix.

Etymology: < critic n. or its etymon classical Latin criticus + -ism suffix. Compare later critics n., critique n., and also criticize v.Compare post-classical Latin criticismus (1648 or earlier), French criticisme (1762 or earlier in sense 1a; 1838 in sense 1c). In sense 1c after German Kriticismus (1791 or earlier; now Kritizismus).

a. The art or practice of analysing, evaluating, and commenting on the qualities and character of something, esp. literary texts or other creative works, or (later more generally) restaurants, wine, food, etc.; the work of a critic.See also art criticism n., film criticism n., radio criticism n., etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > criticism > [noun]

judgementc1450

censure1576

criticism1606

critique1656

animadverting1665

animadvertence1681

critiquing1873

1606 G. Chapman Monsieur D'Oliue i. sig B2^v It shall be a second Sorbonne, where all doubts or differences of Learning, Honour, Duellisme, Criticisme, and Poetrie shall be disputed.

1677 J. Dryden Authors Apol. Heroique Poetry in State Innocence Pref. sig. b^v Criticism, as it was first instituted by Aristotle, was meant a Standard of judging well. The chiefest part of which is to observe those Excellencies which should delight a reasonable Reader.

1719 J. Richardson (title) The connoisseur: an essay on the whole art of criticism as it relates to painting.

1889 Dial Sept. 94/1 Does it in truth rest entirely, or even mainly, with the reviewer..to elevate criticism to its rightful place, very near to creative writing itself?

1982 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 10 Oct. (Late City Final ed.) vii. 12/1 In 1963 he wrote the first weekly column of restaurant reviews and inaugurated an age of restaurant criticism.

2000 Courier Mail (Queensland, Austral.) (Nexis) 9 Nov. (Features section) 30 The history of music criticism is littered with the opinions of critics whose judgments of a new work or performance have been shown to be erroneous.

b. spec. The scholarly investigation of literary or historical texts, esp. the Old and New Testaments, with regard to their origin, authenticity, composition, etc.See also higher criticism n., historical criticism n., source-criticism n., textual criticism n., etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > [noun]

criticism1625

lower criticism1822

textualism1888

explication de texte1935

textology1975

society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > text > criticism, interpretation > [noun] > higher criticism

criticism1625

higher criticism1822

society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > [noun] > types of literary criticism

criticism1625

critical theory1799

literary theory1807

autocriticism1820

pseudo-criticism1851

Formgeschichte1923

form-criticism1928

form-history1928

practical criticism1929

New Criticism1941

contextualism1955

patternism1956

objectivism1961

narratology1971

new historicism1972

deconstruction1973

post-structuralism1975

deconstructionism1980

theory1982

1625 T. James Explan. 10 Articles 22 It is a rule in Criticisme, that caeteris paribus, the older the copy is, the better it is.

1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I i. x. 61 We shall begin with the knowledge of Languages, anciently stiled Grammar, and lately Criticisme.

1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. 356 Criticism..may be defined the Art of restoring the corrupted Passages of Authors, and ascertaining their genuine Sense, and Method of Reasoning.

1874 H. Rogers Superhuman Origin Bible (ed. 2) viii. 354 The remains of Clement and Polycarp, and such fragments of Ignatius as criticism pronounces to be undoubtedly genuine.

1950 R. Heard Introd. New Test. xviii. 182 Who were the Galatians? This is one of the classical controversies of New Testament criticism.

2015 Church Times 2 Oct. 28/2 The new science of biblical criticism..led biblical scholars to attempt to discover what the words meant to those who wrote them.

c. Philosophy. The critical philosophy of Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) and (later) other philosophies similarly founded on the critical examination (as opposed to the justification) of knowledge.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > idealism > [noun] > Kantianism > branches of

criticism1798

1798 A. F. M. Willich Elements Crit. Philos. 152 Criticism, with Kant, signifies a critical mode of proceeding (doubts of delay) i.e. the maxim of general distrust with respect to all synthetical judgments a priori, until we have acquired a view of the universal ground of their possibility, in the essential conditions of our faculties of cognition.

1867 J. H. Stirling tr. A. Schwegler Handbk. Hist. Philos. xxxviii. 216 Kant..possessed the clearest consciousness of the relation of criticism to all preceding philosophy.

1889 E. Caird Crit. Philos. Kant I. 2 [Kant] opposes Criticism to two other forms of philosophy, Dogmatism and Scepticism.

1902 A. Monahan tr. P. Janet & G. Séailles Hist. Probl. Philos. II. iii. 142 In Criticism something absolute remains, namely, the laws of the understanding; in Empiricism everything is accidental.

2015 Archiv f. Begriffsgeschichte 57 115 Tennemann attempts to show past philosophical systems as steps in the history of philosophy, which attains its fullness once it reaches Kantian criticism.

2. A piece of writing or other review in which a text, creative work, subject, etc., is analysed or evaluated; a critical essay or article; a critique.In quot. 1606 used metaphorically, with reference to a woman.

ΚΠ

1606 J. Marston Parasitaster (rev. ed.) iv. sig. G2 That salt that criticisme, that very all epigram of a woman, that Analysis, that compendium of witnes.

1781 S. Johnson Pope in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets VII. 122 Of the English Odyssey a criticism was published by Spence, at that time Prelector of Poetry at Oxford.

1893 C. J. Ffoulkes tr. G. Morelli Ital. Painters 1 My friend, the late Mr. Mündler, published a criticism on the pictures contained in the Munich gallery.

1905 W. H. Cobb (title) A criticism of systems of Hebrew metre.

2008 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 2 Feb. d7 He's also..co-edited the recently published criticism Language Acts: Anglo-Quebec Poetry, 1976 to the 21st Century.

3. The passing of judgement on a person or thing; esp. the expression of a harsh or unfavourable opinion of a person or thing; fault-finding, censure.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun]

faultingc1450

animadversion1599

criticism1607

reflection1636

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > criticism > [noun] > often unfavourable

commenting1597

criticism1607

censurea1616

judgementalism1950

stick1956

1607 T. Dekker Knights Conjuring sig. A4^v Therfore (Reader) doe I..stand at the marke of Criticisme (and of thy bolt) to bee shot at.

1683 D. A. Whole Art Converse 45 The first [extream] is Flattery, the other is Criticism, or a censorious humour, condemning indifferently every thing.

1788 Trifler 27 Sept. 245 The country 'squires dreaded the exposition of their rustic conversation to the ordeal of her criticism.

1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) IV. 44 No philosophy has ever stood this criticism of the next generation.

1962 Congress. Rec. 108 6666/2 The U.S. representatives encountered a barrage of criticism and recriminations.

2013 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 11 Oct. 5 She had been surprised by the fierce criticism the book had attracted.

4. An act or instance of criticizing. Also: a critical remark or comment.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > criticism > [noun] > instance of

comment1509

censurea1575

criticism1608

hypercritic1619

critisma1639

critique1656

society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > review or critique > [noun]

criticism1608

hypercritic1619

critique1647

review1649

review article1807

notice1835

appreciation1856

crit1908

1608 G. Chapman Conspiracie Duke of Byron i. sig. B There are a number more Of these State Critiscismes: That our personall view May profitably make.

1683 J. Dryden Life Plutarch 14 in J. Dryden et al. tr. Plutarch Lives I Philosophical questions, and criticisms of humanity, were their usual recreations.

1780 S. Lee Chapter of Accidents Pref. p. iv I was enough mistress of myself to listen with complaisance to the most supercilious and unmeaning criticisms.

1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 22 A criticism may be worth making which rests only on probabilities or impressions.

1924 J. B. Cabell Straws & Prayer-bks. 93 That art is a criticism of life, appears a favorite apothegm... Yet the statement is true enough, in the sense that prison-breaking is a criticism of the penitentiary.

2018 Business Day (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 30 Apr. He pulled no punches in the actual speech, making increasingly pointed criticisms of US policy that had Republicans squirming.

†5. A minute particular or point of detail; a subtlety. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > [noun] > subtle point

subtletya1425

subtilityc1485

jimp?a1500

nicety1589

nicery1605

fineness1622

pointille1626

measuring cast1631

criticisma1640

exility1642

subtilty1681

quoddity1682

nuance1781

distinguo1895

a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Little French Lawyer i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. H2/2 This godly calling [of Duellist] Thou hast followed five and twenty yeares, and studied The Criticismes of contentions [i.e. duelling].

1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus iii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 133 To set Seeds in that posture, wherein the Leaf and Roots may shoot right..were a Criticisme in Agriculture.

1683 W. Cave Ecclesiastici vi. 108 Not sufficiently understanding the Criticisms of the Greek Language.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022).

单词	criticism
释义	criticismn. Brit. /ˈkrɪtᵻsɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈkrɪdəˌsɪzəm/ Forms: 1600s criticisme, 1600s critiscisme, 1600s– criticism. Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: critic n., -ism suffix; Latin criticus , -ism suffix. Etymology: < critic n. or its etymon classical Latin criticus + -ism suffix. Compare later critics n., critique n., and also criticize v.Compare post-classical Latin criticismus (1648 or earlier), French criticisme (1762 or earlier in sense 1a; 1838 in sense 1c). In sense 1c after German Kriticismus (1791 or earlier; now Kritizismus). 1. a. The art or practice of analysing, evaluating, and commenting on the qualities and character of something, esp. literary texts or other creative works, or (later more generally) restaurants, wine, food, etc.; the work of a critic.See also art criticism n., film criticism n., radio criticism n., etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > criticism > [noun] judgementc1450 censure1576 criticism1606 critique1656 animadverting1665 animadvertence1681 critiquing1873 1606 G. Chapman Monsieur D'Oliue i. sig B2^v It shall be a second Sorbonne, where all doubts or differences of Learning, Honour, Duellisme, Criticisme, and Poetrie shall be disputed. 1677 J. Dryden Authors Apol. Heroique Poetry in State Innocence Pref. sig. b^v Criticism, as it was first instituted by Aristotle, was meant a Standard of judging well. The chiefest part of which is to observe those Excellencies which should delight a reasonable Reader. 1719 J. Richardson (title) The connoisseur: an essay on the whole art of criticism as it relates to painting. 1889 Dial Sept. 94/1 Does it in truth rest entirely, or even mainly, with the reviewer..to elevate criticism to its rightful place, very near to creative writing itself? 1982 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 10 Oct. (Late City Final ed.) vii. 12/1 In 1963 he wrote the first weekly column of restaurant reviews and inaugurated an age of restaurant criticism. 2000 Courier Mail (Queensland, Austral.) (Nexis) 9 Nov. (Features section) 30 The history of music criticism is littered with the opinions of critics whose judgments of a new work or performance have been shown to be erroneous. b. spec. The scholarly investigation of literary or historical texts, esp. the Old and New Testaments, with regard to their origin, authenticity, composition, etc.See also higher criticism n., historical criticism n., source-criticism n., textual criticism n., etc. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > [noun] criticism1625 lower criticism1822 textualism1888 explication de texte1935 textology1975 society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > text > criticism, interpretation > [noun] > higher criticism criticism1625 higher criticism1822 society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > [noun] > types of literary criticism criticism1625 critical theory1799 literary theory1807 autocriticism1820 pseudo-criticism1851 Formgeschichte1923 form-criticism1928 form-history1928 practical criticism1929 New Criticism1941 contextualism1955 patternism1956 objectivism1961 narratology1971 new historicism1972 deconstruction1973 post-structuralism1975 deconstructionism1980 theory1982 1625 T. James Explan. 10 Articles 22 It is a rule in Criticisme, that caeteris paribus, the older the copy is, the better it is. 1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I i. x. 61 We shall begin with the knowledge of Languages, anciently stiled Grammar, and lately Criticisme. 1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. 356 Criticism..may be defined the Art of restoring the corrupted Passages of Authors, and ascertaining their genuine Sense, and Method of Reasoning. 1874 H. Rogers Superhuman Origin Bible (ed. 2) viii. 354 The remains of Clement and Polycarp, and such fragments of Ignatius as criticism pronounces to be undoubtedly genuine. 1950 R. Heard Introd. New Test. xviii. 182 Who were the Galatians? This is one of the classical controversies of New Testament criticism. 2015 Church Times 2 Oct. 28/2 The new science of biblical criticism..led biblical scholars to attempt to discover what the words meant to those who wrote them. c. Philosophy. The critical philosophy of Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) and (later) other philosophies similarly founded on the critical examination (as opposed to the justification) of knowledge. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > idealism > [noun] > Kantianism > branches of criticism1798 1798 A. F. M. Willich Elements Crit. Philos. 152 Criticism, with Kant, signifies a critical mode of proceeding (doubts of delay) i.e. the maxim of general distrust with respect to all synthetical judgments a priori, until we have acquired a view of the universal ground of their possibility, in the essential conditions of our faculties of cognition. 1867 J. H. Stirling tr. A. Schwegler Handbk. Hist. Philos. xxxviii. 216 Kant..possessed the clearest consciousness of the relation of criticism to all preceding philosophy. 1889 E. Caird Crit. Philos. Kant I. 2 [Kant] opposes Criticism to two other forms of philosophy, Dogmatism and Scepticism. 1902 A. Monahan tr. P. Janet & G. Séailles Hist. Probl. Philos. II. iii. 142 In Criticism something absolute remains, namely, the laws of the understanding; in Empiricism everything is accidental. 2015 Archiv f. Begriffsgeschichte 57 115 Tennemann attempts to show past philosophical systems as steps in the history of philosophy, which attains its fullness once it reaches Kantian criticism. 2. A piece of writing or other review in which a text, creative work, subject, etc., is analysed or evaluated; a critical essay or article; a critique.In quot. 1606 used metaphorically, with reference to a woman. ΚΠ 1606 J. Marston Parasitaster (rev. ed.) iv. sig. G2 That salt that criticisme, that very all epigram of a woman, that Analysis, that compendium of witnes. 1781 S. Johnson Pope in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets VII. 122 Of the English Odyssey a criticism was published by Spence, at that time Prelector of Poetry at Oxford. 1893 C. J. Ffoulkes tr. G. Morelli Ital. Painters 1 My friend, the late Mr. Mündler, published a criticism on the pictures contained in the Munich gallery. 1905 W. H. Cobb (title) A criticism of systems of Hebrew metre. 2008 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 2 Feb. d7 He's also..co-edited the recently published criticism Language Acts: Anglo-Quebec Poetry, 1976 to the 21st Century. 3. The passing of judgement on a person or thing; esp. the expression of a harsh or unfavourable opinion of a person or thing; fault-finding, censure. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] faultingc1450 animadversion1599 criticism1607 reflection1636 the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > criticism > [noun] > often unfavourable commenting1597 criticism1607 censurea1616 judgementalism1950 stick1956 1607 T. Dekker Knights Conjuring sig. A4^v Therfore (Reader) doe I..stand at the marke of Criticisme (and of thy bolt) to bee shot at. 1683 D. A. Whole Art Converse 45 The first [extream] is Flattery, the other is Criticism, or a censorious humour, condemning indifferently every thing. 1788 Trifler 27 Sept. 245 The country 'squires dreaded the exposition of their rustic conversation to the ordeal of her criticism. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) IV. 44 No philosophy has ever stood this criticism of the next generation. 1962 Congress. Rec. 108 6666/2 The U.S. representatives encountered a barrage of criticism and recriminations. 2013 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 11 Oct. 5 She had been surprised by the fierce criticism the book had attracted. 4. An act or instance of criticizing. Also: a critical remark or comment. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > criticism > [noun] > instance of comment1509 censurea1575 criticism1608 hypercritic1619 critisma1639 critique1656 society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > review or critique > [noun] criticism1608 hypercritic1619 critique1647 review1649 review article1807 notice1835 appreciation1856 crit1908 1608 G. Chapman Conspiracie Duke of Byron i. sig. B There are a number more Of these State Critiscismes: That our personall view May profitably make. 1683 J. Dryden Life Plutarch 14 in J. Dryden et al. tr. Plutarch Lives I Philosophical questions, and criticisms of humanity, were their usual recreations. 1780 S. Lee Chapter of Accidents Pref. p. iv I was enough mistress of myself to listen with complaisance to the most supercilious and unmeaning criticisms. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 22 A criticism may be worth making which rests only on probabilities or impressions. 1924 J. B. Cabell Straws & Prayer-bks. 93 That art is a criticism of life, appears a favorite apothegm... Yet the statement is true enough, in the sense that prison-breaking is a criticism of the penitentiary. 2018 Business Day (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 30 Apr. He pulled no punches in the actual speech, making increasingly pointed criticisms of US policy that had Republicans squirming. †5. A minute particular or point of detail; a subtlety. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > [noun] > subtle point subtletya1425 subtilityc1485 jimp?a1500 nicety1589 nicery1605 fineness1622 pointille1626 measuring cast1631 criticisma1640 exility1642 subtilty1681 quoddity1682 nuance1781 distinguo1895 a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Little French Lawyer i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. H2/2 This godly calling [of Duellist] Thou hast followed five and twenty yeares, and studied The Criticismes of contentions [i.e. duelling]. 1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus iii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 133 To set Seeds in that posture, wherein the Leaf and Roots may shoot right..were a Criticisme in Agriculture. 1683 W. Cave Ecclesiastici vi. 108 Not sufficiently understanding the Criticisms of the Greek Language. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022). < n.1606
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